Nile Level Texts
Encyclopedia
The Nile Level Texts are inscribed on the cult terrace (the so-called "quay") at the temple of Karnak
, in Thebes
, Egypt
. This cult terrace itself was constructed during the time of Ramesses II
, but the kings of the 22nd
to the 26th
Dynasties recorded the height of the Nile
on its western side. The inscriptions are invaluable records since they are dated to specific years of a certain king's reign.
The cult terrace does not bear any inscriptions from the early years of reign of Taharqa
, a period that is known from other sources to have been a time of drought.
The texts were first examined and recorded by Georges Legrain
in 1896, and later recollated by Jürgen von Beckerath
in 1953. Many are now damaged or lost through erosion.
Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak—comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings, notably the Great Temple of Amun and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Ramses II . Sacred Lake is part of the site as well. It is located near Luxor, some...
, in Thebes
Thebes, Egypt
Thebes is the Greek name for a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile within the modern city of Luxor. The Theban Necropolis is situated nearby on the west bank of the Nile.-History:...
, Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
. This cult terrace itself was constructed during the time of Ramesses II
Ramesses II
Ramesses II , referred to as Ramesses the Great, was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire...
, but the kings of the 22nd
Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...
to the 26th
Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC . The Dynasty's reign The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (also written Dynasty XXVI or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC...
Dynasties recorded the height of the Nile
Nile
The Nile is a major north-flowing river in North Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It is long. It runs through the ten countries of Sudan, South Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Egypt.The Nile has two major...
on its western side. The inscriptions are invaluable records since they are dated to specific years of a certain king's reign.
The cult terrace does not bear any inscriptions from the early years of reign of Taharqa
Taharqa
Taharqa was a pharaoh of the Ancient Egyptian 25th dynasty and king of the Kingdom of Kush, which was located in Northern Sudan.Taharqa was the son of Piye, the Nubian king of Napata who had first conquered Egypt. Taharqa was also the cousin and successor of Shebitku. The successful campaigns of...
, a period that is known from other sources to have been a time of drought.
The texts were first examined and recorded by Georges Legrain
Georges Legrain
Georges Legrain was a French Egyptologist.- Research :He was involved in the excavations in Aswan. He spent many years with his research in the Temple of Karnak. Since 1907 he was a main supervisor in Luxor....
in 1896, and later recollated by Jürgen von Beckerath
Jürgen von Beckerath
Jürgen von Beckerath is a prominent German Egyptologist. He is a prolific writer who has published countless articles in journals such as Orientalia, Göttinger Miszellen , Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt , Archiv für Orientforschung and Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur among...
in 1953. Many are now damaged or lost through erosion.