NAMC YS-11
Encyclopedia
The NAMC YS-11 is a turboprop
airliner
built by a Japanese consortium, the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
. The program was initiated by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry
in 1954, the aircraft was rolled out in 1962, and production ceased in 1974.
s flying on Japan's domestic routes, and encouraged companies in Japan's aircraft industry to collaborate to develop and produce the new airliner. A joint venture between Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
, Kawasaki Heavy Industries
, Fuji Heavy Industries
(now better known as the parent company of automobile manufacturer Subaru
), Shin Meiwa
, Showa Aircraft Industry Company and Japan Aircraft Industry Company was set up in 1957, being formalised as the Nihon Aeroplane Manufacturing Company (NAMC) in 1959.
NAMC designed a low-winged twin-turboprop monoplane
seating 60 passengers. Although the aircraft was mainly designed and manufactured in Japan, the engines were built by Rolls-Royce
, with the 2,275 kW (3,050 ehp) Rolls-Royce Dart
RDa.10/1 being selected for the new aircraft. Electronic equipment, avionics, mechanical and fuselage components were supplied either by Japanese companies or foreign suppliers during the YS-11's production lifetime. The twin-engined YS-11 delivered similar operational performance to the four-engined Vickers Viscount
, and had 50% more capacity than the similarly configured Fokker F27 Friendship.
The first prototype made its maiden flight from Nagoya Airport on August 30, 1962, with the second prototype flying on December 28, 1962. It received its Japanese Type certificate
on August 25, 1964, with American Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) certification following on September 9, 1965.
To date, the YS-11 is the only successful commercial aircraft to have been manufactured by a Japanese firm, either before or after World War II. 182 were produced in total, of which 82 were exported to 15 countries.
beginning in April 1965. At first, deliveries were mainly to Japanese airlines, and NAMC developed the YS-11A, with higher gross weight, to make the aircraft more attractive to the North American market, and in particular to meet the requirements of Piedmont Airlines
, which ordered 10 YS-11A-200s, with an option for a further 10. Orders slowed after the needs of the Japanese commuter airlines for which it had been designed were met, and this, together with growing losses, resulted in production being stopped after completion of 182 aircraft, with the last YS-11 being delivered to the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force on May 11, 1973.
The YS-11 was slowly phased out by airlines in Japan due to new directives issued by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism requiring all commercial aircraft in Japan to be fitted with a Traffic Collision Avoidance System
(TCAS). Aircraft without TCAS were forced to cease operations at the end of 2006. Since equipping a YS-11 with TCAS would have cost ¥
100 million (US$
1.083 million), such a refit was deemed economically unsound. Aircraft that were still in flying condition were sold to foreign companies. On September 30, 2006, Japan Air Commuter
Flight 3806 marked the final flight for a YS-11 in Japan's commercial aviation industry. In 2007, the YS-11 was added to the Mechanical Engineering Heritage
of Japan No. 13.
YS-11-100
YS-11A-200
YS-11A-300
YS-11A-400
YS-11A-500
YS-11A-600
YS-11E
As of July 2011, Transair Cargo, Air Link International Airways
, Aero JBR, Aerodan and ALCON Servicios Aereos each operate one YS-11 for a total of five aircraft in commercial service.
Former and present operators of the NAMC YS-11:
Turboprop
A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear.The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller...
airliner
Airliner
An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such aircraft are operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial...
built by a Japanese consortium, the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
The Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation , or NAMC, was the manufacturer of Japan's only successful civilian airliner, the YS-11.- History :...
. The program was initiated by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry was one of the most powerful agencies of the Government of Japan. At the height of its influence, it effectively ran much of Japanese industrial policy, funding research and directing investment...
in 1954, the aircraft was rolled out in 1962, and production ceased in 1974.
Development and design
In the mid-to-late 1950s, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry identified a requirement for a short-haul airliner to replace Douglas DC-3Douglas DC-3
The Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing propeller-driven aircraft whose speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Its lasting impact on the airline industry and World War II makes it one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made...
s flying on Japan's domestic routes, and encouraged companies in Japan's aircraft industry to collaborate to develop and produce the new airliner. A joint venture between Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
, or MHI, is a Japanese company. It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi Group.-History:In 1870 Yataro Iwasaki, the founder of Mitsubishi took a lease of Government-owned Nagasaki Shipyard. He named it Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works, and started the shipbuilding business on a full scale...
, Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
is an international corporation based in Japan. It has headquarters in both Chūō-ku, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo.The company is named after its founder Shōzō Kawasaki and has no connection with the city of Kawasaki, Kanagawa....
, Fuji Heavy Industries
Fuji Heavy Industries
, or FHI, is a Japanese transportation conglomerate most known for being the manufacturer of Subaru automobiles. It traces its roots to the Nakajima Aircraft Company, a leading supplier of airplanes to the Japanese government during World War II...
(now better known as the parent company of automobile manufacturer Subaru
Subaru
; is the automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate Fuji Heavy Industries .Subaru is internationally known for their use of the boxer engine layout popularized in cars by the Volkswagen Beetle and Porsche 911, in most of their vehicles above 1500 cc as well as...
), Shin Meiwa
ShinMaywa
is a Japanese industrial conglomerate descended from the Kawanishi Aircraft Company. Founded as Shin Meiwa Industries in 1949, the company was rebranded as ShinMaywa in 1992...
, Showa Aircraft Industry Company and Japan Aircraft Industry Company was set up in 1957, being formalised as the Nihon Aeroplane Manufacturing Company (NAMC) in 1959.
NAMC designed a low-winged twin-turboprop monoplane
Monoplane
A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. Since the late 1930s it has been the most common form for a fixed wing aircraft.-Types of monoplane:...
seating 60 passengers. Although the aircraft was mainly designed and manufactured in Japan, the engines were built by Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce plc
Rolls-Royce Group plc is a global power systems company headquartered in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom. It is the world’s second-largest maker of aircraft engines , and also has major businesses in the marine propulsion and energy sectors. Through its defence-related activities...
, with the 2,275 kW (3,050 ehp) Rolls-Royce Dart
Rolls-Royce Dart
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9-External links:*...
RDa.10/1 being selected for the new aircraft. Electronic equipment, avionics, mechanical and fuselage components were supplied either by Japanese companies or foreign suppliers during the YS-11's production lifetime. The twin-engined YS-11 delivered similar operational performance to the four-engined Vickers Viscount
Vickers Viscount
The Vickers Viscount was a British medium-range turboprop airliner first flown in 1948 by Vickers-Armstrongs, making it the first such aircraft to enter service in the world...
, and had 50% more capacity than the similarly configured Fokker F27 Friendship.
The first prototype made its maiden flight from Nagoya Airport on August 30, 1962, with the second prototype flying on December 28, 1962. It received its Japanese Type certificate
Type certificate
A Type Certificate, is awarded by aviation regulating bodies to aerospace manufacturers after it has been established that the particular design of a civil aircraft, engine, or propeller has fulfilled the regulating bodies' current prevailing airworthiness requirements for the safe conduct of...
on August 25, 1964, with American Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration is the national aviation authority of the United States. An agency of the United States Department of Transportation, it has authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S...
(FAA) certification following on September 9, 1965.
To date, the YS-11 is the only successful commercial aircraft to have been manufactured by a Japanese firm, either before or after World War II. 182 were produced in total, of which 82 were exported to 15 countries.
Operational history
The first production YS-11 flew on October 23, 1964 and was delivered on March 30, 1965, with initial airline operations by Toa AirwaysToa Airways
Toa Airways Co., Ltd. was a Japanese airline and the predecessor of Japan Air System.On May 15, 1971, the airline merged with Japan Domestic Airlines to form Toa Domestic Airlines; on April 1, 1988 the merged airline renamed itself to Japan Air System. In the 2000s Japan Air System merged into...
beginning in April 1965. At first, deliveries were mainly to Japanese airlines, and NAMC developed the YS-11A, with higher gross weight, to make the aircraft more attractive to the North American market, and in particular to meet the requirements of Piedmont Airlines
Piedmont Airlines
Piedmont Airlines is an American regional airline operating for US Airways Express. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the US Airways Group, headquartered in unincorporated Wicomico County, Maryland, near the city of Salisbury, it conducts flight operations using De Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft...
, which ordered 10 YS-11A-200s, with an option for a further 10. Orders slowed after the needs of the Japanese commuter airlines for which it had been designed were met, and this, together with growing losses, resulted in production being stopped after completion of 182 aircraft, with the last YS-11 being delivered to the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force on May 11, 1973.
The YS-11 was slowly phased out by airlines in Japan due to new directives issued by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism requiring all commercial aircraft in Japan to be fitted with a Traffic Collision Avoidance System
Traffic Collision Avoidance System
A traffic collision avoidance system or traffic alert and collision avoidance system is an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the incidence of mid-air collisions between aircraft...
(TCAS). Aircraft without TCAS were forced to cease operations at the end of 2006. Since equipping a YS-11 with TCAS would have cost ¥
Japanese yen
The is the official currency of Japan. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar and the euro. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the U.S. dollar, the euro and the pound sterling...
100 million (US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
1.083 million), such a refit was deemed economically unsound. Aircraft that were still in flying condition were sold to foreign companies. On September 30, 2006, Japan Air Commuter
Japan Air Commuter
is a Japanese airline based in Kirishima, Kagoshima Prefecture. It operates feeder services in support of Japan Airlines. Its main base is Kagoshima Airport, with hubs at Osaka International Airport, Amami Airport and Fukuoka Airport. - History :...
Flight 3806 marked the final flight for a YS-11 in Japan's commercial aviation industry. In 2007, the YS-11 was added to the Mechanical Engineering Heritage
Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan)
The is a list of sites, landmarks, machines, and documents that made significant contributions to the development of mechanical engineering in Japan. Items in the list are certified by the .- Overview :...
of Japan No. 13.
Variants
YS-11YS-11-100
- Initial production variant. 23,500 kg (51,810 lb) gross weight. 48 built.
YS-11A-200
- Increased gross weight (24,500 kg (54,010 lb) passenger airliner.
YS-11A-300
- CombiCombiIn commercial aviation, the term combi refers to versions of various aircraft that can be used for either passenger, as an airliner would, or cargo duties, as a freighter would, and often have a partition in the aircraft cabin to allow both uses at once...
version of YS-11-200, fitted with large cargo door and capable of carrying both passengers and freight.
YS-11A-400
- Pure cargo version of -200, used only by Japanese defence forces.
YS-11A-500
- Passenger airliner with further increased (25,000 kg (55,110 lb)) gross weight produced from 1970.
YS-11A-600
- Combi version of -500.
YS-11E
Customer variants
- YS-11-101: TOA Domestic Airlines
- YS-11-102: All Nippon Airways
- YS-11-103: Japan Air Self Defense Force
- YS-11-104: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
- YS-11-105: Japan Air Self Defense Force
- YS-11-106: Japan Domestic Airlines
- YS-11-107: Filipinas Orient Airways
- YS-11-108: Japan Domestic Airlines
- YS-11-109: Japan Domestic Airlines
- YS-11-110: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
- YS-11-111: All Nippon Airways
- YS-11-113: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
- YS-11-114: TOA Airways
- YS-11-115: Aeronautic College
- YS-11-116: Filipinas Orient Airways
- YS-11-117: Hawaiian Airways
- YS-11-118: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
- YS-11-120: LANSA
- YS-11-121: Filipinas Orient Airways
- YS-11-124: Japan Domestic Airlines
- YS-11-125: Cruzeiro do Sul
- YS-11-128: Aerolineas Argentinas
- YS-11-129: TOA Airways
- YS-11A-201: NAMC
- YS-11A-202: Cruzeiro do Sul
- YS-11A-205: Piedmont Airlines
- YS-11A-206: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
- YS-11A-207: Japam Maritine Safety Agency
- YS-11A-208: All Nippon Airways
- YS-11A-209: Southwest Air Lines
- YS-11A-211: VASP
- YS-11A-212: VASP
- YS-11A-213: All Nippon Airways
- YS-11A-214: Southwest Air Lines
- YS-11A-217: Japan Domestic Airlines
- YS-11A-218: Japan Air Self Defense Force
- YS-11A-219: China Airlines
- YS-11A-220: Olympic Airways
- YS-11A-222: TOA Airways
- YS-11A-223: All Nippon Airways
- YS-11A-227: Japan Domestic Airlines / TOA Airways
- YS-11A-301: Korean Air Lines
- YS-11A-305: Japan Air Self Defense Force
- YS-11A-306: Transair
- YS-11A-307: Japan Domestic Airlines
- YS-11A-309: Aerotransportes Litoral Argentino (later Austral)
- YS-11A-310: Korean Air Lines
- YS-11A-313: TOA Airways
- YS-11A-314: Air Afrique
- YS-11A-321: Air Gabon
- YS-11A-402: Japan Air Self Defense Force
- YS-11A-404: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
- YS-11A-500: Piedmont Airlines
- YS-11A-523: Philippine Civil Aeronautics Administration
- YS-11A-621: Trans Gabon
- YS-11A-623: Pelita Air Service
- YS-11A-624: Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
- YS-11A-626: Reeve Aleutian Airways
Operators
Air Link International Airways
Air Link International Airways is an airline based in Pasay City, Manila, Philippines. It operates charter services and a flying school. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila.- History :...
, Aero JBR, Aerodan and ALCON Servicios Aereos each operate one YS-11 for a total of five aircraft in commercial service.
- Aboitiz AirAboitiz AirAboitiz Air was a cargo airline based in Pasay City, Manila, the Philippines. It operates transport of bulk cargo and express parcels throughout the Philippines. It has been rebranded as 2GO.-Code data:*ICAO Code: BOI*Callsign: ABAIR -History:...
- Aerodan Cargo
- Aerolíneas ArgentinasAerolíneas ArgentinasAerolíneas Argentinas , formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and serves as the country's flag carrier. Owned in its majority by the Argentine Government, the airline is headquartered in the Torre Bouchard, located in San Nicolás, Buenos Aires...
- AerolitoralAerolitoralAerolitoral, S.A. de C.V., operating as AeroMéxico Connect, and formerly as Aerolitoral, is the regional airline of AeroMéxico operating Embraer ERJ-145 and ERJ-190 aircraft, with crew bases in Monterrey, Guadalajara, and Mexico City. It is headquartered in Monterrey. It operates feeder services to...
(subsidiary of AeroMéxico) - Aero Majestic Airways Inc.
- AeroSierra
- Air ArubaAir ArubaAir Aruba was the main air carrier from the island of Aruba. It was founded in 1986 and it declared bankruptcy in 2000. It was headquartered in the Brown Invest Building in Oranjestad, Aruba.- History :...
- Air CaribbeanAir CaribbeanAir Caribbean may refer to:* Air Caribbean , an airline from Puerto Rico* Air Caribbean , an airline from Trinidad and Tobago...
- Air NipponAir Nippon, is a regional airline based in the Shiodome City Center complex in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. A wholly owned subsidiary of All Nippon Airways , it mainly operates short routes and flights to isolated islands in support of ANA's domestic services...
(subsidiary of All Nippon Airways) - All Nippon AirwaysAll Nippon Airways, also known as or ANA, is one of the largest airlines in Japan. It is headquartered at the Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It operates services to 49 destinations in Japan and 35 international routes and employed over 14,000 employees as of May 2009...
- Air PhilippinesAir PhilippinesAir Philippines Corporation, now operating as Airphil Express , is a low-cost airline based in Pasay City, in the Philippines. It operates both domestic and international scheduled services from Manila, Cebu, Davao and Zamboanga. The airline was re-branded for a number of times, first as Air...
- Air PhoenixAir PhoenixAir Phoenix was a short-lived airline based in Bangkok, Thailand operating out of Don Mueang International Airport.- History :The airline was founded in 2007 and started operations in May 2008 with a flight between Bangkok and Mae Sot, which was later terminated...
- Air Star Zanzibar
- Midwest Air Charter/Airborne Express
- Airlink International Airways
- Aerotransportes Litoral Argentino (ALA)
- AlconAlconAlcon incorporated and with corporate headquarters, in Hünenberg, Switzerland, is a global medical company specializing in eye care products. Alcon's U.S. headquarters is located in Fort Worth, Texas...
- American EagleAmerican Eagle AirlinesAmerican Eagle Airlines is a brand name used by American Eagle Airlines, Inc. , based in Fort Worth, Texas, and Executive Airlines based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in the operation of passenger air service as regional affiliates of American Airlines. All three airlines are wholly owned subsidiaries...
(operated by Simmons AirlinesSimmons AirlinesSimmons Airlines is the predecessor to American Eagle Airlines based in the United States. Its headquarters were originally near Marquette, Michigan, at the Marquette County Airport in Negaunee, and were eventually moved to the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois.- History :Simmons Airlines, Inc....
) - Asian SpiritAsian SpiritZest Airways Inc. is an airline based in the Asian Aeronautics Hangar in the General Aviation Area in Pasay City, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It operates scheduled domestic and international tourist services, mainly feeder services linking Manila and Cebu with 24 domestic destinations in...
- Austral Líneas AéreasAustral Líneas AéreasAustral Líneas Aéreas , more commonly known by its shortened name Austral, is a domestic airline of Argentina, the sister company of Aerolíneas Argentinas. It is the second largest domestic scheduled airline in the country, after Aerolíneas Argentinas itself...
(subsidiary of Aerolíneas Argentinas) - Barker-Wayne
- BIMP - EAGA Air Alliance
- Bouraq
- China AirlinesChina AirlinesChina Airlines is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of Republic of China . Although not directly state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is owned by the China Aviation Development Foundation...
- Continental ExpressContinental ExpressContinental Express is the operating brand name used by a number of independently owned regional airlines providing regional jet feeder service under agreement with Continental Airlines...
(operated by Provincetown-Boston Airline, Inc.) - Cruzeiro do SulServiços Aéreos Cruzeiro do SulServiços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul, was the second oldest airline of Brazil, tracing its origins to 1927, when it was founded as Syndicato Condor, a subsidiary of Deutsche Luft Hansa. Syndicato Condor retained rights and interests of a former German trade company, Condor Syndikat, which previously...
- Far West
- Filipinas Orient AirwaysFilipinas Orient AirwaysFilipinas Orient Airways Inc. was founded by originally Lebanese refugee family Karam in the Philippines in 1964. Under Republic Act No. 4147 . FOA was granted the franchise to provide air transport service in the Philippines and between the Philippines and other countries on June 20, 1964...
- Fort Worth AirlinesFort Worth AirlinesFort Worth Airlines was an airline headquartered at Meacham Field in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. In 1985 the airline had been newly established. It flew to Hobby Airport in Houston from Fort Worth and from Austin to San Antonio. Fort Worth Airlines leased four NAMC YS-11s from Mid Pacific...
- Gabon Express Cargo
- GabonGabonGabon , officially the Gabonese Republic is a state in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south. The Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean is to the west...
(Gabonese Air Force) - Gacela
- Gambia Airways
- Geological Survey of Japan
- Global Air Cargo
- Hawaiian AirlinesHawaiian AirlinesHawaiian Airlines, Inc. is a major airline of the United States. It is the largest airline based in the State of Hawai'i, and is the 11th largest commercial airline in the country. Based in Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu, the airline operates its main hub at Honolulu International...
- Hellenic Air ForceHellenic Air ForceThe Hellenic Air Force, abbreviated to HAF is the air force of Greece. The mission of the Hellenic Air Force is to guard and protect Greek airspace, provide air assistance and support to the Hellenic Army and the Hellenic Navy, as well as the provision of humanitarian aid in Greece and around the...
- Japan Air Lines
- Japan Air SystemJapan Air Systemwas the smallest of the big three Japanese airlines, headquartered in the JAS M1 Building at Tokyo International Airport in Ōta, Tokyo. In contrast to JAL and ANA, its international route network was very small, but its domestic network incorporated many smaller airports that were not served by...
(now merged into Japan Airlines) - Japan Domestic AirlinesJapan Domestic Airlineswas the predecessor of Japan Air System.On April 15, 1964, , , and merged to form Japan Domestic Airlines. On May 15, 1971, the airline merged with Toa Airways to form Toa Domestic Airlines; on April 1, 1988 the merged airline renamed itself to Japan Air System...
(predecessor of Japan Air System) - Japan Self-Defense ForcesJapan Self-Defense ForcesThe , or JSDF, occasionally referred to as JSF or SDF, are the unified military forces of Japan that were established after the end of the post–World War II Allied occupation of Japan. For most of the post-war period the JSDF was confined to the islands of Japan and not permitted to be deployed...
(Air and Maritime) - Japan Civil Aeronautics Board
- Japan Coast GuardJapan Coast GuardThe , formerly the Maritime Safety Agency, is the Japanese coast guard. Comprising about 12,000 personnel, it is under the oversight of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and is responsible for the protection the coast-lines of Japan...
- Japan TransOcean AirJapan Transocean Air, or JTA, is an airline based in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic services. Its main base is Naha Airport.- History :...
- Korean AirKorean AirKorean Air Lines Co., Ltd. , operating as Korean Air, is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of South Korea, with global headquarters located in Seoul, South Korea. Korean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 130 cities in 45...
- Korean Air Cargo
- Lansa
- Litoral
- MandalaMandalaMaṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle". In the Buddhist and Hindu religious traditions their sacred art often takes a mandala form. The basic form of most Hindu and Buddhist mandalas is a square with four gates containing a circle with a center point...
- Mey-AirMey-AirMey-Air Transoport A/S was a Norwegian airline headquartered in Oslo. It was founded in 1970 by Hans Otto Meyer. They strted with a mixed fleet of Beechcraft 99, Beechcraft King Air-100 and a Convair CV 240. As the marked in Scandinavia for Inclusive tours increased in the early 1970´s Mey-Air...
- Merpati Nusantara AirlinesMerpati Nusantara AirlinesMerpati Nusantara Airlines is a commuter airline based in Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is a major domestic airline operating scheduled services to more than 25 destinations in Indonesia, as well as scheduled international services to East Timor and Malaysia. Its main base is...
- Mid Pacific AirMid Pacific AirMid Pacific Air was founded in 1981 as a low-cost regional airline serving Hawaii. Routes connected the islands of Kauai, O'ahu, Maui and Hawaii . Its primary competitors were the existing regional carriers, Hawaiian Airlines and Aloha Airlines...
- MPAC
- Nihon Kinkyori Airlines (Subsidiary of ANA - All Nippon Airways)
- NorcanairNorcanairNorcanair was the name of a Canadian airline that existed from 1947 to 1987, and again briefly in the early 1990s and from 2001 to 2005.-History:...
- Olympic Airways
- Pacific Southwest AirlinesPacific Southwest AirlinesPacific Southwest Airlines was a United States airline headquartered in San Diego, California, that operated from 1949 to 1988. It was one of the first large discount airlines in the United States and is considered a precursor to Southwest Airlines...
- Used to train Japanese pilots. Never painted in PSA livery. - Provincetown-Boston AirlinesProvincetown-Boston AirlinesProvincetown-Boston Airline , or better known as PBA, was an airline that operated between 1949 and 1989. The airline operated a route network in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida, and at one time was the largest commuter airline in the United States before its purchase by People...
- Philippine Air ForcePhilippine Air ForceThe Philippine Air Force is the air force of the Republic of the Philippines, and one of the three main services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Its official name in Filipino is Hukbong Himpapawid ng Pilipinas....
- Philippine AirlinesPhilippine AirlinesPhilippine Airlines, Inc. operating as Philippine Airlines, is a flag carrier of the Philippines. Headquartered in the Philippine National Bank Financial Center in Pasay City, the airline was founded in 1941 and is the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name...
- Phuket AirPhuket AirPhuket Air is an airline based in Bangkok, Thailand. The airline currently specialises in leasing its fleet of Boeing 747 and 737 aircraft on an ACMI /wet lease basis to airlines worldwide needing extra passenger capacity...
- Piedmont Airlines
- Pinehurst
- Pyramid Airlines
- Reeve Aleutian AirwaysReeve Aleutian AirwaysReeve Aleutian Airways was an airline headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It ceased operations on December 5, 2000.-Founding:...
- Societe Generale d'Alimentation
- Simmons AirlinesSimmons AirlinesSimmons Airlines is the predecessor to American Eagle Airlines based in the United States. Its headquarters were originally near Marquette, Michigan, at the Marquette County Airport in Negaunee, and were eventually moved to the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois.- History :Simmons Airlines, Inc....
- South Phoenix Airways
- Southwest Air Lines Japan (subsidiary of Japan Airlines)
- Tauk Tours
- Toa AirwaysToa AirwaysToa Airways Co., Ltd. was a Japanese airline and the predecessor of Japan Air System.On May 15, 1971, the airline merged with Japan Domestic Airlines to form Toa Domestic Airlines; on April 1, 1988 the merged airline renamed itself to Japan Air System. In the 2000s Japan Air System merged into...
(predecessor of Toa Domestic Airlines) - Toa Domestic Airlines (predecessor of Japan Air System)
- Trans Air
- Trans-Central Airlines
- Trygon, Ltd.
- United States Postal ServiceUnited States Postal ServiceThe United States Postal Service is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for providing postal service in the United States...
- VASPVASPViação Aérea São Paulo S/A, or VASP, was an airline with its head office in the VASP Building on the grounds of Congonhas-São Paulo Airport in São Paulo, Brazil...
- Winair
Incidents
There have been over twenty hull loss accidents involving YS-11 aircraft.- 13 November 1966, All Nippon Airways Flight 533All Nippon Airways Flight 533All Nippon Airways Flight 533, registration JA8658, was a NAMC YS-11 en route from Osaka, Japan to Matsuyama on the island of Shikoku. It was the fifth crash in Japan in 1966....
crashed into the sea near MatsuyamaMatsuyama, Ehimeis the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the Shikoku island of Japan. It is located on the northeastern portion of the Dōgo Plain. Its name means "pine mountain." The city was founded on December 15, 1889....
, Japan with the loss of all five crew and 45 passengers.
- 20 October 1969, All Nippon Airways Flight 104 overran the runway at Miyazaki AirportMiyazaki AirportMiyazaki Airport is an airport located south southeast of Miyazaki, a city in the Miyazaki Prefecture of Japan.-Airlines and destinations:-Access:The airport is connected to various locations by bus...
, Japan. All four crew and 49 passengers survived.
- 11 December 1969, a Korean AirKorean AirKorean Air Lines Co., Ltd. , operating as Korean Air, is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of South Korea, with global headquarters located in Seoul, South Korea. Korean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 130 cities in 45...
flight from GangneungGangneung AirbaseGangneung Airbase is an airbase holding the 18th fighter wing of the Republic of Korea Air Force. It is located in Gangneung, Gangwon-do. The airfield has one runway , and is ILS equipped on runway 23. In the past, this airfield also used to handle civilian air traffic...
to SeoulGimpo International AirportGimpo International Airport , commonly known as Gimpo Airport , is located in the far western end of Seoul and was the main international airport for Seoul and South Korea before it was replaced by Incheon International Airport in 2001...
was hijackedKorean Air Lines YS-11 hijackingThe Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking occurred on 11 December 1969. The aircraft, a Korean Air Lines NAMC YS-11 flying a domestic route from Gangneung Airbase in Gangneung, Gangwon-do to Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, was hijacked at 12:25 PM by North Korean agent Cho Ch'ang-hǔi...
and flown to Sǒndǒk Airfield near WonsanWonsanWŏnsan is a port city and naval base in southeastern North Korea. It is the capital of Kangwŏn Province. The population of the city is estimated to have been 331,000 in 2000. Notable people from Wŏnsan include Kim Ki Nam, diplomat and Secretary of the Workers' Party.- History :The original name of...
. The aircraft was damaged on landing and written off. The aircraft, its crew, and passengers are still held in North Korean territory.
- 12 August 1970, China AirlinesChina AirlinesChina Airlines is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of Republic of China . Although not directly state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is owned by the China Aviation Development Foundation...
Flight 206China Airlines Flight 206China Airlines Flight 206 was a flight operated by a China Airlines NAMC YS-11, registration B-156, that crashed on approach to Taipei Songshan Airport on 12 August 1970. While preparing to land, the aircraft entered thick fog and a severe thunderstorm...
crashed into Yuan Mountain on approach to TaipeiTaipei Songshan AirportTaipei Songshan Airport or Taipei Sungshan Airport is a midsize commercial airport and military airbase located in Songshan, Taipei, Taiwan...
, TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
. Two crew and 12 passengers were killed.
- 1 April 1971, a Merpati Nusantara AirlinesMerpati Nusantara AirlinesMerpati Nusantara Airlines is a commuter airline based in Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is a major domestic airline operating scheduled services to more than 25 destinations in Indonesia, as well as scheduled international services to East Timor and Malaysia. Its main base is...
YS-11 made a wheels-up landing at Kemayoran AirportKemayoran AirportKemayoran Airport, also spelled Kemajoran Airport, was the principal airport for Jakarta, Indonesia, from 8 July 1940 until March 31, 1985, when it was replaced by Soekarno-Hatta International Airport...
, JakartaJakartaJakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
while on a training flight.
- 3 July 1971, Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 533 flew into Yokotsu Mountain while on approach to Hakodate AirportHakodate Airport, is an airport located east of Hakodate Station in Hakodate, a city in Hokkaidō, Japan. It is operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. It serves as the hub for airtransse.- History :...
, Japan. All four crew and 64 passengers were killed, the worst loss of life in an accident involving the YS-11.
- 7 November 1971, A VASPVASPViação Aérea São Paulo S/A, or VASP, was an airline with its head office in the VASP Building on the grounds of Congonhas-São Paulo Airport in São Paulo, Brazil...
YS-11 was destroyed by fire after a candle was lit inside when the aircraft was being guarded overnight after being bogged down at Aragarças Airport, BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. Both guards were killed.
- 12 April 1972, a VASP flight between São PauloSão PauloSão Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
and Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
crashed 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) north of Rio de Janeiro. All four crew and 21 passengers were killed.
- 18 October 1972, a Cruzeiro do SulServiços Aéreos Cruzeiro do SulServiços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul, was the second oldest airline of Brazil, tracing its origins to 1927, when it was founded as Syndicato Condor, a subsidiary of Deutsche Luft Hansa. Syndicato Condor retained rights and interests of a former German trade company, Condor Syndikat, which previously...
YS-11 overshot the runway at Congonhas Airport, São Paulo and was damaged beyond repair.
- 21 October 1972, an Olympic AirlinesOlympic AirlinesOlympic Airlines was the flag carrier airline of Greece, with its head office in Athens. It operated services to 37 domestic destinations and to 32 destinations world-wide. Its main base was at Athens International Airport, with hubs at Thessaloniki International Airport, "Macedonia" and Rhodes...
YS-11 en route from Corfu (Kerkyra) to Athens crashed into the sea in Voula, whilst attempting an approach to Ellinikon International AirportEllinikon International AirportEllinikon International Airport , sometimes spelled Hellinikon was the international airport of Athens, Greece for sixty years up until 2001 when it was replaced by the new Athens International Airport. It is located south of Athens, and just west of Glyfada...
, AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
, in a heavy storm. One crew member (the co-pilot) and 36 passengers were killed, while the captain, the two stewardesses and 16 passengers survived.
- 23 October 1973, a VASP YS-11 overran the runway at Santos Dumont Airport, Rio de Janeiro after a rejected take-off and ended up in Guanabara BayGuanabara BayGuanabara Bay is an oceanic bay located in southeastern Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. On its western shore lies the city of Rio de Janeiro, and on its eastern shore the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. Four other municipalities surround the bay's shores...
. Eight passengers were killed.
- 5 March 1974, a Pacific Southwest AirlinesPacific Southwest AirlinesPacific Southwest Airlines was a United States airline headquartered in San Diego, California, that operated from 1949 to 1988. It was one of the first large discount airlines in the United States and is considered a precursor to Southwest Airlines...
YS-11 crash landed in the desert 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of Borrego SpringsBorrego Springs, CaliforniaBorrego Springs is a census-designated place in San Diego County, California. The population was 3,429 at the 2010 census, up from 2,535 at the 2000 census. Many residents are seasonal while others remain year round...
, CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
while on a training flight. Aircraft was written off.
- 6 November 1974, a Reeve Aleutian AirwaysReeve Aleutian AirwaysReeve Aleutian Airways was an airline headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It ceased operations on December 5, 2000.-Founding:...
YS-11 was written off in a hangar fire at Anchorage, AlaskaAlaskaAlaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
.
- 28 May 1975, TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 621 was damaged beyond repair in a landing accident at Osaka International AirportOsaka International Airportor Osaka-Itami International Airport is the primary domestic airport for the Kansai region of Japan, including the major cities of Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe. It is classified as a first class airport....
when a tyre burst and the aircraft departed the runway.
- 23 November 1976, an Olympic Airlines YS-11 flew into mountain Metaxas near the village of Servia in KozaniKozaniKozani is a city in northern Greece, capital of Kozani regional unit and of West Macedonia region. It is located in the western part of Macedonia, in the northern part of the Aliakmonas river valley...
, Greece, in low clouds and almost zero visibility. All four crew and 46 passengers were killed.
- 29 April 1977, a Cruzeiro YS-11 departed the runway on landing at Ministro Victor Konder International AirportMinistro Victor Konder International AirportNavegantes-Ministro Victor Konder International Airport is the airport serving Navegantes, Brazil, as well as Itajaí, Camboriú, and Blumenau. It is named after the Itajaí-born Victor Konder , a Minister of Public Works , whose administration encouraged the birth of Brazilian commercial aviation...
, NavegantesNavegantesNavegantes is a coastal and tourist city located in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil.Ministro Victor Konder International Airport serves the popular beach resort of Balneário Camboriú, and other cities including Itajaí and Blumenau....
, Brazil.
- 17 July 1977, a Philippine AirlinesPhilippine AirlinesPhilippine Airlines, Inc. operating as Philippine Airlines, is a flag carrier of the Philippines. Headquartered in the Philippine National Bank Financial Center in Pasay City, the airline was founded in 1941 and is the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name...
YS-11 ditched on approach to Mactan-Cebu International AirportMactan-Cebu International AirportMactan-Cebu International Airport is a major international airport in the Visayas region of the Philippines. It is located in Lapu-Lapu City, Mactan Island, Metro Cebu and is the country's second primary gateway...
after an engine failure.
- 11 March 1983, Nihon Kinkyori Airlines Flight 497 undershot the runway at Nakashibetsu Airport, Japan.
- 13 January 1987, a Mid Pacific AirMid Pacific AirMid Pacific Air was founded in 1981 as a low-cost regional airline serving Hawaii. Routes connected the islands of Kauai, O'ahu, Maui and Hawaii . Its primary competitors were the existing regional carriers, Hawaiian Airlines and Aloha Airlines...
YS-11 force landed in a field at RemingtonRemington, IndianaRemington is a town in Carpenter Township, Jasper County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,185 at the 2010 census.-History:Remington was first laid out in 1860 by Jesse H. Fordice. It was originally called Carpenter Station, after Carpenter's Creek where a railroad station had been...
, IndianaIndianaIndiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...
after both engines were mismanaged.
- 10 January 1988, TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 670 overran the runway at Miho-Yonago AirportMiho-Yonago Airport-Access:The airport is connected to various locations by bus. Also, there is a railway line, the Sakai Line, which connects the airport with the Yonago Station and Sakaiminato Station.-References:...
, Yonago, Japan after a rejected take-off and ended up in the sea. Aircraft had not been de-iced prior to take-off.
- 15 March 1989, a Mid Pacific Air YS-11 undershot the runway at Purdue University AirportPurdue University AirportPurdue University Airport is a public-use airport in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. Owned by Purdue University, the airport is southwest of the central business district of Lafayette, in West Lafayette...
, Lafayette, IndianaLafayette, IndianaLafayette is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, northwest of Indianapolis. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 67,140. West Lafayette, on the other side of the Wabash River, is home to Purdue University, which has a large impact on...
due to loss of pitch control caused by icing on the tail. The aircraft was on a positionig flight, both crew members were killed.
- 6 March 1992, an Airborne ExpressAirborne ExpressAirborne Express was an express delivery company and cargo airline. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, its hub was at Wilmington, Ohio.Airborne was founded as the Airborne Flower Traffic Association of California in 1946 to fly flowers from the state of Hawaii to US Mainland.Airborne Express...
YS-11 made a wheels-up landing at Clinton AirportClinton AirportClinton Airport is a privately-owned, public-use airport located north of the central business district of Clinton, a city in Vermillion County, Indiana, United States.- Facilities and aircraft :...
, Clinton, IndianaClinton, IndianaClinton is a city in Vermillion County, Indiana, United States. The population was 4,893 at the 2010 census. The city was established in 1829 and is named after DeWitt Clinton, who served as governor of New York from 1817 to 1823. Many of Clinton's original settlers were immigrants working in coal...
while on a training flight due to pilot error.
- 24 June 1992, an Air PhilippinesAir PhilippinesAir Philippines Corporation, now operating as Airphil Express , is a low-cost airline based in Pasay City, in the Philippines. It operates both domestic and international scheduled services from Manila, Cebu, Davao and Zamboanga. The airline was re-branded for a number of times, first as Air...
YS-11 struck a ground power unit while taxying at Naga AirportNaga AirportNaga Airport is an airport serving the general area of Naga City, located in the province of Camarines Sur in the Philippines, as well as the city's metropolitan area...
, naga CityNaga CityThe City of Naga is a first class independent component city in the Philippines...
. Aircraft was destroyed in the subsequent fire.
- 16 February 2000, Air NipponAir Nippon, is a regional airline based in the Shiodome City Center complex in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. A wholly owned subsidiary of All Nippon Airways , it mainly operates short routes and flights to isolated islands in support of ANA's domestic services...
Flight 354 departed the runway at Okadama AirportOkadama Airportis an airport located in Okadamachō, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, north of the city center of Sapporo. Its scheduled airline service is limited to turboprop flights to other cities in Hokkaidō: larger aircraft use New Chitose Airport, south of the city...
, Sapporo, Japan and collided with a bank of snow.
- 3 November 2001, a YS-11 being prepared for delivery to an airline in BurundiBurundiBurundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
was destroyed by a fire caused by a stray firework at London Southend AirportLondon Southend AirportLondon Southend Airport or Southend Airport is a regional airport in the district of Rochford within Essex, England.During the 1960s, Southend was the third-busiest airport in the United Kingdom. It remained London's third-busiest airport in terms of passengers handled until the end of the 1970s,...
.
- 11 September 2005, Phuket Airlines Flight 326 departed the runway at Mae Sot AirportMae Sot AirportMae Sot Airport is an airport serving Mae Sot, a town in the Tak Province of Thailand.-Airlines and destinations:...
, ThailandThailandThailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
.
- 2 January 2008, Asian SpiritAsian SpiritZest Airways Inc. is an airline based in the Asian Aeronautics Hangar in the General Aviation Area in Pasay City, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It operates scheduled domestic and international tourist services, mainly feeder services linking Manila and Cebu with 24 domestic destinations in...
Flight 321 suffered an undercarriage collapse on landing at Masbate AirportMasbate AirportMoises R. Espinosa Airport , also known as Masbate Airport , is the airport serving the general area of Masbate City, located in the province of Masbate in the Philippines...
, Philippines.
- 28 September 2009, Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force YS-11M-A serial number 9044 overran the runway upon landing at Ozuki Air FieldOzuki Air Fieldis a military aerodrome of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force . It is located in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.-Accidents and incidents:...
and was substantially damaged.
Specifications (YS-11A-200)