NFKBIE
Encyclopedia
Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, epsilon, also known as NFKBIE, is a protein
which in humans is encoded by the NFKBIE gene
.
. NFKBIE is able to inhibit NF-κB-directed transactivation
via cytoplasmic retention of REL
proteins.
NFKB1
or NFKB2
is bound to REL
, RELA
, or RELB
to form the NF-κB transcription factor
complex. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA or NFKBIB
), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm
. Phosphorylation
of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, or IKBKB) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. Activated NFKB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For some genes, activation requires NFKB interaction with other transcription factors, such as STAT (see STAT6
), AP-1
(JUN
), and NFAT (see NFATC1
).
with NFKB2
, RELA
, NFKB1
and REL
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
which in humans is encoded by the NFKBIE gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
NFKBIE protein expression is up-regulated following NF-κB activation and during myelopoiesisMyelopoiesis
Myelopoiesis is the regulated formation of myeloid cells, including eosinophilic granulocytes, basophilic granulocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, and monocytes...
. NFKBIE is able to inhibit NF-κB-directed transactivation
Transactivation
In molecular biology and genetics, transactivation is an increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means.- Natural transactivation :...
via cytoplasmic retention of REL
REL
The proto-oncogene c-Rel is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REL gene. The c-Rel protein is a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors and contains a Rel homology domain at its N-terminus and two C-terminal transactivation domains. c-Rel has an important role in B-cell...
proteins.
NFKB1
NFKB1
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene.This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and...
or NFKB2
NFKB2
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene.-Interactions:NFKB2 has been shown to interact with NFKBIE, BCL3, MAP3K8, BTRC, RELA, RELB, NFKB1, REL and TSC22D3.-Further reading:...
is bound to REL
REL
The proto-oncogene c-Rel is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REL gene. The c-Rel protein is a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors and contains a Rel homology domain at its N-terminus and two C-terminal transactivation domains. c-Rel has an important role in B-cell...
, RELA
RELA
Transcription factor p65 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.-Interactions:RELA has been shown to interact with NFKBIB, ETHE1, NFKBIE, RFC1, TRIB3, CREB binding protein, Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Glucocorticoid receptor, MTPN, BRCA1, C-Fos, POU2F1, BTRC, TATA-binding...
, or RELB
RELB
Transcription factor RelB is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELB gene.-Interactions:RELB has been shown to interact with NFKB2 and NFKB1.-References:...
to form the NF-κB transcription factor
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA...
complex. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA or NFKBIB
NFKBIB
NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKBIB gene.-Interactions:NFKBIB has been shown to interact with RELA, Retinoid X receptor alpha and IKK2.-Further reading:...
), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a small gel-like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures , except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms are contained within the cytoplasm...
. Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, or IKBKB) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. Activated NFKB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For some genes, activation requires NFKB interaction with other transcription factors, such as STAT (see STAT6
STAT6
STAT6 is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors.In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell...
), AP-1
AP-1 (transcription factor)
In the field of molecular biology, the activator protein 1 is a transcription factor which is a heterodimeric protein composed of proteins belonging to the c-Fos, c-Jun, ATF and JDP families. It regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors,...
(JUN
C-jun
c-Jun is the name of a gene and protein that, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the c-jun gene. It is activated through double phosphorylation by the...
), and NFAT (see NFATC1
NFATC1
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC1 gene.-Further reading:- External links :...
).
Interactions
NFKBIE has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with NFKB2
NFKB2
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene.-Interactions:NFKB2 has been shown to interact with NFKBIE, BCL3, MAP3K8, BTRC, RELA, RELB, NFKB1, REL and TSC22D3.-Further reading:...
, RELA
RELA
Transcription factor p65 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.-Interactions:RELA has been shown to interact with NFKBIB, ETHE1, NFKBIE, RFC1, TRIB3, CREB binding protein, Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Glucocorticoid receptor, MTPN, BRCA1, C-Fos, POU2F1, BTRC, TATA-binding...
, NFKB1
NFKB1
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene.This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and...
and REL
REL
The proto-oncogene c-Rel is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REL gene. The c-Rel protein is a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors and contains a Rel homology domain at its N-terminus and two C-terminal transactivation domains. c-Rel has an important role in B-cell...
.