Nikolai Tchaikovsky
Encyclopedia
Nikolai Vasilyevich Tchaikovsky (7 January 1851 [ O.S.
26 December 1850] – 30 April 1926) was a Russia
n revolutionary
.
Tchaikovsky was born in Vyatka
, and while studying in St. Petersburg joined a radical student group which would later be known as the Circle of Tchaikovsky
after its most famous member. The group advocated revolutionary socialist ideals which formed the basis of the Narodnik
movement. Tchaikovsky disagreed with the circle over the implementation of ideas and in the 1870s moved to the United States
to set up a socialist utopian commune in Kansas
. The commune did not succeed and he moved to London
to raise money and publish revolutionary literature.
He returned to Russia in 1905 to work in the cooperative movement. He opposed the Bolsheviks politically and when they took power he was the head of the White
government in Arkhangelsk
during the Russian Civil War
. With the failure of the White movement, Tchaikovsky moved to Paris eventually dying in Harrow
, England
in 1926.
Old Style and New Style dates
Old Style and New Style are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January even though documents written at the time use a different start of year ; or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian...
26 December 1850
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n revolutionary
Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.-Definition:...
.
Tchaikovsky was born in Vyatka
Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Kirov , formerly known as Vyatka and Khlynov, is a city in northeastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast. Population: -History:...
, and while studying in St. Petersburg joined a radical student group which would later be known as the Circle of Tchaikovsky
Circle of Tchaikovsky
The Circle of Tchaikovsky, also known as Tchaikovtsy, Chaikovtsy, or the Grand Propaganda Society was a Russian literary society for self-education and a revolutionary organization of the Narodniks in the early 1870s.- Background and origin :The intelligentsia of mid-nineteenth century Tsarist...
after its most famous member. The group advocated revolutionary socialist ideals which formed the basis of the Narodnik
Narodnik
Narodniks was the name for Russian socially conscious members of the middle class in the 1860s and 1870s. Their ideas and actions were known as Narodnichestvo which can be translated as "Peopleism", though is more commonly rendered "populism"...
movement. Tchaikovsky disagreed with the circle over the implementation of ideas and in the 1870s moved to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to set up a socialist utopian commune in Kansas
Kansas
Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...
. The commune did not succeed and he moved to London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
to raise money and publish revolutionary literature.
He returned to Russia in 1905 to work in the cooperative movement. He opposed the Bolsheviks politically and when they took power he was the head of the White
White movement
The White movement and its military arm the White Army - known as the White Guard or the Whites - was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces.The movement comprised one of the politico-military Russian forces who fought...
government in Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
during the Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
. With the failure of the White movement, Tchaikovsky moved to Paris eventually dying in Harrow
Harrow, London
Harrow is an area in the London Borough of Harrow, northwest London, United Kingdom. It is a suburban area and is situated 12.2 miles northwest of Charing Cross...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
in 1926.