Navratnas
Encyclopedia
Navratna was the title given originally to nine Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) identified by the Government of India
in 1997 as "public sector companies that have comparative advantages", giving them greater autonomy to compete in the global market so as to "support [them] in their drive to become global giants". The number of PSEs having Navratna status has been raised to 16, the most recent addition being Oil India Limited.
PSU companies are divided into three categories:
or ornament composed of nine precious gems. Later, this symbology was adopted in the courts of Emperor Vikramaditya
and the Mughal emperor Akbar, where the Navaratnas were a group of nine extraordinary men in their respective courts.
in 1997 as having comparative advantages, which allowed them greater autonomy to compete in the global market. The number of PSEs having Navratna status has been raised to 16, The government is likely to accord the coveted status to Engineers India Limited
, which is under consideration.
List of Navratnas
1) Projects & Development india limited
2).Airports Authority of India
2. Antrix Corporation Limited
3. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited
4. Bharat Dynamics Limited
5. BEML Limited
6. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
7. Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited
8. Central Warehousing Corporation
9. Central Coalfields Limited
10. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
11. Cochin Shipyard Limited
12. Container Corporation of India Limited
13. Dredging Corporation of India Limited
14. Engineers India Limited
15. Ennore Port Limited
16. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited
17. Goa Shipyard Limited
18. Hindustan Copper Limited
19. HLL Lifecare Limited
20. Hindustan Newsprint Limited
21. Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited
22. Housing and Urban Development Corporation
23. India Tourism Development Corporation
24. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
25. IRCON International Limited
26. Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited.
27. Mazagaon Dock Limited
28. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
29. Manganese Ore (India) Limited
30. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited
31. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
32. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India
33. MSTC Limited
34. National Fertilizers Limited
35. National Seeds Corporation Limited
36. NHPC Limited
37. Northern Coalfields Limited
38. Numaligarh Refinery Limited
39. ONGC Videsh Limited
40. Pawan Hans Helicopters
41. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited
42. RITES Limited
43. Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam
44. Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
45. South Eastern Coalfields Limited
46. State Trading Corporation of India Limited
47. Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited
48. Telecommunications Consultants (India) Limited
49. Western Coalfields Limited
50. Water & Power Consultancy (India) Limited
51. Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited
52. Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited
53. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited
54. Ed.CIL (India) Limited
55. Engineering Projects (India) Limited
56. FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited
57. Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited
58. HMT (International) Limited
59. HSCC (India) Limited
60. India Trade Promotion Organisation
61. Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited
62. M E C O N Limited
63. National Film Development Corporation Limited
64. National Small Industries Corporation Limited
65. P E C Limited
66. Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited
Government of India
The Government of India, officially known as the Union Government, and also known as the Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of the union of 28 states and seven union territories, collectively called the Republic of India...
in 1997 as "public sector companies that have comparative advantages", giving them greater autonomy to compete in the global market so as to "support [them] in their drive to become global giants". The number of PSEs having Navratna status has been raised to 16, the most recent addition being Oil India Limited.
PSU companies are divided into three categories:
- Maharatna
- Navratna
- Miniratna CPSEs
- Category I
- Category II
Historical symbolism
Originally, the term Navaratna meant a talismanAmulet
An amulet, similar to a talisman , is any object intended to bring good luck or protection to its owner.Potential amulets include gems, especially engraved gems, statues, coins, drawings, pendants, rings, plants and animals; even words said in certain occasions—for example: vade retro satana—, to...
or ornament composed of nine precious gems. Later, this symbology was adopted in the courts of Emperor Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya was a legendary emperor of Ujjain, India, famed for his wisdom, valour and magnanimity. The title "Vikramaditya" was later assumed by many other kings in Indian history, notably the Gupta King Chandragupta II and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya .The name King Vikramaditya is a...
and the Mughal emperor Akbar, where the Navaratnas were a group of nine extraordinary men in their respective courts.
Maharatna status
In 2009, the government established the Maharatna status, which raises a company's investment ceiling from Rs. 1,000 crore to Rs. 5,000 crore. The Maharatna firms can now decide on investments of up to 15 per cent of their net worth in a project; the Navaratna companies could invest up to Rs 1,000 crore without explicit government approval.Criteria
The six criteria for eligibility as Maharatna are:- Having Navratna status.
- Listed on Indian stock exchange with minimum prescribed public shareholding under SEBI regulations.
- An average annual turnover of more than Rs. 20,000. crore during the last 3 years. Earlier it was Rs 25,000 Crore.
- An average annual net worth of more than Rs. 10,000 crore during the last 3 years. Earlier it was Rs. 15,000 crore.
- An average annual net profit after tax of more than Rs. 2500 crore during the last 3 years. Earlier it was Rs. 5000 crore.
- Should have significant global presence/international operations.
List of Maharatna
- Coal India LimitedCoal India LimitedCoal India Limited is an Indian state-controlled coal company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, India and the world's largest coal miner with revenue exceeding 60,245 Crore . It was formerly owned entirely by the Union Government of India, under the administrative control of the Ministry of...
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- NTPC Limited
- Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
- Steel Authority of India LimitedSteel Authority of India LimitedSteel Authority of India Limited from 116950 The company's current chairman is C.S Verma. With an annual production of 13.5 million metric tons, SAIL is the 14th largest steel producer in the world....
Navratna status
Navratna was the title given originally to nine Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs), identified by the Government of IndiaGovernment of India
The Government of India, officially known as the Union Government, and also known as the Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of the union of 28 states and seven union territories, collectively called the Republic of India...
in 1997 as having comparative advantages, which allowed them greater autonomy to compete in the global market. The number of PSEs having Navratna status has been raised to 16, The government is likely to accord the coveted status to Engineers India Limited
Engineers India Limited
Engineers India Limited is a public-sector undertaking of the Government of India under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It was initially set up in 1965 to provide engineering and related technical services for petroleum refineries and other industrial projects...
, which is under consideration.
List of Navratnas
- Bharat Electronics LimitedBharat Electronics LimitedBharat Electronics Limited is a state-owned electronics company with about nine factories, and few regional offices in India. It is owned by the Indian Government & primarily manufactures advanced electronic products for the Indian Armed Forces.BEL is one of the eight PSUs under Ministry of...
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
- GAIL (India) LimitedGAILGAIL Limited is a state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It has six segments: Transmission services of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas , Natural gas trading, petrochemicals, LPG and Liquid hydrocarbons, GAILTEL and Others.- History...
- Hindustan Aeronautics LimitedHindustan Aeronautics LimitedHindustan Aeronautics Limited based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia's largest aerospace companies. Under the management of the Indian Ministry of Defence, this state-owned company is mainly involved in aerospace industry, which includes manufacturing and assembling aircraft, navigation and...
- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam LimitedMahanagar Telephone Nigam LimitedMahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited is a state-owned telecommunications service provider in the metro cities of Mumbai and New Delhi in India. The company was a monopoly until 1992, when the telecom sector was opened to other service providers. Transparency makes us different- is the motto of the...
- National Aluminium Company Limited
- National Mineral Development Corporation LimitedNational Mineral Development CorporationThe NMDC limited is a state-controlled mineral producer of the Government of India. It is fully owned by the Government of India and is under administrative control of the Ministry of Steel....
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
- Oil India Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Limited
- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
- Rural Electrification Corporation LimitedRural Electrification Corporation LimitedREC is a leading public Infrastructure Finance Company in India’s power sector. The company finances and promotes rural electrification projects across India, operating through a network of 13 Project Offices and 5 Zonal Offices, headquartered in New Delhi...
- Shipping Corporation of India Limited
Miniratna Status
In addition, the government created another category called Miniratna. Miniratnas can also enter into joint ventures, set subsidiary companies and overseas offices but with certain conditions. In 2002, there were 61 government enterprises that were awarded Miniratna status. However, at present, there are 67 government enterprises that were awarded Miniratna status.Category I
This designation applies to PSEs that have made profits continuously for the last three years or earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crore or more in one of the three years. These miniratnas granted certain autonomy like incurring capital expenditure without government approval up to Rs. 500 crore or equal to their net worth, whichever is lower.1) Projects & Development india limited
2).Airports Authority of India
Airports Authority of India
The Airports Authority of India is an organization working under the Ministry of Civil Aviation that manages most of the airports in India. The AAI manages and operates 126 airports including 16 international airports, 89 domestic airports and 26 civil enclaves. The corporate headquarters are at...
2. Antrix Corporation Limited
Antrix Corporation
Antrix Corporation Limited is commercial wing of Indian Space Research Organization . The name "Antrix" is an anglicized version of Antariksh, from the Sanskrit word for "space" or "sky".-Products and services:...
3. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited
Balmer Lawrie
Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd is a Government of India Enterprise which manufactures barrels and drums, greases and lubricants, performance chemicals, functional additives and marine freight containers.It also undertakes tea exports and trading, travel, tours, and cargo and engineering services such as...
4. Bharat Dynamics Limited
5. BEML Limited
6. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is a state-owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It is the largest provider of fixed telephony and fourth largest mobile telephony provider in India, and is also a provider of broadband services...
7. Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited
Bridge and Roof Company (India)
Established in 1920, BRIDGE & ROOF CO. LTD. has grown into a premier multi-disciplinary Engineering and Construction organisation in the country...
8. Central Warehousing Corporation
9. Central Coalfields Limited
Central Coalfields Limited
Central Coalfields Limited is a subsidiary of Coal India Limited , an undertaking of the Government of India. CCL manages the nationalized coal mines of the Coal Mines Authority, Central division...
10. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
11. Cochin Shipyard Limited
12. Container Corporation of India Limited
Container Corporation of India
Container Corporation of India Ltd. is a Navratna Public Sector undertaking under the Indian Ministry of Railways. Incorporated in March 1988 under the Companies Act, Concor commenced operations in November 1989 taking over an existing network of seven inland container depots from Indian Railways...
13. Dredging Corporation of India Limited
Dredging Corporation of India Limited
Dredging Corporation of India Limited, or DCI, is a Miniratna Indian public sector unit engaged in the business of dredging. DCI does dredging mainly for Indian seaports, though occasionally it dredges at foreign seaports in countries such as Taiwan and Dubai. It is mainly involved in maintenance...
14. Engineers India Limited
Engineers India Limited
Engineers India Limited is a public-sector undertaking of the Government of India under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It was initially set up in 1965 to provide engineering and related technical services for petroleum refineries and other industrial projects...
15. Ennore Port Limited
16. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited
17. Goa Shipyard Limited
Goa Shipyard Limited
Goa Shipyard Limited is one of India's leading shipyards. It is located on the West Coast of India at Vasco da Gama, Goa at . It was established in 1957, originally by the Portuguese-India govt as "Estaleiros Navais de Goa", to build barges to be used in Goa's growing mining industry, which took...
18. Hindustan Copper Limited
Hindustan Copper Limited
Hindustan Copper Ltd. is a Government-owned corporation in the Central Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Mines , Government of India...
19. HLL Lifecare Limited
20. Hindustan Newsprint Limited
Hindustan Newsprint Limited
Hindustan Newsprint Ltd. is a government company in the Central Public Sector. HNL was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, on 7th June, 1983, in Kottayam District, Kerala State...
21. Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited
22. Housing and Urban Development Corporation
Housing and Urban Development Corporation
The Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited is a government-owned corporation in India. One of the public sector undertakings, it is wholly owned by the Union Government and is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation. It is charged with...
23. India Tourism Development Corporation
India Tourism Development Corporation
The India Tourism Development Corporation Limited is an Hospitality, retail and Education company owned by Government of India, under Ministry of Tourism...
24. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
25. IRCON International Limited
26. Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited.
27. Mazagaon Dock Limited
28. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
Mahanadi Coalfields Limited is one of the major coal producing company of India. It is one of the eight subsidiaries of Coal India Limited. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited was carved out of South Eastern Coalfields Limited in 1992 with its headquarter at Sambalpur...
29. Manganese Ore (India) Limited
30. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited
31. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
32. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India
Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India
Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd. is one of the two highest earners of foreign exchange for India and India's largest public sector trading body...
33. MSTC Limited
34. National Fertilizers Limited
35. National Seeds Corporation Limited
36. NHPC Limited
37. Northern Coalfields Limited
38. Numaligarh Refinery Limited
39. ONGC Videsh Limited
40. Pawan Hans Helicopters
41. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited
42. RITES Limited
43. Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam
Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam
The Nathpa Jhakri Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Satluj River in Himachal Pradesh, India. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it supplies a 1,500 MW underground power station with water. Before reaching the power station, water is diverted through a headrace...
44. Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
45. South Eastern Coalfields Limited
South Eastern Coalfields Limited
South Eastern Coalfields Limited is the largest coal producing company of India. It is one of the eight fully owned subsidiaries of Coal India Limited. The company has its head office at Bilaspur and mines spread over Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh. It has total 92 Mines. Total Underground Mines...
46. State Trading Corporation of India Limited
47. Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited
48. Telecommunications Consultants (India) Limited
49. Western Coalfields Limited
Western Coalfields Limited
Western Coalfields Limited is one of the largest coal producing company of India. It is one of the eight fully owned subsidiaries of Coal India Limited. The company came in to existence in 1975 after nationalization of coal mines in India. It inherited all the private sector coal mines of the...
50. Water & Power Consultancy (India) Limited
Category II
This category include those PSEs which have made profits for the last three years continuously and should have a positive net worth. Category II miniratnas have autonomy to incurring the capital expenditure without government approval up to Rs. 250 crore or up to 50% of their net worth whichever is lower.51. Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited
Bharat Pumps & Compressors
Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited is a Mini Navratna Company, Public Sector Undertaking of the Government of India. The company manufactures Reciprocating pumps, Centrifugal pumps, Reciprocating compressors, and high pressure seamless Gas cylinders...
52. Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited
Broadcast Engineering Consultants India
Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited is a Public Sector Undertaking of the Government of India. BECIL provides broadcast engineering and information technology services in India...
53. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited is one of the eight subsidiary of Coal India Limited with its headquarter at Ranchi.CMPDIL came into existence in 1975 after nationalization of coal mines and as the name suggests became planning and design subsidiary of CIL...
54. Ed.CIL (India) Limited
55. Engineering Projects (India) Limited
56. FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited
FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited
FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Ltd. is a public sector enterprise in India operating in the field of mining operations since 1952, supplying mineral Gypsum to Sindri Fertilizer Plant to meet requirement of raw material for the manufacture of Ammonium Sulphate....
57. Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited
58. HMT (International) Limited
Hindustan Machine Tools
Hindustan Machine Tools was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a machine tool manufacturing company.Over the years diversified into watches, tractors, printing machinery, metal forming presses, die casting & plastic processing machinery, CNC systems & bearings...
59. HSCC (India) Limited
60. India Trade Promotion Organisation
61. Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited
62. M E C O N Limited
MECON Limited
MECON Limited, formerly known as is a Public Sector Undertaking under the Ministry of Steel of the Government of India....
63. National Film Development Corporation Limited
64. National Small Industries Corporation Limited
65. P E C Limited
PEC Limited
PEC is a government of India public sector enterprise under Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Commerce, Government of India. The company's primary business thrusts are in exports, imports, deemed exports, third country trading, arranging financing, logistics, project exports and...
66. Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited
Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments Limited
Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. is a joint venture between the Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan. The area of business extends to manufacturing and marketing of electronic products/ services in the agro-dairy, solar photovoltaic, industrial electronics, information...
See also
- List of Public Sector Undertakings in India
- Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public EnterprisesMinistry of Heavy Industries and Public EnterprisesThe Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, a branch of Government of India, administers 48 Central Public Sector Enterprises and assists them in their effort to improve capacity utilisation & increase profitability, Generate resources and Re-orient strategies to become more competitive...