Nikolay Adlerberg
Encyclopedia
Count Nikolay Vladimirovich Adlerberg (1819–1892), Councilor of State, Chamberlain
, governor of Taganrog
, Simferopol
and Finland
.
on May 19, 1819 in Saint Petersburg
. His father, Vladimir Fyodorovich Adlerberg was a close friend of Nicholas I
; in 1852-1870 he was President of the Russian Imperial Post Department, who introduced the first Russian post stamps.
Nikolay Adlerberg graduated from the Page Corps of His Majesty in 1837, and in 1838 appointed aide-de-camp to the Emperor; participated in wars led by Russia in Caucasus
(1841–1842) and Hungary in 1849. After the Hungarian campaign he was promoted to the rank of colonel and awarded with golden weapons.
Adlerberg resigned in 1852 and was attached to the Russian Ministry of the Interior, receiving the title of the chamberlain in the court of His Majesty the same. On June 10, 1853, Adlerberg was appointed Governor of Taganrog
, but he left the Governor's office into the hands of general Yegor Tolstoy
in spring 1854 due to declared state of war in Taganrog
and proximity of Crimean War
actions.
In 1855, Nikolay Adlerberg was promoted to the rank of mayor-general and married Amalie Fürstin of Lerchenfeld
(1808–1888) (in the first marriage Baroness Amalie von Krüdener
).
Count Adlerberg served as governor-general of Simferopol
and Taurida Governorate
(1854–1856) during uneasy period of the Crimean War. Later he served at the Imperial Russian Diplomatic Mission in Berlin in 1856-1866. Nikolay Adlerberg was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1861 and infantry-general in 1870, and during sixteen years served as Governor-General of Finland
(1866–1881). Being a theater enthusiast, he established the Russian Theater in Helsingfors in 1868, which was named Alexandre Theater
in 1879 after Alexander II of Russia
.
On May 22, 1881, the Count was named member of the State Council, but was pensioned off from this post after assassination of his protector, Emperor Alexander II of Russia
. Nikolay and Amalie Adlerberg moved to Germany, where they settled at Maximilian Lerchenfeld's estate in Tegernsee
near Munich
.
Nikolay Adlerberg died on December 25, 1892 in Munich
, Bavaria
.
|-
Chamberlain (office)
A chamberlain is an officer in charge of managing a household. In many countries there are ceremonial posts associated with the household of the sovereign....
, governor of Taganrog
Taganrog
Taganrog is a seaport city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population: -History of Taganrog:...
, Simferopol
Simferopol
-Russian Empire and Civil War:The city was renamed Simferopol in 1784 after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia. The name Simferopol is derived from the Greek, Συμφερόπολις , translated as "the city of usefulness." In 1802, Simferopol became the...
and Finland
Grand Duchy of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed 1809–1917 as part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian czar as Grand Prince.- History :...
.
Biography
Nikolay Adlerberg was born into a Swedish noble family of AdlerbergAdlerberg
Adlerberg is a surname. People with this surname include:* Amalie Adlerberg , Russian / German nobility* Nikolay Adlerberg , Russian / Swedish nobilitySee also*Unetice culture, Bronze Age culture including Adlerberg group...
on May 19, 1819 in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
. His father, Vladimir Fyodorovich Adlerberg was a close friend of Nicholas I
Nicholas I of Russia
Nicholas I , was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its historical zenith spanning over 20 million square kilometers...
; in 1852-1870 he was President of the Russian Imperial Post Department, who introduced the first Russian post stamps.
Nikolay Adlerberg graduated from the Page Corps of His Majesty in 1837, and in 1838 appointed aide-de-camp to the Emperor; participated in wars led by Russia in Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
(1841–1842) and Hungary in 1849. After the Hungarian campaign he was promoted to the rank of colonel and awarded with golden weapons.
Adlerberg resigned in 1852 and was attached to the Russian Ministry of the Interior, receiving the title of the chamberlain in the court of His Majesty the same. On June 10, 1853, Adlerberg was appointed Governor of Taganrog
Governor of Taganrog
The Governor of Taganrog was the head of the Taganrog borough or governorate , between October 8, 1802 and May 19, 1887....
, but he left the Governor's office into the hands of general Yegor Tolstoy
Yegor Tolstoy
Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy , was a Russian lieutenant-general, senator, governor of Taganrog, Kaluga and Penza.-Military career:...
in spring 1854 due to declared state of war in Taganrog
Taganrog
Taganrog is a seaport city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population: -History of Taganrog:...
and proximity of Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
actions.
In 1855, Nikolay Adlerberg was promoted to the rank of mayor-general and married Amalie Fürstin of Lerchenfeld
Amalie Adlerberg
Amalie Adlerberg was born as an out-of-wedlock child of Count Maximilian-Emmanuel Lerchenfeld and Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Princess consort of Thurn and Taxis. Teresa was the aunt of the Russian empress Alexandra Fyodorovna , wife of Nicholas I of Russia...
(1808–1888) (in the first marriage Baroness Amalie von Krüdener
Amalie Adlerberg
Amalie Adlerberg was born as an out-of-wedlock child of Count Maximilian-Emmanuel Lerchenfeld and Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Princess consort of Thurn and Taxis. Teresa was the aunt of the Russian empress Alexandra Fyodorovna , wife of Nicholas I of Russia...
).
Count Adlerberg served as governor-general of Simferopol
Simferopol
-Russian Empire and Civil War:The city was renamed Simferopol in 1784 after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia. The name Simferopol is derived from the Greek, Συμφερόπολις , translated as "the city of usefulness." In 1802, Simferopol became the...
and Taurida Governorate
Taurida Governorate
The Taurida Governorate or Government of Taurida was a historical governorate of the Russian Empire. It included the Crimean peninsula and the mainland between the lower Dnieper River and the coasts of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov It was formed after the defunct Taurida Oblast in was abolished in...
(1854–1856) during uneasy period of the Crimean War. Later he served at the Imperial Russian Diplomatic Mission in Berlin in 1856-1866. Nikolay Adlerberg was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1861 and infantry-general in 1870, and during sixteen years served as Governor-General of Finland
Governor-General of Finland
Governor-General of Finland ; was the military commander and the highest administrator of Finland sporadically under Swedish rule in the 17th and 18th centuries and continuously in the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland between 1808 and 1917.-Swedish rule:...
(1866–1881). Being a theater enthusiast, he established the Russian Theater in Helsingfors in 1868, which was named Alexandre Theater
Aleksanterin Teatteri
Aleksanterin teatteri , Alexandersteatern is a Finnish theatre in the city of Helsinki at Bulevardi 23-27, also known as Russian Theater and Alexander Theatre.-History:...
in 1879 after Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
.
On May 22, 1881, the Count was named member of the State Council, but was pensioned off from this post after assassination of his protector, Emperor Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
. Nikolay and Amalie Adlerberg moved to Germany, where they settled at Maximilian Lerchenfeld's estate in Tegernsee
Tegernsee
Tegernsee is a town in the Miesbach district of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the shore of Tegernsee lake, at an elevation of 747 m above sea level....
near Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
.
Nikolay Adlerberg died on December 25, 1892 in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
, Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
.
Awards
- 1842 - Order of St. AnnaOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
of 3rd degree - 1849- Order of St. AnnaOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
of 2nd degree - 1848 - Order of St. VladimirOrder of St. VladimirThe Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
of 4th degree - 1854 - Order of St. VladimirOrder of St. VladimirThe Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
of 3rd degree - 1855 - Order of Saint StanislausOrder of Saint StanislausThe Order of Saint Stanislaus , also spelled Stanislas, was an Order in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and The Kingdom of Poland between 1765 and 1831 and of Russian Empire from 1831 to 1917.-History of the Order of Saint Stanislaus:Stanisław August Poniatowski, King of Poland, established the...
of 1st degree - 1859 - Order of St. AnnaOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
of 1st degree - 1865 - Order of St. VladimirOrder of St. VladimirThe Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
of 2nd degree - 1867 - Order of the White EagleOrder of the White EagleThe Order of the White Eagle is Poland's highest decoration awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits. It was officially instituted on November 1, 1705 by Augustus II the Strong and bestowed on eight of his supporters: four Polish magnates, three Russian field marshals , and one...
- 1872 - diamond decorations of the Order of St. Alexander NevskyOrder of St. Alexander NevskyThe Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was an order of chivalry of the Russian Empire.-History:The introduction of the Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was planned by Emperor Peter I of Russia...
- 1876 - Order of Saint Vladimir of the 1st degree
Trivia
- In 1845, Count Adlerberg traveled through GreeceGreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
and PalestinePalestinePalestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
, which was described in his book From Rome to Jerusalem (Из Рима в Иерусалим) (published in 1853). The book received good response from the literary critics and received favorable reviews in the journal "SovremennikSovremennikSovremennik was a Russian literary, social and political magazine, published in St. Petersburg in 1836-1866. It came out four times a year in 1836-1843 and once a month after that...
" (1853, volume 39, pp. 45–52), and was famous in 1850s. He undertook the second trip to Palestine in 1860, which was described in his book En Orient, impressions et réminiscences published in French languageFrench languageFrench is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
in Saint PetersburgSaint PetersburgSaint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
, 1867.
- On his trip to Palestine, Count Adlerberg visited and prayed at the Church of the Holy SepulchreChurch of the Holy SepulchreThe Church of the Holy Sepulchre, also called the Church of the Resurrection by Eastern Christians, is a church within the walled Old City of Jerusalem. It is a few steps away from the Muristan....
, and after this Adlerbergs financed the building of a new Russian Orthodox church dedicated to Saint GeorgeSaint GeorgeSaint George was, according to tradition, a Roman soldier from Syria Palaestina and a priest in the Guard of Diocletian, who is venerated as a Christian martyr. In hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Catholic , Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, and the Oriental Orthodox...
(Церковь святого великомученика и победоносца Георгия) in Al KarakAl KarakKarak is a city in Jordan that is known for the famous crusader castle Kerak. The castle is one of the three largest castles in the region, the other two being in Syria...
. Its construction was completed in 1847 and the church was consecrated on July 17, 1849.
- Count Adlerberg loved theater, he wrote a book Les Artistes des théatres impériaux de St. Pétersbourg : photographies d'après nature, avec esquisses biographiques, published in Saint Petersburg in 1863, and in 1879 built a theater in HelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...
while being Governor of Finland. This theater was named after Alexander II of RussiaAlexander II of RussiaAlexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
Aleksanterin TeatteriAleksanterin TeatteriAleksanterin teatteri , Alexandersteatern is a Finnish theatre in the city of Helsinki at Bulevardi 23-27, also known as Russian Theater and Alexander Theatre.-History:...
, also known as the Russian Theater.
External links and references
|-