Northern Slaty-Antshrike
Encyclopedia
The Northern Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus punctatus) is a species of bird
in the Thamnophilidae family. It previously included the Western Slaty-Antshrike
, Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike
, Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike
, Planalto Slaty-Antshrike
and Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike
as subspecies
, in which case the combined species simply was referred to as the Slaty Antshrike.
The Northern Slaty-Antshrike is found in north-eastern South America
in Brazil
, Venezuela
and the Guianas. In Brazil, it occurs in the northeast quadrant of the Amazon Basin
, (with the Guianas), and from the Brazilian state of Roraima
in the west, to the states of Pará
, and Amapá
on the Atlantic at the Amazon River
outlet. The species occurs only north of the Amazon. A disjunct
population exists along the eastern slope of the Andes
in Colombia
and Venezuela
, while two other populations exist in the drainage of the Huallaga
and the Marañón River
in northern Peru
and far southern Ecuador
. The populations in Peru and Ecuador are sometimes considered a separate species, the Marañón or Peruvian Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus leucogaster), in which case the common name
of the remaining species often is modified to Eastern or Guianan Slaty-Antshrike.
It occurs at low levels in forest (generally avoids interior of dense humid forest) and woodland.
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
in the Thamnophilidae family. It previously included the Western Slaty-Antshrike
Western Slaty-Antshrike
The Western Slaty-Antshrike is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is found in from western Ecuador, western Colombia, western Venezuela, and Central America as far north as Belize....
, Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike
Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike
The Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in northern Bolivia and Brazil . It was previously included in the widespread Slaty Antshrike The Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus stictocephalus) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae...
, Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike
Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike
The Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in Bolivia , Brazil , and northern Paraguay . It was previously included in the widespread Slaty Antshrike The Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus sticturus) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae...
, Planalto Slaty-Antshrike
Planalto Slaty-Antshrike
The Planalto Slaty-Antshrike is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It is endemic to eastern and south-central Brazil.. It was previously included in the widespread Slaty Antshrike The Planalto Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus pelzelni) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.It...
and Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike
Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike
The Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is endemic to coastal regions of eastern Brazil between Sergipe and São Paulo. It was previously included in the widespread Slaty Antshrike The Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus ambiguus) is a species of bird...
as subspecies
Subspecies
Subspecies in biological classification, is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, ora taxonomic unit in that rank . A subspecies cannot be recognized in isolation: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or two or more, never just one...
, in which case the combined species simply was referred to as the Slaty Antshrike.
The Northern Slaty-Antshrike is found in north-eastern South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
and the Guianas. In Brazil, it occurs in the northeast quadrant of the Amazon Basin
Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries that drains an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of South America. The basin is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
, (with the Guianas), and from the Brazilian state of Roraima
Roraima
Roraima is the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil, located in the Amazon region. It borders the states of Amazonas and Pará, as well as the nations of Venezuela and Guyana. The population is 400,000 and the capital is Boa Vista...
in the west, to the states of Pará
Pará
Pará is a state in the north of Brazil. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest it also borders Guyana and Suriname, and to the northeast it borders the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Belém.Pará is the most populous state...
, and Amapá
Amapá
Amapá is one of the states of Brazil, located in the extreme north, bordering French Guiana and Suriname to the north. To the east is the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south and west is the Brazilian state of Pará. Perhaps one of the main features of the state is the River Oiapoque, as it was once...
on the Atlantic at the Amazon River
Amazon River
The Amazon of South America is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined...
outlet. The species occurs only north of the Amazon. A disjunct
Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but widely separated from each other geographically...
population exists along the eastern slope of the Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
in Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
and Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
, while two other populations exist in the drainage of the Huallaga
Huallaga River
The Huallaga River is a tributary of the Marañón River, part of the Amazon Basin. Old names for this river include Guallaga and Rio de los Motilones. The Huallaga is born on the slopes of the Andes in central Peru and joins the Marañón before the latter reaches the Ucayali River to form the Amazon....
and the Marañón River
Marañón River
The Marañón River rises about 160 km to the northeast of Lima, Peru, flows through a deeply-eroded Andean valley in a northwesterly direction, along the eastern base of the Cordillera of the Andes, as far as 5 degrees 36' southern latitude; then it makes a great bend to the northeast, and...
in northern Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
and far southern Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
. The populations in Peru and Ecuador are sometimes considered a separate species, the Marañón or Peruvian Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus leucogaster), in which case the common name
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...
of the remaining species often is modified to Eastern or Guianan Slaty-Antshrike.
It occurs at low levels in forest (generally avoids interior of dense humid forest) and woodland.
External links
- Photo-Medium Res; Article ib.usp.br—"Thamnophilidae"
