National Scenic Byway
Encyclopedia
A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation
United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation is a federal Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with transportation. It was established by an act of Congress on October 15, 1966, and began operation on April 1, 1967...

 for its archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, and/or scenic qualities. The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development. The program is administered by the Federal Highway Administration
Federal Highway Administration
The Federal Highway Administration is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation. The agency's major activities are grouped into two "programs," the Federal-aid Highway Program and the Federal Lands Highway Program...

.

The most scenic of the roads in the program are designated All-American Roads. The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are scenic enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves. As of November 2010, there are 120 National Scenic Byways and 31 All-American Roads, located in 46 states (all except Hawaii, Nebraska, Rhode Island, and Texas).

Requirements

National Scenic Byways must go through a nomination procedure, and must already be designated as a state scenic byway in order to be nominated (However, roads that meet all criteria and requirements for National designation but not State or designation criteria may be considered for national designation on a case-by-case basis).

To be considered for designation as a National Scenic Byway "a road or highway must significantly meet at least one of the six scenic byways intrinsic qualities". To be designated as an All-American Road, a road must meet at least two of the six qualities. The qualities are:
  • Scenic Quality is the heightened visual experience derived from the view of natural and manmade elements of the visual environment of the scenic byway corridor. The characteristics of the landscape are strikingly distinct and offer a pleasing and most memorable visual experience.
  • Natural Quality applies to those features in the visual environment that are in a relatively undisturbed state. These features predate the arrival of human populations and may include geological formations, fossils, landform, water bodies, vegetation, and wildlife. There may be evidence of human activity, but the natural features reveal minimal disturbances.
  • Historic Quality encompasses legacies of the past that are distinctly associated with physical elements of the landscape, whether natural or manmade, that are of such historic significance that they educate the viewer and stir an appreciation for the past. The historic elements reflect the actions of people and may include buildings, settlement patterns, and other examples of human activity.
  • Cultural Quality is evidence and expressions of the customs or traditions of a distinct group of people. Cultural features include, but are not limited to, crafts, music, dance, rituals, festivals, speech, food, special events, or vernacular architecture.
  • Archeological Quality involves those characteristics of the scenic byways corridor that are physical evidence of historic or prehistoric human life or activity. The scenic byway corridor's archeological interest, as identified through ruins, artifacts, structural remains, and other physical evidence have scientific significance that educate the viewer and stir an appreciation for the past.
  • Recreational Quality involves outdoor recreational activities directly association with and dependent upon the natural and cultural elements of the corridor's landscape. The recreational activities provide opportunities for active and passive recreational experiences. They include, but are not limited to, downhill skiing, rafting, boating, fishing, and hiking. Driving the road itself may qualify as a pleasurable recreational experience. The recreational activities may be seasonal, but the quality and importance of the recreational activities as seasonal operations must be well recognized.


A "corridor management plan" must also be developed, with community involvement, and the plan "should provide for the conservation and enhancement of the byway's intrinsic qualities as well as the promotion of tourism and economic development". The plan includes, but is not limited to:
  • A map identifying the corridor boundaries and the location of intrinsic qualities and different land uses within the corridor.
  • A strategy for maintaining and enhancing those intrinsic qualities.
  • A strategy describing how existing development might be enhanced and new development might be accommodated while still preserving the intrinsic qualities of the corridor.
  • A general review of the road's or highway's safety and accident record to identify any correctable faults in highway design, maintenance, or operation.
  • A signage plan that demonstrates how the State will insure and make the number and placement of signs more supportive of the visitor experience.
  • A narrative describing how the National Scenic Byway will be positioned for marketing.


Corridor management plans for All-American Roads must also include:
  • A narrative on how the All-American Road would be promoted, interpreted, and marketed in order to attract travelers, especially those from other countries.
  • A plan to encourage the accommodation of increased tourism, if this is projected. Some demonstration that the roadway, lodging and dining facilities, roadside rest areas, and other tourist necessities will be adequate for the number of visitors induced by the byway's designation as an All-American Road.
  • A plan for addressing multi-lingual information needs.


The final step is when the highway (or highways) is approved for designation by the Secretary of Transportation.

List of byways

Type Name Image States Description Designated
NSB A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway Florida Follows Atlantic coast
Atlantic Coast
The Atlantic Coast is any coast fronting the Atlantic Ocean. The term differentiates the coasts of countries or continents with coastlines on more than one body of water, such as North America, South America, Africa and Europe.-See also:*Indian Ocean...

 barrier island
Barrier island
Barrier islands, a coastal landform and a type of barrier system, are relatively narrow strips of sand that parallel the mainland coast. They usually occur in chains, consisting of anything from a few islands to more than a dozen...

s
2002-06-13
AAR Acadia Byway Maine Scenic drive past mountains on the Maine shore
Acadia National Park
Acadia National Park is a National Park located in the U.S. state of Maine. It reserves much of Mount Desert Island, and associated smaller islands, off the Atlantic coast...

2000-06-15 (AAR)
NSB Alabama’s Coastal Connection Alabama Scenic drive along the Gulf coast 2009-10-16
AAR Alaska's Marine Highway Alaska Ferry system connecting Alaskan coastal communities 2002-06-13 (NSB)
2005-09-22 (AAR)
NSB Amish Country Ohio Historic drive through eastern Ohio's Amish
Amish
The Amish , sometimes referred to as Amish Mennonites, are a group of Christian church fellowships that form a subgroup of the Mennonite churches...

 communities
2002-06-13
NSB Arroyo Seco Parkway Scenic Byway California The first freeway in the Western U.S., connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena through the Arroyo Seco
Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Arroyo Seco has been called the most celebrated canyon in Southern California.-River course:...

2002-06-13
NSB Ashley River Road South Carolina Traverses a historic district along the Ashley River
Ashley River (South Carolina)
The Ashley River is a blackwater / tidal river in South Carolina, rising from the Wassamassaw and Great Cypress Swamps in western Berkeley County. It consolidates its main channel about five miles west of Summerville, widening into a tidal estuary just south of Fort Dorchester...

2000-06-15
AAR Beartooth Scenic Byway Montana, Wyoming Scenic northeastern entrance to Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park, established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872, is a national park located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, although it also extends into Montana and Idaho...

2000-06-15 (AAR)
2002-06-13 (extended in Montana)
NSB Billy the Kid Trail New Mexico Scenic drive through rugged mountains 1998-06-09
AAR Blue Ridge Parkway
Blue Ridge Parkway
The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty. It runs for 469 miles , mostly along the famous Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains...

North Carolina, Virginia Scenic drive through the Blue Ridge Mountains
Blue Ridge Mountains
The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range. This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap. The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southern-most...

1996-09-19 (AAR, North Carolina)
2005-09-22 (AAR, Virginia)
NSB Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway
Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway
The Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in New Castle County, Delaware in the Brandywine valley. The route of the byway is along Delaware Route 52 from Wilmington north to the Pennsylvania border, and Delaware Route 100 from its intersection with Route 52, north to the...

Delaware Historic rolling hills of northern Delaware 2005-09-22
NSB CanalWay Ohio Scenic Byway Ohio Historic drive along the Ohio and Erie Canal
Ohio and Erie Canal
The Ohio Canal or Ohio and Erie Canal was a canal constructed in the 1820s and early 1830s. It connected Akron, Summit County, with the Cuyahoga River near its mouth on Lake Erie in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, and a few years later, with the Ohio River near Portsmouth, Scioto County, and then...

2000-06-15
NSB Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway
Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway
The Cascades Lakes Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in central Oregon in the United States. It runs for in the rugged country of Deschutes and Klamath counties on the east side of the Cascade Range. It offers particularly good views of Mount Bachelor and provides access to many...

Oregon Connects lakes and forests of central Oregon 1998-06-09
NSB Catoctin Mountain Scenic Byway Maryland Scenic and historic drive through the Catoctin Mountains 2005-09-22
NSB Cherohala Skyway
Cherohala Skyway
The Cherohala Skyway is a National Scenic Byway that connects Tellico Plains, Tennessee, to Robbinsville, North Carolina in the southeastern United States. Its name is a portmanteau of Cherokee and Nantahala, the two national forests through which it passes...

North Carolina, Tennessee Ridgetop drive in the Appalachians 1996-09-19 (Tennessee)
1998-06-09 (North Carolina)
NSB Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway South Carolina Scenic drive along the Blue Ridge Escarpment
Blue Ridge Mountains
The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range. This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap. The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southern-most...

1998-06-09
NSB Chesapeake Country Scenic Byway
Chesapeake Country Scenic Byway
The Chesapeake Country Scenic Byway is a national scenic byway on Maryland's Eastern Shore region. The byway runs from Stevensville, near the Chesapeake Bay Bridge to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal in Chesapeake City and has a spur to Eastern Neck Island in the Chester River...

Maryland Traverses the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake Bay
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers in the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West...

2002-06-13
AAR Chinook Scenic Byway Washington Scenic drive with views of Mount Rainier
Mount Rainier
Mount Rainier is a massive stratovolcano located southeast of Seattle in the state of Washington, United States. It is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc, with a summit elevation of . Mt. Rainier is considered one of the most...

1998-06-09 (AAR)
NSB Coal Heritage Trail West Virginia Historic drive through coal-producing areas of southwestern West Virginia 1998-06-09
AAR Colonial Parkway
Colonial Parkway
Colonial Parkway is a scenic 23-mile parkway linking the three popular attractions of Virginia's Historic Triangle of colonial-era communities, Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown...

Virginia Landscaped parkway through historic areas 2005-09-22 (AAR)
NSB Colorado River Headwaters Byway Colorado Descent along the Colorado River
Colorado River
The Colorado River , is a river in the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. The watershed of the Colorado River covers in parts of seven U.S. states and two Mexican states...

 through canyons
2005-09-22
NSB Connecticut River Byway Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont Scenic drive on both sides of New England
New England
New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...

's longest river
Connecticut River
The Connecticut River is the largest and longest river in New England, and also an American Heritage River. It flows roughly south, starting from the Fourth Connecticut Lake in New Hampshire. After flowing through the remaining Connecticut Lakes and Lake Francis, it defines the border between the...

2005-09-22
NSB Connecticut State Route 169 Connecticut One of the last unspoiled areas in New England
New England
New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...

1996-09-19
NSB Copper Country Trail Michigan Traverses an area developed for copper mining 2005-09-22
NSB Coronado Trail Scenic Byway Arizona Scenic drive through high deserts and forests 2005-09-22
NSB Coulee Corridor Scenic Byway Washington Passes through coulee
Coulee
Coulee is applied rather loosely to different landforms, all of which refer to a kind of valley or drainage zone.The word coulee comes from the Canadian French coulée, from French word couler meaning "to flow"....

s formed by receding glaciers
2005-09-22
NSB Country Music Highway Kentucky Historic drive through eastern Kentucky 2002-06-13
AAR Creole Nature Trail
Creole Nature Trail
The Creole Nature Trail, part of Louisiana's Outback, is an All-American Road comprising more than of highway including portions of Louisiana state highways 14, 82, 27, 384, and 385 in southwest Louisiana. The Creole Nature Trail was one of the first National Scenic Byways designated by the U.S....

Louisiana Marsh
Marsh
In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland that is subject to frequent or continuous flood. Typically the water is shallow and features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, other herbaceous plants, and moss....

es and prairie
Prairie
Prairies are considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type...

s of southern Louisiana
1996-09-19 (NSB)
2002-06-13 (AAR)
NSB Crowley's Ridge Parkway
Crowley's Ridge Parkway
Crowley's Ridge Parkway is a road that runs in Arkansas and Missouri along Crowley's Ridge and Ozark-St. Francis National Forest. The route was designated a state scenic byway in Arkansas in 1997 and a National Scenic Byway in 1998...

Arkansas, Missouri Scenic drive along Crowley's Ridge
Crowley's Ridge
Crowley's Ridge is an unusual geological formation that rises 250 to above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment in a line from southeastern Missouri to the Mississippi River near Helena, Arkansas. It is the most prominent feature in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain between Cape...

, with a diversity of plant species
1998-06-09 (Arkansas)
2000-06-15 (Missouri)
NSB Death Valley Scenic Byway California Scenic drive through the lowest place in North America, surrounded by mountains 1998-06-09
2002-06-13 (extended)
NSB Delaware River Scenic Byway New Jersey Scenic and historic drive along the Delaware River in central New Jersey 2009-10-16
NSB Dinosaur Diamond Prehistoric Highway Colorado, Utah Passes many dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...

 fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...

 sites
2002-06-13
NSB East Tennessee Crossing Tennessee 2009-10-16
NSB Ebbetts Pass Scenic Byway California Crossing of the Sierra Nevada
Sierra Nevada (US)
The Sierra Nevada is a mountain range in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, between the California Central Valley and the Basin and Range Province. The Sierra runs north-to-south, and is approximately across east-to-west...

 past giant sequoia groves
2005-09-22
NSB Edge of the Wilderness Minnesota Scenic drive through forests and hills of northern Minnesota 1996-09-19
NSB El Camino Real New Mexico Historic north–south route through central New Mexico 1998-06-09
2005-09-22 (extended)
NSB The Energy Loop: Huntington/Eccles Canyons Scenic Byway
The Energy Loop: Huntington/Eccles Canyons Scenic Byway
The Energy Loop: Huntington/Eccles Canyons Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the state of Utah. It spans approximately as it travels from Fairview through the Manti-La Sal National Forest southeast to Huntington via Huntington Canyon, and northeast to near Colton via Eccles Canyon.-Route...

Utah Historic drive past coal mining operations 2000-06-15
NSB Flaming Gorge-Uintas Scenic Byway
Flaming Gorge-Uintas Scenic Byway
The Flaming Gorge - Uintas Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the state of Utah. It spans approximately as it travels from Vernal, Utah northward through the Ashley National Forest and the Uintah Mountains to the area around Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area in the northeastern corner...

Utah Scenic drive through the Uinta Mountains
Uinta Mountains
The Uinta Mountains are a high chain of mountains in northeastern Utah and extreme northwestern Colorado in the United States. A subrange of the Rocky Mountains, they are unusual for being the highest range in the contiguous United States running east to west, and lie approximately east of Salt...

1998-06-09
NSB Flint Hills Scenic Byway Kansas Scenic drive through Great Plains
Great Plains
The Great Plains are a broad expanse of flat land, much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, which lies west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts of the U.S...

 grassland
Grassland
Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants . However, sedge and rush families can also be found. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica...

s
2005-09-22
NSB Forest Heritage National Scenic Byway North Carolina 2009-10-16
NSB Frontier Pathways Scenic and Historic Byway Colorado Follows the paths of early explorers through the Sangre de Cristo Mountains
Sangre de Cristo Mountains
The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They are located in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States...

1998-06-09
AAR George Washington Memorial Parkway
George Washington Memorial Parkway
The George Washington Memorial Parkway, known to local motorists simply as the "G.W. Parkway", is a parkway maintained by the U.S. National Park Service. It is located mostly in Northern Virginia, although a short section northwest of the Arlington Memorial Bridge passes over Columbia Island,...

Virginia Landscaped parkway along the Potomac River
Potomac River
The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The river is approximately long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles...

2005-09-22 (AAR)
NSB Geronimo Trail Scenic Byway New Mexico Scenic drive past mountains and lakes of southwestern New Mexico 2005-09-22
NSB Glenn Highway
Glenn Highway
-References:* Pasch, A. D., K. C. May. 2001. Taphonomy and paleoenvironment of hadrosaur from the Matanuska Formation in South-Central Alaska. In: Mesozioc Vertebrate Life. Ed.s Tanke, D. H., Carpenter, K., Skrepnick, M. W. Indiana University Press. Pages 219-236.-External links:**...

Alaska Terrain shaped by receding glaciers 2002-06-13
NSB Gold Belt Tour Scenic and Historic Byway Colorado Follows stage and rail routes to historic gold mining locations 2000-06-15
NSB Grand Mesa Scenic and Historic Byway
Grand Mesa Scenic and Historic Byway
Grand Mesa Scenic and Historic Byway, also known at the Grand Mesa National Scenic and Historic Byway, runs North from Cedaredge along Highway 65, to the top of the Grand Mesa at more than 10,000 feet . It also includes Land's End Road to the Land's End Observatory from Highway 65...

Colorado Climbs to Grand Mesa
Grand Mesa
The Grand Mesa is a large mesa in western Colorado in the United States. It has an area of about and stretches for about east of Grand Junction between the Colorado River and the Gunnison River, its tributary to the south. The north side of the mesa is drained largely by Plateau Creek, a...

1996-09-19
NSB Grand Rounds Scenic Byway
Grand Rounds Scenic Byway
The Grand Rounds Scenic Byway is a linked series of park areas in Minneapolis, Minnesota that takes a roughly circular path through the city. The corridors include roads for automobile traffic plus paths for pedestrians and bicycles, and extend slightly into neighboring cities...

Minnesota Continuous parkway surrounding Minneapolis 1998-06-09
NSB Great River Road
Great River Road
The Great River Road is a collection of state, provincial, federal, and local roads which follow the course of the Mississippi River through ten states of the United States...

Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Tennessee, Wisconsin Scenic drive along the Mississippi River
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...

 from its headwaters to southern Mississippi
2000-06-15 (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin)
2002-06-13 (Arkansas)
2005-09-22 (Mississippi)
2009-10-16 (Tennessee)
AAR Hells Canyon Scenic Byway
Hells Canyon Scenic Byway
Hells Canyon Scenic Byway is a designated All-American Road in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located at the northeast corner of Oregon and comprises Oregon Route 82, Forest Roads 39 and 3365, and most of Oregon Route 86...

Oregon Provides views of Hells Canyon
Hells Canyon
Hells Canyon is a wide canyon located along the border of eastern Oregon and western Idaho in the United States. It is North America's deepest river gorge at and part of the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area....

 on the Snake River
Snake River
The Snake is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest in the United States. At long, it is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean...

2000-06-15 (AAR)
NSB Highland Scenic Highway West Virginia Scenic drive through mountains and valleys 1996-09-19
NSB Historic Bluff Country Scenic Byway Minnesota Historic and scenic drive through southearnern Minnesota 2002-06-13
AAR Historic Columbia River Highway Oregon America's first scenic highway, through the Columbia River Gorge
Columbia River Gorge
The Columbia River Gorge is a canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Up to deep, the canyon stretches for over as the river winds westward through the Cascade Range forming the boundary between the State of Washington to the north and Oregon to the south...

1998-06-09 (AAR)
AAR Historic National Road Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia Historic gateway to the Midwestern U.S. 1998-06-09 (NSB, Indiana)
2000-06-15 (NSB, Illinois)
2002-06-13 (AAR, all states)
NSB Historic Route 66 Arizona, Illinois, New Mexico Historic "Mother Road" linking Chicago to Los Angeles 2000-06-15 (New Mexico)
2005-09-22 (Arizona, Illinois)
NSB Illinois River Road: Route of the Voyageurs
Illinois River Road: Route of the Voyageurs
The Illinois River Road: Route of the Voyageurs is a National Scenic Byway in central Illinois, United States.The byway traverses portions of the following routes:* Interstate 180* U.S. Route 150* U.S. Route 24* U.S. Route 34* U.S...

Illinois Scenic drive through the Illinois River Valley 2005-09-22
NSB Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway
Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway
The Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway is a long scenic byway located in Florida. Basically, the Highway is actually a collection of several roads, mostly running north and south along either side of the Indian River Lagoon, connected by other roads running over the Lagoon...

Florida Diverse estuary
Estuary
An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....

 near Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
The John F. Kennedy Space Center is the NASA installation that has been the launch site for every United States human space flight since 1968. Although such flights are currently on hiatus, KSC continues to manage and operate unmanned rocket launch facilities for America's civilian space program...

2002-06-13
AAR International Selkirk Loop
International Selkirk Loop
The International Selkirk Loop is a scenic highway in the U.S. states of Idaho and Washington, as well as the Canadian province of British Columbia. The loop encircles the Selkirk Mountain Range, and offers several side trips aside from the main route. Included on the loop is the Kootenay Lake...

Idaho, Washington Loop around the Selkirk Mountains
Selkirk Mountains
The Selkirk Mountains are a mountain range spanning the northern portion of the Idaho Panhandle, eastern Washington, and southeastern British Columbia. They begin at Mica Peak near Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and extend approximately 320 km north from the border. The range is bounded on its west,...

2005-09-22 (AAR)
NSB Jemez Mountain Trail New Mexico Scenic drive past geological formations and Indian ruins 1998-06-09
NSB Kaibab Plateau - North Rim Parkway Arizona Scenic drive through dense forests to the North Rim of the Grand Canyon 1998-06-09
NSB Kancamagus Scenic Byway New Hampshire Passes through the White Mountains
White Mountains (New Hampshire)
The White Mountains are a mountain range covering about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the United States. Part of the Appalachian Mountains, they are considered the most rugged mountains in New England...

1996-09-19
NSB Lake Erie Coastal Ohio Trail Ohio Follows the south shore of Lake Erie
Lake Erie
Lake Erie is the fourth largest lake of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the tenth largest globally. It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time. It is bounded on the north by the...

2005-09-22
NSB Lake Tahoe - Eastshore Drive Nevada Follows the east shore of Lake Tahoe
Lake Tahoe
Lake Tahoe is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the United States. At a surface elevation of , it is located along the border between California and Nevada, west of Carson City. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America. Its depth is , making it the USA's second-deepest...

1996-09-19
AAR Lakes to Locks Passage, The Great Northeast Journey New York Passes by the connected waterways of the eastern tier of New York 2002-06-13 (AAR)
AAR Las Vegas Strip
Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is an approximately stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada; adjacent to, but outside the city limits of Las Vegas proper. The Strip lies within the unincorporated townships of Paradise and Winchester...

Nevada Urban boulevard past casino
Casino
In modern English, a casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions...

s and other Las Vegas entertainment
2000-06-15 (AAR)
NSB Lincoln Highway Illinois A portion of America's first transcontinental highway 2000-06-15
NSB Little Dixie Highway of the Great River Road Missouri Part of the Great River Road
Great River Road
The Great River Road is a collection of state, provincial, federal, and local roads which follow the course of the Mississippi River through ten states of the United States...

 in northeastern Missouri
2002-06-13
NSB Loess Hills Scenic Byway Iowa Silt deposits in the Missouri River Valley
Missouri River Valley
The Missouri River Valley outlines the journey of the Missouri River from its headwaters where the Madison, Jefferson and Gallatin Rivers flow together in Montana to its confluence with the Mississippi River in the State of Missouri. At long the valley drains one-sixth of the United States, and is...

2000-06-15
NSB Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Utah Passes through scenic Logan Canyon
Logan Canyon
Logan Canyon is a canyon that cuts its way through the Bear River Mountains, a branch of the Wasatch Range, in northeastern Utah. The canyon is popular for both summer and winter activities, especially rock-climbing, hiking, camping, fishing, snowmobiling, and skiing, at the Beaver Mountain ski...

2002-06-13
NSB McKenzie Pass-Santiam Pass Scenic Byway Oregon Loop across two Cascade passes 1998-06-09
NSB Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Route
Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Route
The Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Route extends for in southwestern Illinois, traveling through the floodplain of the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois rivers. The route has been officially designated as a National Scenic Byway by the Federal Highway Administration...

Illinois Floodplain
Floodplain
A floodplain, or flood plain, is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge...

 where the Illinois
Illinois River
The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately long, in the State of Illinois. The river drains a large section of central Illinois, with a drainage basin of . This river was important among Native Americans and early French traders as the principal water route...

, Mississippi
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...

, and Missouri River
Missouri River
The Missouri River flows through the central United States, and is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is the longest river in North America and drains the third largest area, though only the thirteenth largest by discharge. The Missouri's watershed encompasses most of the American Great...

s meet
1998-06-09
2000-06-15 (extended)
NSB Merritt Parkway
Merritt Parkway
The Merritt Parkway is a historic limited-access parkway in Fairfield County, Connecticut. The parkway is known for its scenic layout, its uniquely styled signage, and the architecturally elaborate overpasses along the route. It is designated as a National Scenic Byway and is also listed in the...

Connecticut Historic parkway with individually-designed bridges 1996-09-19
NSB Midland Trail West Virginia Scenic drive through the New River Gorge 2000-06-15
NSB Millstone Valley Scenic Byway New Jersey Scenic and historic drive along the Millstone River in central New Jersey 2009-10-16
NSB Minnesota River Valley Scenic Byway Minnesota Historic drive through the Minnesota River Valley 2002-06-13
NSB Mohawk Towpath Byway
Mohawk Towpath Byway
The Mohawk Towpath Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the Capital District region of New York, United States. It extends from Schenectady to Waterford by way of a series of local, county, and state highways along the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal...

New York Follows the historic Erie Canal
Erie Canal
The Erie Canal is a waterway in New York that runs about from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. The canal contains 36 locks and encompasses a total elevation differential of...

2005-09-22
NSB Mountains to Sound Greenway - I-90 Washington Scenic drive across the Cascades 1998-06-09
NSB Mt. Hood Scenic Byway Oregon Provides views of Mount Hood
Mount Hood
Mount Hood, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe, is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc of northern Oregon. It was formed by a subduction zone and rests in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States...

2005-09-22
AAR Natchez Trace Parkway
Natchez Trace Parkway
The Natchez Trace Parkway is a National Park Service unit in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Old Natchez Trace and preserves sections of the original trail....

Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee Early trail connecting the Mississippi Territory
Mississippi Territory
The Territory of Mississippi was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 7, 1798, until December 10, 1817, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Mississippi....

 with Nashville
1996-09-19 (AAR)
NSB Native American Scenic Byway North Dakota, South Dakota Traverses four Lakota Sioux reservations 1998-06-09 (South Dakota)
2005-09-22 (extended in both states)
NSB Nebo Loop Scenic Byway Utah Passes near Mount Nebo
Mount Nebo (Utah)
Mount Nebo is the southernmost and highest mountain in the Wasatch Range of Utah, in the United States. Named after the biblical Mount Nebo overlooking Israel, which is said to be the place of Moses' death, it is the centerpiece of the Mount Nebo Wilderness, inside the Uinta National Forest.Mount...

 in the Wasatch Range
Wasatch Range
The Wasatch Range is a mountain range that stretches approximately from the Utah-Idaho border, south through central Utah in the western United States. It is generally considered the western edge of the greater Rocky Mountains, and the eastern edge of the Great Basin region...

1998-06-09
AAR North Shore Scenic Drive Minnesota Follows the north shore of Lake Superior
Lake Superior
Lake Superior is the largest of the five traditionally-demarcated Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Minnesota, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan. It is the largest freshwater lake in the...

2000-06-15 (AAR)
2002-06-13 (extended)
AAR Northwest Passage Scenic Byway Idaho Follows Lewis and Clark's search for the Northwest Passage
Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans...

2002-06-13
2005-09-22 (extended and became an AAR)
NSB Ohio River Scenic Route Illinois, Indiana, Ohio Follows the north bank of the Ohio River
Ohio River
The Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is even bigger than the Mississippi and, thus, is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system, including the Allegheny River further upstream...

1996-09-19 (Indiana)
1998-06-09 (Illinois, Ohio)
NSB Old Canada Road Scenic Byway Maine Historic route between Maine and Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

2000-06-15
NSB Outback Scenic Byway
Outback Scenic Byway
The Outback Scenic Byway is a designated National Scenic Byway on Oregon state highways that features the scenic rugged landscape of Central Oregon.-Route description:...

Oregon Scenic drive through rugged country of southern Oregon 1998-06-09
NSB Outer Banks Scenic Byway North Carolina 2009-10-16
AAR Pacific Coast Scenic Byway Oregon Scenic drive along the Pacific coast
Pacific Coast
A country's Pacific coast is the part of its coast bordering the Pacific Ocean.-The Americas:Countries on the western side of the Americas have a Pacific coast as their western border.* Geography of Canada* Geography of Chile* Geography of Colombia...

1998-06-09 (NSB)
2002-06-13 (AAR)
NSB Paul Bunyan Scenic Byway Minnesota Passes through the forests of central Minnesota 2005-09-22
NSB Payette River Scenic Byway Idaho Traverses foothills and valleys 2002-06-13
NSB Pend Oreille Scenic Byway Idaho Scenic drive along Lake Pend Oreille
Lake Pend Oreille
Lake Pend Oreille is a lake in the northern Idaho Panhandle, with a surface area of . It is 65 miles long, and 1,150 feet deep in some regions, making it the fifth deepest in the United States. It is fed by the Clark Fork River and the Pack River, and drains via the Pend Oreille River...

2002-06-13
NSB Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway
Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway
The Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota, USA. It is a loop which is composed of portions of U.S. Route 16A, South Dakota Highway 244, South Dakota Highway 87, and South Dakota Highway 89. Parts of the byway enter Black Hills...

South Dakota Scenic drive through mountains of southwestern South Dakota 1996-09-19
NSB Pioneer Historic Byway Idaho Includes Mormon settlements and Oregon Trail
Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail is a historic east-west wagon route that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon and locations in between.After 1840 steam-powered riverboats and steamboats traversing up and down the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri rivers sped settlement and development in the flat...

 ruts
2005-09-22
NSB Pyramid Lake Scenic Byway Nevada One of the largest desert lakes in the world 1996-09-19
NSB Rangeley Lakes Scenic Byway Maine Scenic drive past mountains and lakes 2000-06-15
NSB Red River Gorge Scenic Byway Kentucky Scenic drive through the Red River Gorge
Red River Gorge
The Red River Gorge is a canyon system on the Red River in east-central Kentucky. Geologically, it is part of the Pottsville Escarpment.Much of the Gorge is located inside the Daniel Boone National Forest and has been subsequently reserved as the Red River Gorge Geological Area, an area of around...

2002-06-13
AAR Red Rock Scenic Road Arizona Scenic drive through the high desert 2005-09-22 (AAR)
NSB River Road Scenic Byway
River Road Scenic Byway
The River Road is a National Scenic Byway in the US state of Michigan. This byway follows M-65 and River Road; it extends eastward into the Huron National Forest and ends in the historic community of Oscoda near Lake Huron. The road parallels the historic Riviere aux Sable...

Michigan Scenic drive through the Au Sable River Valley 2005-09-22
NSB Rogue-Umpqua Scenic Byway
Rogue-Umpqua Scenic Byway
The Rogue-Umpqua Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the U.S. state of Oregon. It provides a tour of the environs of the North Umpqua River, the High Cascades, and the Upper Rogue River.- Route description :...

Oregon Follows two scenic rivers through southwestern Oregon 2002-06-13
AAR Route One, Big Sur Coast Highway California Scenic Drive along the Pacific coast
Pacific Coast
A country's Pacific coast is the part of its coast bordering the Pacific Ocean.-The Americas:Countries on the western side of the Americas have a Pacific coast as their western border.* Geography of Canada* Geography of Chile* Geography of Colombia...

1996-09-19 (AAR)
AAR Route One, San Luis Obispo North Coast Byway California Scenic Drive along the Pacific coast
Pacific Coast
A country's Pacific coast is the part of its coast bordering the Pacific Ocean.-The Americas:Countries on the western side of the Americas have a Pacific coast as their western border.* Geography of Canada* Geography of Chile* Geography of Colombia...

2002-06-13 (AAR)
NSB Russell-Brasstown Scenic Byway
Russell-Brasstown Scenic Byway
The Russell–Brasstown Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the U.S. state of Georgia that includes State Route 180 , SR 348 The Russell–Brasstown Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the U.S. state of Georgia that includes State Route 180 (SR 180), SR 348 The...

Georgia Winds through the southern Appalachians 2000-06-15
AAR San Juan Skyway Colorado Loop through the San Juan Mountains
San Juan Mountains
The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado. The area is highly mineralized and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and...

1996-09-19 (AAR)
NSB Santa Fe Trail Scenic and Historic Byway Colorado, New Mexico Follows a historic trade route through scenic mountains and plains 1998-06-09
NSB Savannah River Scenic Byway South Carolina Scenic drive along the Savannah River
Savannah River
The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States, forming most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. Two tributaries of the Savannah, the Tugaloo River and the Chattooga River, form the northernmost part of the border...

1998-06-09
NSB Schoodic Scenic Byway Maine Unspoiled coastline through the "quiet side" of Acadia National Park
Acadia National Park
Acadia National Park is a National Park located in the U.S. state of Maine. It reserves much of Mount Desert Island, and associated smaller islands, off the Atlantic coast...

2000-06-15
NSB Seaway Trail
Seaway Trail
The Great Lakes Seaway Trail, formerly named and commonly known as the Seaway Trail, is a National Scenic Byway in the northeastern United States, mostly contained in New York but with a small segment in Pennsylvania...

New York, Pennsylvania Scenic drive along the shores of the Great Lakes
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in northeastern North America, on the Canada – United States border. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total surface, coming in second by volume...

 and St. Lawrence River
1996-09-19 (New York)
2005-09-22 (Pennsylvania)
AAR Selma to Montgomery March Byway Alabama Route of the 1965 Selma to Montgomery March led by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the...

1996-09-19 (AAR)
AAR Seward Highway
Seward Highway
The Seward Highway is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska that extends 127 miles from Seward to Anchorage. It was completed in 1951 and runs through the scenic Kenai Peninsula and Turnagain Arm, for which it was designated an All-American Road by the U.S...

Alaska Scenic drive through mountains and fjord
Fjord
Geologically, a fjord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created in a valley carved by glacial activity.-Formation:A fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. Glacial melting is accompanied by rebound of Earth's crust as the ice...

s
1998-06-09 (NSB)
2000-06-15 (AAR)
NSB Sky Island Scenic Byway Arizona Climb from the desert to forests with great biological diversity 2005-09-22
NSB Skyline Drive
Skyline Drive
Skyline Drive is a 105-mile road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains. The scenic drive is particularly popular in the fall when the leaves are changing colors...

Virginia Scenic drive through Shenandoah National Park
Shenandoah National Park
Shenandoah National Park encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U.S. state of Virginia. This national park is long and narrow, with the broad Shenandoah River and valley on the west side, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont on the east...

2005-09-22
NSB Sheyenne River Valley Scenic Byway North Dakota Historic drive through a scenic valley 2002-06-13
NSB Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike West Virginia Historic drive through West Virginia forests 2005-09-22
NSB Stevens Pass Greenway Washington Scenic drive across the Cascades 2005-09-22
NSB Strait of Juan de Fuca Highway - SR 112 Washington Follows the shoreline of northwestern Washington 2000-06-15
NSB Talimena Scenic Drive
Talimena Scenic Drive
The Talimena Scenic Drive is a National Scenic Byway in southeastern Oklahoma and extreme western Arkansas spanning a stretch of Oklahoma State Highway 1 and Arkansas Highway 88 from Talihina, Oklahoma, to Mena, Arkansas....

Arkansas, Oklahoma Crest drive along some of the highest ridges between the Appalachians and Rockies
Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States...

2005-09-22
NSB Talladega Scenic Drive Alabama Scenic drive through the southernmost extension of the Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains #Whether the stressed vowel is or ,#Whether the "ch" is pronounced as a fricative or an affricate , and#Whether the final vowel is the monophthong or the diphthong .), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians...

1998-06-09
NSB Tamiami Trail Scenic Highway Florida Traverses the Florida Everglades 2000-06-15
NSB Tioga Road/Big Oak Flat Road California High mountain pass through Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park is a United States National Park spanning eastern portions of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera counties in east central California, United States. The park covers an area of and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain...

1996-09-19
NSB Top of the Rockies
Top of the Rockies
Top of the Rockies is the name of a National Scenic Byway in Colorado, in the Western United States. Most of the byway is above and thus the name of the byway is Top of the Rockies...

Colorado Scenic drive through the Rockies
Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States...

 near Leadville
1998-06-09
NSB Trail of the Ancients
Trail of the Ancients
The Trail of the Ancients is an National Scenic Byway located in the states of Colorado and Utah. The route highlights the archaeological and cultural history of southwestern Native American peoples, and traverses the widely diverse geological landscape of the Four Corners region...

Colorado, Utah Scenic drive through the Native American
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...

 history of the Four Corners region
2005-09-22
NSB Trail of the Mountain Spirits Scenic Byway New Mexico Scenic drive through the mountains of southwestern New Mexico 2005-09-22
AAR Trail Ridge Road/Beaver Meadow Road Colorado America's highest continuously paved road 1996-09-19 (AAR)
NSB Turquoise Trail New Mexico Back road between Albuquerque and Santa Fe 2000-06-15
NSB Utah's Patchwork Parkway Utah Scenic drive through Cedar Breaks National Monument
Cedar Breaks National Monument
Cedar Breaks National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in the U.S. state of Utah near Cedar City. Cedar Breaks is a natural amphitheater canyon, stretching across , with a depth of over . The elevation of the rim of the canyon is over above sea level.The eroded rock of the canyon is...

2009-10-16
AAR Utah's Scenic Byway 12 - A Journey Through Time Utah Scenic drive through canyons, plateaus, and valleys 2002-06-13 (AAR)
AAR Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway
Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway
The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway is an All-American Road in the U.S. states of California and Oregon. It is roughly 500 miles long and travels through the Cascade Range past numerous volcanoes. It is composed of two separate National Scenic Byways, the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway - Oregon and...

California, Oregon Scenic drive through the Cascade Volcanic Arc 1998-06-09 (AAR, Oregon)
2002-06-13 (AAR, California)
NSB Washington Heritage Trail
Washington Heritage Trail
The Washington Heritage Trail is a National Scenic Byway through the easternmost counties of West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. The trail forms a loop through the three counties and traces the footsteps of George Washington and the marks his family left in the Eastern Panhandle...

West Virginia Scenic and historic drive through West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle 2000-06-15
NSB West Cascades Scenic Byway
West Cascades Scenic Byway
The West Cascades Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the U.S. state of Oregon. The route is designed to provide a tour on the west side of the Cascade Range along the east side of the Willamette Valley.-Route description:...

Oregon Follows the west side of the Cascades 2000-06-15
NSB Western Heritage Historic Byway Idaho Scenic drive to the Snake River Canyon
Snake River Canyon (Idaho)
Snake River Canyon is a large canyon formed by the Snake River in the Magic Valley region of southern Idaho. It is well known as the site of an unsuccessful 1974 attempt by Evel Knievel to jump it in the Skycycle X-2....

2005-09-22
NSB Wetlands and Wildlife Scenic Byway Kansas Scenic drive through wetland
Wetland
A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with water either permanently or seasonally. Wetlands are categorised by their characteristic vegetation, which is adapted to these unique soil conditions....

s of central Kansas
2005-09-22
NSB White Mountain Trail
White Mountain Trail
The White Mountain Trail is a National Scenic Byway in New Hampshire. It runs through the heart of the White Mountains crossing three major mountain passes. The Trail designates sections of US 3 and US 302, between Lincoln and Conway, connecting at both ends with the Kancamagus Highway...

New Hampshire Passes through the White Mountains
White Mountains (New Hampshire)
The White Mountains are a mountain range covering about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the United States. Part of the Appalachian Mountains, they are considered the most rugged mountains in New England...

 and past Mount Washington
Mount Washington (New Hampshire)
Mount Washington is the highest peak in the Northeastern United States at , famous for dangerously erratic weather. For 76 years, a weather observatory on the summit held the record for the highest wind gust directly measured at the Earth's surface, , on the afternoon of April 12, 1934...

1998-06-09
NSB Wilderness Road Heritage Highway Kentucky Follows Daniel Boone
Daniel Boone
Daniel Boone was an American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits mad']'e him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now the Commonwealth of Kentucky, which was then beyond the western borders of...

's historic entrance to the valleys of Kentucky
2002-06-13
NSB Woodward Avenue Michigan Connects automobile-related historic sites of the "Motor City" 2002-06-13
NSB Journey Through Hallowed Ground Byway Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia Corridor from Gettysburg, PA, to Monticello, VA; "Where America Happened" Unknown

Further reading

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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