Narol
Encyclopedia
Narol ' is a town in Podkarpacie Voivodeship
, in Lubaczów County
, Poland
. It had a population of 2,109 as of 2009. Narol is situated in the northeast of Podkarpackie region, in an area called Narolschyzna. The town of Narol regained the rank of 'city' in 1996.
.
The army of the cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky
(c. 1595-1657) attacked the town on their way to Zamość
. After a few days of siege, the town was overrun and burned to the ground by Khmelnytsky's forces. Twenty thousand people died during those fights, among them Florian Washch, the owner of the town. A new town was built, somewhat west of the original location, "on a field" - hence "na roli". The new settlement assumed the new name Narol. In 1672 a great Hetman
, Jan Sobieski, won a battle with the Tatars
nearby. Later Sobieski became the Polish king.
Near the palace there was an Italian
garden. Count Los` was an avid collector of old writings, correspondence and manuscripts, and paintings of the Italian and Dutch
schools. He accumulated one of the largest libraries in Poland at that time. He founded a drama and music school for children from more affluent families. That was located on premises of the palace. The palace was considered one of the most beautiful in the whole country. After his death all of the collection was lost, with most of the library ending up in the hands of Count Jacob Potocki. In 1935 the books were donated to a public library in Warsaw.
(1863), the Palace in Narol was burnt by the Austrian army. Julian Puzyna, its later owner, rebuilt, but during World War I
Narol was burnt again and all the valuable things in the palace were removed by the Russian Army
. The last owner was Jadwiga Korytowska. She rebuilt parts of the palace, and owned it until September 1939. During World War II a small German Wehrmacht detachment was stationed in the palace.
After World War II
the palace was robbed and destroyed by Red Army. The land was nationalized by the communist government and divided between "The National Fund for Land", "The State Forests", and "The State Agricultural Farm". They took over the remains of the palace and used it as storage space for fertilizers. PGR was assumed by the company "IGLOOPOL" and another organization. Following the downfall of "IGLOOPOL" the property was taken over by the National Farming Agency.
In 1995 the palace and its surroundings became private property again. It now belongs to a Foundation, "Pro Academia Narolense", which was established to help reconstruct the palace. It now serves as a retreat for nationally renowned artists.
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...
, in Lubaczów County
Lubaczów County
Lubaczów County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. It had a population of 2,109 as of 2009. Narol is situated in the northeast of Podkarpackie region, in an area called Narolschyzna. The town of Narol regained the rank of 'city' in 1996.
History
The Belzhecki family owned the area where the town of Narol is situated. At the end of the 15th century the lands changed ownership to the Marcinkowski. Narol was first called Florianow, from the name of Florian Laszcz Nieledowski, who founded the town in 1596. Narol flourished because of trade with GdańskGdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
.
The army of the cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky was a hetman of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state...
(c. 1595-1657) attacked the town on their way to Zamość
Zamosc
Zamość ukr. Замостя is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants , situated in the south-western part of Lublin Voivodeship , about from Lublin, from Warsaw and from the border with Ukraine...
. After a few days of siege, the town was overrun and burned to the ground by Khmelnytsky's forces. Twenty thousand people died during those fights, among them Florian Washch, the owner of the town. A new town was built, somewhat west of the original location, "on a field" - hence "na roli". The new settlement assumed the new name Narol. In 1672 a great Hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
, Jan Sobieski, won a battle with the Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
nearby. Later Sobieski became the Polish king.
Count Los`
In 1758 Felix Anthony Los` (1737–1804) became the owner of Narol and a deputy and a general of the king's army. He opened a factory and a school in Narol. In 1776, he began construction a palace in the form of a horseshoe (the Los's coat of arms).Near the palace there was an Italian
Culture of Italy
From antiquity until the 16th century, Italy was at the centre of Western culture, fulcrum or origin of the Etruscan civilization, Ancient Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, Humanism and the Renaissance....
garden. Count Los` was an avid collector of old writings, correspondence and manuscripts, and paintings of the Italian and Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
schools. He accumulated one of the largest libraries in Poland at that time. He founded a drama and music school for children from more affluent families. That was located on premises of the palace. The palace was considered one of the most beautiful in the whole country. After his death all of the collection was lost, with most of the library ending up in the hands of Count Jacob Potocki. In 1935 the books were donated to a public library in Warsaw.
Recent events
During the January UprisingJanuary Uprising
The January Uprising was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire...
(1863), the Palace in Narol was burnt by the Austrian army. Julian Puzyna, its later owner, rebuilt, but during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
Narol was burnt again and all the valuable things in the palace were removed by the Russian Army
Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces are the land forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, formed from parts of the collapsing Soviet Army in 1992. The formation of these forces posed economic challenges after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and required reforms to professionalize the force...
. The last owner was Jadwiga Korytowska. She rebuilt parts of the palace, and owned it until September 1939. During World War II a small German Wehrmacht detachment was stationed in the palace.
After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the palace was robbed and destroyed by Red Army. The land was nationalized by the communist government and divided between "The National Fund for Land", "The State Forests", and "The State Agricultural Farm". They took over the remains of the palace and used it as storage space for fertilizers. PGR was assumed by the company "IGLOOPOL" and another organization. Following the downfall of "IGLOOPOL" the property was taken over by the National Farming Agency.
In 1995 the palace and its surroundings became private property again. It now belongs to a Foundation, "Pro Academia Narolense", which was established to help reconstruct the palace. It now serves as a retreat for nationally renowned artists.
Notable people
- Moses Kohn, Polish Jewish physician
- Tobias CohnTobias CohnTobias Cohn or Tobias Kohn was a Polish-Jewish physician of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries...
(, Toviyyah ben Moshe ha-Kohen) (1652–1729), a Polish-JewishHistory of the Jews in PolandThe history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a millennium. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jewish community in the world. Poland was the centre of Jewish culture thanks to a long period of statutory religious tolerance and social autonomy. This ended with the...
physician; born at Metz - Narol dynastyNarol (Hasidic dynasty)Narol is a dynasty of Hasidic rebbes originally based in the village of Narol, W. Galicia .The Naroler dynasty was founded by Rabbi Yaakov Reinman Narol is a dynasty of Hasidic rebbes originally based in the village of Narol, W. Galicia (now Poland).The Naroler dynasty was founded by Rabbi Yaakov...
and ShapiraShapiraShapira is a surname, and may refer to:* Anita Shapira* Avraham Shapira, rabbi* Benjamin Shapira, Israeli biochemist.* Berechiah Berak ben Isaac Eisik Shapira, 17th-century rabbi* David Shapira* Haim-Moshe Shapira, Israeli politician...
rabbinic family