Nomenclature of mechanical ventilation
Encyclopedia
Many terms are used in mechanical ventilation
, some are specific to brand, model, trademark and mode of mechanical ventilation. There is a standardized nomenclature of mechanical ventilation
that is specific about nomenclature related to modes, but not settings and variables.
— (VC-CMV) Mechanical ventilation with preset tidal volume and inspiratory flow. Every breath is mandatory (i.e.,inspiration is patient or machine trigged and machine cycled).
— (PC-CMV) Mechanical ventilation with preset inspiratory pressure and inspiratory time. Every breath is mandatory (ie, patient or machine trigged and machine cycled).
— CSV is any mode of mechanical ventilation where every breath is spontaneous (i.e., patient triggered and patient cycled).
Terms no longer in use:
Terms no longer in use:
Terms no longer in use:
Terms no longer in use
Terms no longer in use:
but are not yet included in the standardized nomenclature.
Mechanical ventilation
In medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by a physician, respiratory therapist or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows...
, some are specific to brand, model, trademark and mode of mechanical ventilation. There is a standardized nomenclature of mechanical ventilation
Nomenclature of mechanical ventilation
Many terms are used in mechanical ventilation, some are specific to brand, model, trademark and mode of mechanical ventilation. There is a standardized nomenclature of mechanical ventilation that is specific about nomenclature related to modes, but not settings and variables.-Volume Controlled...
that is specific about nomenclature related to modes, but not settings and variables.
Volume Controlled Continuous Mandatory Ventilation
Volume Controlled Continuous Mandatory VentilationVolume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation
Volume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation — is a mode of mechanical ventilation where breaths are delivered based on set variables. The patient may initate breaths by attempting to breathe...
— (VC-CMV) Mechanical ventilation with preset tidal volume and inspiratory flow. Every breath is mandatory (i.e.,inspiration is patient or machine trigged and machine cycled).
Terms replaced by VC-CMV
- Assist/Control
- A/C
- CMV
- Volume Assist/Control
- Volume Control
- Volume Limited Ventilation
- Volume Controlled Ventilation
- Controlled Ventilation
- Volume Targeted Ventilation
Volume Controlled Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Volume Controlled Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation — (VC-IMV) Mechanical ventilation with preset tidal volume and inspiratory flow. Spontaneous breaths (i.e., inspiration is patient triggered and patient cycled) can exist between mandatory breaths.Pressure Controlled Continuous Mandatory Ventilation
Pressure Controlled Continuous Mandatory VentilationPressure controlled continuous mandatory ventilation
Pressure Controlled Continuous Mandatory Ventilation is any mode of mechanical ventilation with preset inspiratory pressure and inspiratory time. Every breath is mandatory .-Pressure control:...
— (PC-CMV) Mechanical ventilation with preset inspiratory pressure and inspiratory time. Every breath is mandatory (ie, patient or machine trigged and machine cycled).
Terms replaced by PC-CMV
- Assist/Control
- A/C
- CMV
- Pressure Assist/Control
- Pressure Control
- Pressure Limited Ventilation
- Pressure Controlled Ventilation
- Pressure Targeted Ventilation
Pressure Controlled Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Pressure Controlled Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation — (PC-IMV) Mechanical ventilation with preset inspiratory pressure and inspiratory time. Spontaneous breaths (i.e., inspiration is patient triggered and patient cycled) can exist between mandatory breaths.Continuous Spontaneous Ventilation
Continuous Spontaneous VentilationContinuous spontaneous ventilation
Continuous spontaneous ventilation is any mode of mechanical ventilation where every breath is spontaneous .Some of these include:* Bilevel positive airway pressure* Continuous positive airway pressure...
— CSV is any mode of mechanical ventilation where every breath is spontaneous (i.e., patient triggered and patient cycled).
Terms no longer in use:
- Spont
- Spontaneous
Mandatory Breath
Mandatory Breath is a breath type during mechanical ventilation for which inspiration is machine triggered and/or machine cycled.Terms no longer in use:
- Machine breath
- mechanical breath
Spontaneous Breath
Spontaneous Breaths are a breath type for which inspiration is both patient triggered and patient cycled. Applies to assisted or unassisted breathing.Assisted Ventilation or Breath
Assisted Ventilation or assisted breath references ventilation (or breath) for which a machine provides some or all of the work of breathing.Terms no longer in use:
- Patient triggered ventilation
- Patient triggered breath
Patient triggered breath
Patient triggered breath — A breath that is initiated by the patient, independent of ventilator settings for frequency.Terms no longer in use
- Patient assisted breath
- assisted breath
Autotriggering
Autotriggering — Autotriggering is the unintended initiation of breath delivery by the ventilator, e.g., by an external disturbance such as movement of the breathing tube or an inappropriate trigger sensitivity setting.Terms no longer in use:
- Autocycling
Non-standardized terminology
The following are terms that are included in modes of mechanical ventilationModes of mechanical ventilation
Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation. The mode refers to the method of inspiratory support. Mode selection is generally based on clinician familiarity and institutional preferences since there is a paucity of evidence...
but are not yet included in the standardized nomenclature.
Volume related
- Vt — Tidal volumeTidal volumeTidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied.Typical values are around 500ml or 7ml/kg bodyweight.-Mechanical Ventilation:...
- Ve — Minute ventilation
- Amplitude — High-frequency ventilationHigh-frequency ventilationHigh frequency ventilation is a type of mechanical ventilation that employs very high respiratory rates and very small tidal volumes. High frequency ventilation is thought to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury , especially in the context of ARDS and acute lung injury. This is commonly...
(Active)
Pressure related
- Pip — Peak inspiratory pressurePeak inspiratory pressurePeak inspiratory pressure is the highest level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation. In mechanical ventilation the number reflects a positive pressure in centimeters of water pressure . In normal breathing, it may sometimes be referred to as the maximal inspiratory pressure , which...
- Pplat — Plateau pressure (airway)
- Mpaw — Mean airway pressure
- EPAP — Pressure applied to exhalationContinuous positive airway pressurePositive airway pressure is a mode of respiratory ventilation used primarily in the treatment of sleep apnea, for which it was first developed. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, and in newborn infants...
- IPAP — Pressure applied to inhalationContinuous positive airway pressurePositive airway pressure is a mode of respiratory ventilation used primarily in the treatment of sleep apnea, for which it was first developed. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, and in newborn infants...
- Phigh — Highest pressure attained, similar to Pip; this is a constant pressure.
- Plow — Pressure that Phigh drops to during expiratory time (Tlow)
- PEEP — Positive end-expiratory pressurePositive end-expiratory pressurePositive end-expiratory pressure is the pressure in the lungs above atmospheric pressure that exists at the end of expiration...
, pressure created by a backpressure valve. - CPAP — Continuous positive airway pressureContinuous positive airway pressurePositive airway pressure is a mode of respiratory ventilation used primarily in the treatment of sleep apnea, for which it was first developed. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, and in newborn infants...
- Δp — Delta-PΔPΔP is a mathematical term used to illustrate a change in pressure .-Darcy–Weisbach equation:As used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation — Given that the head loss hf expresses the pressure loss Δp as the height of a column of fluid,\Delta p = \rho \cdot g \cdot h_fwhere ρ is the density of the...
, the change in pressure from the highest pressure to the lowest pressure.
Time related
- I:E — Inspiratory:Expiratory ratio
- Thigh — Time set for inhalation.
- Tlow — Time set for exhalation.