Nikolai Andreyevich Ishutin (Николай Андреевич Ишутин in Russian

Russian language

Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...

) (3(15) April 1840 – 5(17) January 1879) was one of the first Russia

Russia

Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

n utopian socialists, who combined socialist

Socialism

Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...

 propaganda

Propaganda

Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....

 among the people with conspiratorial

Conspiracy (political)

In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary coup d'état or through assassination....

 and terrorist

Terrorism

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...

 tactics.

Nikolai Ishutin was a hereditary honorary citizen of his hometown of Serdobsk

Serdobsk

Serdobsk is a town and the administrative center of Serdobsky District of Penza Oblast, Russia, located on the Serdoba River southeast of Penza. Population:...

. He was raised in Penza

Penza

-Honors:A minor planet, 3189 Penza, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978, is named after the city.-Notable residents:...

 in a family of his cousin

Cousin

In kinship terminology, a cousin is a relative with whom one shares one or more common ancestors. The term is rarely used when referring to a relative in one's immediate family where there is a more specific term . The term "blood relative" can be used synonymously and establishes the existence of...

 Dmitry Karakozov

Dmitry Karakozov

Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov was the first Russian revolutionary to make an attempt on the life of a tsar.Karakozov was born in the family of a minor nobleman in Kostroma...

. In 1863, he became a lecturegoer at the Moscow State University

Moscow State University

Lomonosov Moscow State University , previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be one of the oldest university in Russia and to have the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy...

, where he conducted propaganda among the students. That same year Ishutin organized a secret revolutionary

Revolutionary

A revolutionary is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.-Definition:...

 society, which would come to be known as the Ishutin Society.

On April 8, 1866, he was arrested in connection with Karakozov's assassination

Assassination

To carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...

 attempt on tsar

Tsar

Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...

 Alexander II

Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...

. The Supreme Criminal Court sentenced Ishutin to death by hanging

Hanging

Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature. The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain...

, which would be exchanged for the open-ended katorga

Katorga

Katorga was a system of penal servitude of the prison farm type in Tsarist Russia...

 right before his execution. Ishutin had been detained in a solitary cell in the Shlisselburg Fortress until May of 1868. Then he was transferred to the Algachi prison in East Siberia in a state of mental illness

Mental illness

A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which is not a part of normal development or culture. Such a disorder may consist of a combination of affective, behavioural,...

. In 1871, Ishutin was relocated to the Nerchinsk katorga

Nerchinsk katorga

Nerchinsk katorga was a katorga system of the Russian Empire in the Nerchinsk okrug of Transbaikalia , between rivers Shilka and Argun, near the border to Mongolia, in 18th-20th centuries.Katorga labor was used for mining lead ore and silver on emperor's private lands Nerchinsk katorga (Russian:...

 and then to the Kara katorga

Kara katorga

Kara katorga was the name for a set of katorga prisons of extremely high security located along the Kara River in Transbaikalia and part of the system of Nerchinsk katorga.It existed from 1838 to 1893...

in 1875, where he would finally die in 1879.