Nannerl Notenbuch
Encyclopedia
The Nannerl Notenbuch, or Notenbuch für Nannerl (English: Nannerl's Music Book) is a book in which Leopold Mozart
, from 1759
to about 1764
, wrote pieces for his daughter, Maria Anna Mozart
(known as 'Nannerl'), to learn and play. His son Wolfgang
also used the book, in which his earliest compositions were recorded (some penned by his father). The book contains simple short keyboard
(typically harpsichord
) pieces, suitable for beginners; there are many anonymous minuet
s, some works by Leopold, and a few other composers including Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
and the Austrian
composer Georg Christoph Wagenseil
. There are also some technical exercises, a table of intervals
, and some modulating
figured bass
es. The notebook originally contained 48 bound pages of music paper, but only 36 pages remain, with some of the missing 12 pages identified in other collections.
on each page. Inscribed with the words Pour le clavecin (French: For the harpsichord), it was presented to Nannerl on the occasion of her eighth name day
on 26 July 1759 (or possibly her eighth birthday, which fell on the 30th or 31st day of the same month). Over the course of the next four years or so, the notebook was gradually filled with pieces written out by Leopold and two or three anonymous Salzburg
copyists. Wolfgang is thought to have written out four pieces. Curiously none of the pieces was inscribed by Nannerl herself.
In later years, twelve individual pages were removed from the notebook for one reason or another. Of these, four are now considered lost, but the remaining eight have been identified by Alan Tyson (1987):
The four lost pages have been tentatively reconstructed using a variety of other sources (Nannerl's letters and Georg Nissen's
biography of Mozart). It is believed that in its completed state the Notenbuch contained a total of 64 pieces (including exercises and unfinished compositions), of which 52 are in the surviving 36 pages of the book.
Wolfgang Plath (1982) has deduced the existence of five scribes, from a study of the handwriting in the Notenbuch. In addition to Leopold and Wolfgang, three anonymous scribes from Salzburg
– known as Anonymous I, Anonymous II and Anonymous III – have been identified. Numbers 58 and 61, thought to be in the four missing pages, are known only from Nissen's material; Plath assumed that these two pieces were copied out by Leopold, who was responsible for more than half the contents of the Notenbuch.
The Notenbuch provides evidence of the collaboration between the young Wolfgang and his father. For example, number 48 is an arrangement of the third movement of Leopold's D major serenade, but the trio also appears as Menuet II in Wolfgang's Sonata K. 6.
The Notenbuch is also useful in providing evidence of Leopold's approach to teaching music. The tables of intervals show that he taught music theory
to his children from the start. It seems that he also taught composition
from the outset, by means of a given bass line, a melody to be varied, a melody to be continued, and a structural model.
The earliest compositions by Wolfgang are written in Leopold's hand; the father's gentle suggestions for amendments came later.
This piece of music was probably Mozart's first ever composition. It is an extremely short piece, consisting of just 10 measures
, and was notated by the composer's father, Leopold
, as Wolfgang was only five years old when he composed it.
It is normally performed on the harpsichord
and is in the key
of C
. The piece opens with a one-bar phrase
in 3/4 time, which is then repeated. A second, modified phrase receives the same treatment. The time signature then changes to 2/4 and in the following four measures Mozart reverts to a typically Baroque style. The piece concludes with a simple authentic cadence.
This is an extremely short piece, consisting of only twelve measures. It was notated by Mozart's father, Leopold
, as Wolfgang was only five years old when he composed it.
It is normally performed on the harpsichord
, and is in the key of C. As the tempo indicates, it is a fast and lively piece. Unlike K. 1a, this piece is not based on repeated phrases. It begins with an ascending scale in the right hand from the dominant
(G) to the mediant
(E) on the first and third beats of the bars, while the left hand adds a counterpoint on the off beats. After reaching a peak, the right hand drops down in a series of quarter note
s and eighth note
s, accompanied by a very simple bass part. Curiously, the final cadence takes place between the eighth and ninth measures: in the last four measures, which make up a quarter of the entire composition, Mozart rings various changes on an unadorned C major triad.
Another very short piece, K. 1c runs to twenty-four measures (including repeats). It was composed by Wolfgang on 11 December 1761
in Salzburg
. It was notated by Mozart's father, Leopold
, as Wolfgang was just five years old at the time.
This piece was written for the harpsichord
and is usually performed on that instrument today, though other keyboard instrument
s may be used. This Allegro is Mozart's earliest extant piece in F major
. Like K. 1b, it is in a fast tempo
. It is in rounded binary form, with repeat signs at the end of each of the sections: ||:A:||:BA:||, where A and B each consists of four bars. The music is simple and classical in style. This piece has been compared to a "jolly south German folkdance".
This minuet
in F is another very short piece in extended binary form. The first section is just eight measures long and the second section twelve; both are marked with repeat signs. K. 1d was notated by Leopold Mozart
; Wolfgang was five years old when he composed this piece.
It was written for the harpsichord
and is usually performed on that instrument, though other keyboard instrument
s may be used. This dance is Mozart's earliest extant composition in minuet form. As a minuet it is, by definition, stately in feeling and written in 3/4 time
. Like all Mozart's compositions in the Notenbuch, the clearest influences on the style are to be found in the pieces he was studying by Leopold Mozart and Georg Christoph Wagenseil
.
It comprises several phrases each beginning with chords, after which broken chord
s and triplet
s are used.
An extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), it was likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart
, since Wolfgang was five or six years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord
and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instrument
s may be used. This minuet in G major
is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet, it is relatively fast in 3/4 time
. Unlike K. 1d, it is far less influenced by the baroque
style.
It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, a contrasting trio, and reprise of the original.
, since Wolfgang was only five or six years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord
and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instrument
s may be used. This minuet
is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet it is relatively fast in 3/4 time
. It is, unlike K. 1d far less influenced by the baroque
style.
It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, contrasting trio, and a reprise of the original. It was, in Köchel's first catalogue listed as K. 1 along with Minuet in G, K. 1e.
The final surviving piece in the Nannerl Notenbuch, of which only a fragment is left. It runs for 61 measures (including repeats) and usually performed on the Harpsichord
, though other keyboard instruments may be used.
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
, from 1759
1759 in music
- Events :*Johann Friedrich Agricola succeeds Carl Heinrich Graun as director of Frederick the Great's royal opera.*Castrato Gaspare Pacchierotti makes his debut at the Perugia carnival, in a female role.*Tommaso Traetta becomes court composer at Parma....
to about 1764
1764 in music
- Events :* Wilhelm Friedemann Bach leaves his post as organist at Halle.*Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart becomes a pupil of Johann Christian Bach.- Classical music :*Joseph Haydn – Symphony no 22 *Michael Haydn – Trumpet Concerto...
, wrote pieces for his daughter, Maria Anna Mozart
Maria Anna Mozart
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart , nicknamed "Nannerl", was a musician, the older sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and daughter of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart.-Childhood:...
(known as 'Nannerl'), to learn and play. His son Wolfgang
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music...
also used the book, in which his earliest compositions were recorded (some penned by his father). The book contains simple short keyboard
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
(typically harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
) pieces, suitable for beginners; there are many anonymous minuet
Minuet
A minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...
s, some works by Leopold, and a few other composers including Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
right|250pxCarl Philipp Emanuel Bach was a German Classical period musician and composer, the fifth child and second son of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach...
and the Austrian
Austrians
Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....
composer Georg Christoph Wagenseil
Georg Christoph Wagenseil
Georg Christoph Wagenseil was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, and became a favorite pupil of the Vienna court'sKapellmeister, Johann Joseph Fux. Wagenseil himself composed for the...
. There are also some technical exercises, a table of intervals
Interval (music)
In music theory, an interval is a combination of two notes, or the ratio between their frequencies. Two-note combinations are also called dyads...
, and some modulating
Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is most commonly the act or process of changing from one key to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature. Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest...
figured bass
Figured bass
Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones, in relation to a bass note...
es. The notebook originally contained 48 bound pages of music paper, but only 36 pages remain, with some of the missing 12 pages identified in other collections.
Description of the Notenbuch
Originally the Notenbuch was a bound volume comprising forty-eight pages of blank music paper, with eight stavesStaff (music)
In standard Western musical notation, the staff, or stave, is a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch—or, in the case of a percussion staff, different percussion instruments. Appropriate music symbols, depending upon the intended effect,...
on each page. Inscribed with the words Pour le clavecin (French: For the harpsichord), it was presented to Nannerl on the occasion of her eighth name day
Name day
A name day is a tradition in many countries in Europe and Latin America that consists of celebrating the day of the year associated with one's given name....
on 26 July 1759 (or possibly her eighth birthday, which fell on the 30th or 31st day of the same month). Over the course of the next four years or so, the notebook was gradually filled with pieces written out by Leopold and two or three anonymous Salzburg
Salzburg
-Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...
copyists. Wolfgang is thought to have written out four pieces. Curiously none of the pieces was inscribed by Nannerl herself.
In later years, twelve individual pages were removed from the notebook for one reason or another. Of these, four are now considered lost, but the remaining eight have been identified by Alan Tyson (1987):
- two pages in the Bibliothèque NationaleBibliothèque nationale de FranceThe is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
, Paris; - one in the Museum Carolino AugusteumSalzburg MuseumHoused in the Neuen Residenz , the Salzburg Museum is the museum of artistic and cultural history for the city and region of Salzburg. It originated as the Provincialmuseum and was also previously known as the Museum Carolino-Augusteum.-Origins:The Salzburg museum was set up in the early 1800's,...
, Salzburg; - two in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City;
- one in the UniversitätsbibliothekUniversity of LeipzigThe University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second-oldest university in Germany...
, Leipzig; - one survives only as a facsimile and consists of the opening measures of K. 5b;
- one, now in a private collection, consists of a single leaf containing the rest of K. 5b.
The four lost pages have been tentatively reconstructed using a variety of other sources (Nannerl's letters and Georg Nissen's
Georg Nikolaus von Nissen
Georg Nikolaus von Nissen was a Danish diplomat and music historian...
biography of Mozart). It is believed that in its completed state the Notenbuch contained a total of 64 pieces (including exercises and unfinished compositions), of which 52 are in the surviving 36 pages of the book.
Wolfgang Plath (1982) has deduced the existence of five scribes, from a study of the handwriting in the Notenbuch. In addition to Leopold and Wolfgang, three anonymous scribes from Salzburg
Salzburg
-Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...
– known as Anonymous I, Anonymous II and Anonymous III – have been identified. Numbers 58 and 61, thought to be in the four missing pages, are known only from Nissen's material; Plath assumed that these two pieces were copied out by Leopold, who was responsible for more than half the contents of the Notenbuch.
The Notenbuch provides evidence of the collaboration between the young Wolfgang and his father. For example, number 48 is an arrangement of the third movement of Leopold's D major serenade, but the trio also appears as Menuet II in Wolfgang's Sonata K. 6.
The Notenbuch is also useful in providing evidence of Leopold's approach to teaching music. The tables of intervals show that he taught music theory
Music theory
Music theory is the study of how music works. It examines the language and notation of music. It seeks to identify patterns and structures in composers' techniques across or within genres, styles, or historical periods...
to his children from the start. It seems that he also taught composition
Musical composition
Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating a new piece of music. People who practice composition are called composers.- Musical compositions :...
from the outset, by means of a given bass line, a melody to be varied, a melody to be continued, and a structural model.
The earliest compositions by Wolfgang are written in Leopold's hand; the father's gentle suggestions for amendments came later.
Wolfgang Mozart's compositions in the book
The Notenbuch contains the following pieces by Wolfgang:Andante in C, K. 1a
This piece of music was probably Mozart's first ever composition. It is an extremely short piece, consisting of just 10 measures
Bar (music)
In musical notation, a bar is a segment of time defined by a given number of beats of a given duration. Typically, a piece consists of several bars of the same length, and in modern musical notation the number of beats in each bar is specified at the beginning of the score by the top number of a...
, and was notated by the composer's father, Leopold
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
, as Wolfgang was only five years old when he composed it.
It is normally performed on the harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
and is in the key
Key (music)
In music theory, the term key is used in many different and sometimes contradictory ways. A common use is to speak of music as being "in" a specific key, such as in the key of C major or in the key of F-sharp. Sometimes the terms "major" or "minor" are appended, as in the key of A minor or in the...
of C
C major
C major is a musical major scale based on C, with pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature has no flats/sharps.Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor....
. The piece opens with a one-bar phrase
Phrase (music)
In music and music theory, phrase and phrasing are concepts and practices related to grouping consecutive melodic notes, both in their composition and performance...
in 3/4 time, which is then repeated. A second, modified phrase receives the same treatment. The time signature then changes to 2/4 and in the following four measures Mozart reverts to a typically Baroque style. The piece concludes with a simple authentic cadence.
Allegro in C, K. 1b
This is an extremely short piece, consisting of only twelve measures. It was notated by Mozart's father, Leopold
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
, as Wolfgang was only five years old when he composed it.
It is normally performed on the harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
, and is in the key of C. As the tempo indicates, it is a fast and lively piece. Unlike K. 1a, this piece is not based on repeated phrases. It begins with an ascending scale in the right hand from the dominant
Dominant (music)
In music, the dominant is the fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, called "dominant" because it is next in importance to the tonic,and a dominant chord is any chord built upon that pitch, using the notes of the same diatonic scale...
(G) to the mediant
Mediant
In music, the mediant is the third scale degree of the diatonic scale, being the note halfway between the tonic and the dominant. Similarly, the submediant is halfway between the tonic and subdominant...
(E) on the first and third beats of the bars, while the left hand adds a counterpoint on the off beats. After reaching a peak, the right hand drops down in a series of quarter note
Quarter note
A quarter note or crotchet is a note played for one quarter of the duration of a whole note . Often people will say that a crotchet is one beat, however, this is not always correct, as the beat is indicated by the time signature of the music; a quarter note may or may not be the beat...
s and eighth note
Eighth note
thumb|180px|right|Figure 1. An eighth note with stem facing up, an eighth note with stem facing down, and an eighth rest.thumb|right|180px|Figure 2. Four eighth notes beamed together....
s, accompanied by a very simple bass part. Curiously, the final cadence takes place between the eighth and ninth measures: in the last four measures, which make up a quarter of the entire composition, Mozart rings various changes on an unadorned C major triad.
Allegro in F, K. 1c
Another very short piece, K. 1c runs to twenty-four measures (including repeats). It was composed by Wolfgang on 11 December 1761
1761 in music
- Events :*Francesco Geminiani visits Dublin, where he is robbed of a valuable manuscript.*Domenico Cimarosa enters the Conservatorio di Santa Maria di Loreto.*Joseph Haydn enters the service of the Esterházy family- Opera :...
in Salzburg
Salzburg
-Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...
. It was notated by Mozart's father, Leopold
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
, as Wolfgang was just five years old at the time.
This piece was written for the harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
and is usually performed on that instrument today, though other keyboard instrument
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
s may be used. This Allegro is Mozart's earliest extant piece in F major
F major
F major is a musical major scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat . It is by far the oldest key signature with an accidental, predating the others by hundreds of years...
. Like K. 1b, it is in a fast tempo
Tempo
In musical terminology, tempo is the speed or pace of a given piece. Tempo is a crucial element of any musical composition, as it can affect the mood and difficulty of a piece.-Measuring tempo:...
. It is in rounded binary form, with repeat signs at the end of each of the sections: ||:A:||:BA:||, where A and B each consists of four bars. The music is simple and classical in style. This piece has been compared to a "jolly south German folkdance".
Minuet in F, K. 1d
This minuet
Minuet
A minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...
in F is another very short piece in extended binary form. The first section is just eight measures long and the second section twelve; both are marked with repeat signs. K. 1d was notated by Leopold Mozart
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
; Wolfgang was five years old when he composed this piece.
It was written for the harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
and is usually performed on that instrument, though other keyboard instrument
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
s may be used. This dance is Mozart's earliest extant composition in minuet form. As a minuet it is, by definition, stately in feeling and written in 3/4 time
Time signature
The time signature is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats are in each measure and which note value constitutes one beat....
. Like all Mozart's compositions in the Notenbuch, the clearest influences on the style are to be found in the pieces he was studying by Leopold Mozart and Georg Christoph Wagenseil
Georg Christoph Wagenseil
Georg Christoph Wagenseil was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, and became a favorite pupil of the Vienna court'sKapellmeister, Johann Joseph Fux. Wagenseil himself composed for the...
.
It comprises several phrases each beginning with chords, after which broken chord
Arpeggio
An arpeggio is a musical technique where notes in a chord are played or sung in sequence, one after the other, rather than ringing out simultaneously...
s and triplet
Tuplet
In music a tuplet is "any rhythm that involves dividing the beat into a different number of equal subdivisions from that usually permitted by the...
s are used.
Minuet in G, K. 1e
An extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), it was likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
, since Wolfgang was five or six years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instrument
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
s may be used. This minuet in G major
G major
G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Its key signature has one sharp, F; in treble-clef key signatures, the sharp-symbol for F is usually placed on the first line from the top, though in some Baroque music it is placed on the first space from the bottom...
is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet, it is relatively fast in 3/4 time
Time signature
The time signature is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats are in each measure and which note value constitutes one beat....
. Unlike K. 1d, it is far less influenced by the baroque
Baroque
The Baroque is a period and the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music...
style.
It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, a contrasting trio, and reprise of the original.
Minuet in C, K. 1f
An extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), it was likely notated by his father, Leopold MozartLeopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of...
, since Wolfgang was only five or six years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instrument
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
s may be used. This minuet
Minuet
A minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...
is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet it is relatively fast in 3/4 time
Time signature
The time signature is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats are in each measure and which note value constitutes one beat....
. It is, unlike K. 1d far less influenced by the baroque
Baroque music
Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1760. This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era...
style.
It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, contrasting trio, and a reprise of the original. It was, in Köchel's first catalogue listed as K. 1 along with Minuet in G, K. 1e.
Minuet in F, K. 2
This piece, dated "Salzburg, January 1762", consists of a single bar motif which is developed into an eight-bar exposition, which is repeated, and then modulated for another eight bars before being repeated again.Andante in B-flat, K. 5b
The final surviving piece in the Nannerl Notenbuch, of which only a fragment is left. It runs for 61 measures (including repeats) and usually performed on the Harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...
, though other keyboard instruments may be used.
Table of contents
The following table summarizes the contents of the Notenbuch.| No. | Piece | Copyist | Composer | K. | Added comments | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Menuett in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 2 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 3 | Menuett in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 4 | Menuett in G | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 5 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 6 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 7 | Menuett in D | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 8 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | Diese vorgehenden 8 Menuetten hat d. Wolfgangerl im 4ten Jahr gelernet (Wolfgang learned the preceding 8 minuets in his 4th year) |
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| 9 | Menuett in A | Leopold Leopold Mozart Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a German composer, conductor, teacher, and violinist. Mozart is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.-Childhood and student years:He was born in Augsburg, son of... |
Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 10 | Menuett in D | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 11 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | Disen Menuet und Trio hat dr Wolfgangerl den 26ten Januarij 1761 einen Tag vor seinem 5ten Jahr um halbe 10 Uhr in einer halben Stund gelernet (Wolfgang learned this minuet and trio in half-an-hour around 9:30 on 26 January 1761, one day before his 5th birthday) |
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| 12 | Menuett in A | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 13 | Menuett in A | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 14 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 15 | Menuett in E | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 16 | Menuett in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 17 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Leopold | – | – | – |
| 18 | Menuett in B flat | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 19 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Wolfgang Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music... |
Diesen Menuet hat d. Wolfgangerl auch im vierten jahr seines alters gelernet (Wolfgang also learned this minuet when he was four years of age) |
K. 32 (Gallimathias musicum), No. 14, is an orchestral version of this piece | |
| 20 | Allegro in C | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | K. 5a | – | Probably added in 1764 |
| 21 | Menuett in C | Anonymous II | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 22 | Marsch in F (I) | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | den 4ten feb. 1761 vom Wolfgangerl gelernet Learned by Wolfgang on the 4 February 1761 |
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| 23 | Marsch in F (II) | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 24 | Allegro in B flat | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 8 | di Wolfgang Mozart à Paris le 21 Novb. 1763 by Wolfgang Mozart in Paris on 21 November 1763 1763 in music -Events:*July 9 - Mozart family grand tour: The family of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart sets out on a European tour, ending this year in Paris*The first public concert with a glass harmonica is performed by Marianne Davies... |
A piano version of the first movement of Violin Sonata No. 3 in B flat, K. 8 |
| 25 | Andante in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 6 | – | A piano version of the second movement of Violin Sonata No. 1 in C, K. 6 Probably written in Brussels Brussels Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union... in October 1763 |
| 26 | Menuett in C | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 6 | – | A piano version of Menuet I from the third movement of Violin Sonata No. 1 in C, K. 6 Probably written in Brussels in October 1763 |
| 27 | Allegro in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 28 | Allegro in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 29 | Klavierstück in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 30 | Allegro in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 31 | Scherzo in C | Anonymous I | Wagenseil Georg Christoph Wagenseil Georg Christoph Wagenseil was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, and became a favorite pupil of the Vienna court'sKapellmeister, Johann Joseph Fux. Wagenseil himself composed for the... |
– | del Sgr. Wagenseil (By Signore Wagenseil) |
– |
| 32 | Scherzo in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 33 | Allegro in F | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 34 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 35 | Tempo di menuetto in F | Anonymous II | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 36 | Allegro moderato in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 37 | Andante in B flat | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 38 | Andante in C | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 39 | Arietta con Variazioni in A | – | – | – | ||
| 40 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 41 | Allegro in G | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 42 | Allegro in G minor | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 43 | Presto in A | Anonymous III | J. N. Tischer | – | – | – |
| 44 | Polonaise Polonaise The polonaise is a slow dance of Polish origin, in 3/4 time. Its name is French for "Polish."The polonaise had a rhythm quite close to that of the Swedish semiquaver or sixteenth-note polska, and the two dances have a common origin.... in F |
Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 45 | Allegro in E minor | Leopold | J. J. Agrell | – | – | – |
| 46 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 6 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 14 octob. (by Wolfgang Mozart on 14 October) |
A piano version of the first movement of Violin Sonata No. 1, K. 6 Probably composed in Brussels in 1763 |
| 47 | Menuett in D | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 7 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 30ten Novbr. 1763 à Paris (by Wolfgang Mozart in Paris in 1763) |
A piano version of Menuet I from Violin Sonata No. 2 in D, K. 7 |
| 48 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 6 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 16ten Julÿ 1762 (by Wolfgang Mozart on 16 July 1762 1762 in music - Events :*Johann Christian Bach composing for the King's Theatre in London; here he meets Carl Friedrich Abel for the first time.*Michael Haydn moves to Salzburg, to become Konzertmeister to the Archbishop.... ) |
A piano version of the third movement of Leopold's Serenade in D and Menuet II from the third movement of Wolfgang's Violin Sonata No. 1 in C Composed in Salzburg |
| 49 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 4 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 11ten Maÿ 1762 (by Wolfgang Mozart on 11 May 1762 1762 in music - Events :*Johann Christian Bach composing for the King's Theatre in London; here he meets Carl Friedrich Abel for the first time.*Michael Haydn moves to Salzburg, to become Konzertmeister to the Archbishop.... ) |
Minuet in F, K. 4 Composed in Salzburg |
| 50 | Klavierstück in G | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Fragment |
| 51 | Konzertsatz in G | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 52 | Fünf technische Übungen | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Exercise: Five technical exercises |
| 53 | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 1a | – | – | |
| 54 | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 1b | – | – | |
| 55 | Allegro in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 1c | – | – |
| 56 | Minuet in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 1d | Menuetto del Sgr. Wolfgango Mozart 16to Decembris 1761 (Minuet by Wolfgang Mozart on 16 December 1761) |
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| 57 | Intervalltabelle | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Exercise: a table of musical intervals |
| 58 | Menuett in F | Leopold? | Wolfgang | K. 2 | – | Minuet in F, K. 2 |
| 59 | Allegro in B flat | Leopold | Wolfgang | K. 3 | del Sgr. Wolfgango Mozart 1762. d. 4ten Martij (by Wolfgang Mozart on 4 March 1762 1762 in music - Events :*Johann Christian Bach composing for the King's Theatre in London; here he meets Carl Friedrich Abel for the first time.*Michael Haydn moves to Salzburg, to become Konzertmeister to the Archbishop.... ) |
Allegro in B flat, K. 3 Composed in Salzburg |
| 60 | Drei modulierende Generalbaßübungen | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Exercise: 3 modulating general basses Figured bass Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones, in relation to a bass note... |
| 61 | Menuett in F | Leopold? | Wolfgang | K. 5 | 5. Juli 1762 5 July 1762 |
Minuet in F, K. 5 Composed in Salzburg |
| 62 | Menuett in G | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | K. 1e | – | Minuet in G, K. 1e Probably added in 1764 |
| 63 | Menuett in C | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | K. 1f | – | Minuet in C, K. 1f Probably added in 1764 |
| 64 | Andante in B flat | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | K. 5b | – | Fragment of an Andante in B flat, K. 5b (KV 9b in K1) Probably added in 1764 |