Norwegian Institute of Technology
Encyclopedia
Norwegian language
Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants .These Scandinavian languages together with the Faroese language...
abbrevation NTH (Norges Tekniske Høgskole) was a science institute in Trondheim
Trondheim
Trondheim , historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 173,486, it is the third most populous municipality and city in the country, although the fourth largest metropolitan area. It is the administrative centre of...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
. It was established in 1910, and existed as an independent technical university for 85 years, after which it was merged into the University of Trondheim as an independent college. In 1996 NTH ceased to exist as an organizational superstructure when the university was restructured and rebranded. The former NTH departments are now basic building blocks of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology , commonly known as NTNU, is located in Trondheim. NTNU is the second largest of the eight universities in Norway, and, as its name suggests, has the main national responsibility for higher education in engineering and technology...
.
NTH was primarily a polytechnic
Institute of technology
Institute of technology is a designation employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system...
institute, educating master level engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
s as well as architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
s. In 1992 NTH had 7627 master and doctoral students and 1591 employees; it graduated 1262 chartered engineers (master level), 52 chartered architects, and 92 Dr.Ing. (Ph.D.). The operating budget was equivalent to USD
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
100 M
Million
One million or one thousand thousand, is the natural number following 999,999 and preceding 1,000,001. The word is derived from the early Italian millione , from mille, "thousand", plus the augmentative suffix -one.In scientific notation, it is written as or just 106...
, and the total premises amounted to around 260,000 m² (64 acre
Acre
The acre is a unit of area in a number of different systems, including the imperial and U.S. customary systems. The most commonly used acres today are the international acre and, in the United States, the survey acre. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land.The acre is related...
s).
Since the merger, it forms a part of the University commonly known as Gløshaugen
Gløshaugen
Gløshaugen is a location in Trondheim, Norway east of Elgeseter, west of Singsaker and north of Lerkendal where the main campus and buildings of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology is located. It was the location of the Norwegian Institute of Technology before it became a part of...
, after the geographical area in which it is situated.
History
The decision to establish a Norwegian national college of technology was made by the Norwegian parliament, the Storting, in 1900, after years of heated debate on where the institution should be located; many representatives felt that the capital KristianiaOslo
Oslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King...
was self-evident as the place for this nationally important seat of learning. However, eventually NTH was located in the geographically central city of Trondhjem
Trondheim
Trondheim , historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 173,486, it is the third most populous municipality and city in the country, although the fourth largest metropolitan area. It is the administrative centre of...
, based on an emerging policy of decentralisation as well as the city's existing and highly esteemed technical college (Trondhjems Tekniske Læreanstalt).
Five academical departments were originally present in the parliament's resolution of 31 May 1900:
- ArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
and city planning - Civil engineeringCivil engineeringCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...
- Mechanical engineeringMechanical engineeringMechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the...
(a. General and b. Naval, i.e. ship and ship engine construction) - Electrical engineeringElectrical engineeringElectrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...
- ChemistryChemistryChemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
(a. General and b. Electro-chemistry)
This section is in its early stages; more will be written as time permits. This will at least entail: 1) early years, pre-WWII history, incl Samfundet; 2) NTH during WWII; 3) possibly some info on each decade until '96, incl SINTEF, RUNIT, PVV, etc; and 4) end of independent NTH
Academic faculties
The academic structure of NTH during the last years before its inclusion in NTNUNorwegian University of Science and Technology
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology , commonly known as NTNU, is located in Trondheim. NTNU is the second largest of the eight universities in Norway, and, as its name suggests, has the main national responsibility for higher education in engineering and technology...
was as follows:
- Faculty of Architecture, with 5 Departments:
- Form and Colour Studies
- Building Technology
- Architectural History
- Arch. Design
- Town and Regional Planning
- Faculty of Applied Earth Science and Metallurgy, with 3 Departments:
- Metallurgy
- Geology and Mineral Resources
- Petroleum Technology and Applied Geophysics (see also Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics)
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, with 8 Departments:
- Building and Construction Engineering
- Geotechnical Engineering
- Road and Railway Engineering
- Transportation Engineering
- Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering
- Building Materials
- Structural Engineering
- Geodesy and Photogrammetry
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, with 5 Departments:
- Electrical Power Engineering
- Telecommunications
- Engineering Cybernetics
- Physical Electronics
- Computer Systems and Telematics
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, with 7 Departments:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
- Industrial Chemistry
- Industrial Biochemistry
- Biotechnology
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, with 6 Departments:
- Thermal Energy and Hydropower
- Machine Design and Materials Technology
- Production and Quality Engineering
- Applied Mechanics, Thermo- and Fluid Dynamics
- Heating and Ventilation
- Refrigeration Engineering
- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, with two Departments:
- Mathematics Sciences
- Physics
- Faculty of Marine Technology, with 4 Departments:
- Marine Systems Design
- Marine Structures
- Marine Hydrodynamics
- Marine Engineering
- Faculty of Economics and Industrial Management, with two Departments:
- Economics
- Organisation and Work Science (Norwegian abbreviation: ORAL)
- Center for Management Education (Norw. abbrev.: ULA)
- Technical University Library of Norway (Norw. abbrev.: NTUB)
- The national resource library of technology and architecture
- Locations: Technical Main Library as well as six Faculty Libraries on campus
Notable alumni
- Jens G. Balchen, electronics engr., professor, "father of Norwegian cybernetics", IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence...
fellow - Alf Egil Bogen, electronics engr., co-inventor of Atmel AVRAtmel AVRThe AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other...
µcontroller, co-founder of Atmel Norway - Ivar BrandvoldIvar BrandvoldIvar Brandvold is a Norwegian businessperson, currently the chief executive officer of Fred. Olsen Energy.He graduated from Norwegian Institute of Technology with a master's degree in mechanical engineering....
, Chief Operating OfficerChief operating officerA Chief Operating Officer or Director of Operations can be one of the highest-ranking executives in an organization and comprises part of the "C-Suite"...
of DNO ASADNO ASADNO International ASA is an independent international upstream oil and gas company. The company has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway and is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. DNO operates exploration licenses and producing assets in Yemen, the Kurdistan region of Iraq, Mozambique, Equatorial Guinea... - Helmer DahlHelmer DahlHelmer Hartmann Dahl was a Norwegian engineer.He graduated as an engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1931, and was hired at the Chr. Michelsen Institute in 1935. From 1942 to 1945 he was in exile in the United Kingdom...
, electronics engr., WWII radar and ASDICSonarSonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, communicate with or detect other vessels...
pioneer, research and industry mentor, technology historian - Johannes FalnesJohannes FalnesJohannes Falnes is a Professor Emeritus of Experimental Physics at the Department of Physics of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology noted for his contributions to wave energy research...
, wave energy researcher - Asbjorn Folling - chemical engr., discovery of PhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase , rendering it nonfunctional. This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine...
, Jahreprisen 1960 - Ivar GiaeverIvar GiaeverIvar Giaever is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson "for their discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in solids". Giaever's share of the prize was specifically for his "experimental discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in ......
, mechanical engr., physicist, 1973 Nobel laureate - Bjarne Hurlen, mechanical engr., army officer, defence industry executive (Kongsberg VåpenfabrikkKongsberg GruppenKongsberg Gruppen is Norway's major defence contractor and maritime automation supplier, located in Kongsberg, a former mining town....
1956–1975) - Ralph HøibakkRalph HøibakkRalph Høibakk is a Norwegian entrepreneur. He established the Tandberg Data company in 1978, which produced ergonomically designed laptops and keyboards. Høibakk left the company in 1986, and started Høibakk Invest, which provides management consulting for new enterprises...
, physicist, computer industry executive, mountaineer, adventurer (Seven SummitsSeven SummitsThe Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first postulated as such and achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass .-Definition:...
; South Pole) - Fred KavliFred KavliFred Kavli is a Norwegian and naturalized American physicist, business leader, inventor, and philanthropist. He was born in the village of Eresfjord, Nesset municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Today Kavli lives in the city of Santa Barbara, California. He established The Kavli...
, physicist, innovator, business leader (sensor technology: Kavlico Corp.), and philanthropist - Arne KorsmoArne KorsmoArne Korsmo was a leading architect in Norway and a propagator of the international architectural style.-Biography:...
- architect, professor, Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art IndustryNorwegian National Academy of Craft and Art IndustryThe Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry was established in 1818.In 1996 the National Academy of Craft and Art Industry became part of Oslo National Academy of the Arts .-Noted alumni:-External links:*... - Olav Landsverk, electronics engr., military weapon systems computer pioneer, professor
- John M. Lervik, electronics engr., co-founder and CEO of Fast Search & Transfer (FAST)
- Finn LiedFinn LiedFinn Lied is a Norwegian military researcher and politician for the Labour Party.By education he was a military officer, serving as captain in the army from 1944 to 1945, and civil engineer. From 1946 to 1956 he was a researcher at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, and from 1957 to...
, electronics engr., WWII resistance agent, defence research director, Minister of Industry - Terje Michalsen, electronics engr., venture capitalist
- Lars Monrad KrohnLars Monrad KrohnLars Monrad-Krohn is a Norwegian engineer and entrepreneur. He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology, Institute for Radio Technology, in 1959. His master thesis addressed construction of computer core memory and was the first computer-oriented thesis handed in at NTH...
, electronics engr., industrialist (mini- and microcomputers) - Ingvild Myhre, electronics engr., telecom industry executive (Alcatel Telecom Norway, TelenorTelenorTelenor Group is the incumbent telecommunications company in Norway, with headquarters located at Fornebu, close to Oslo. Today, Telenor Group is mostly an international wireless carrier with operations in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Asia, working predominantly under the Telenor brand...
Mobil) - Lars OnsagerLars OnsagerLars Onsager was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist, winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University....
, chemical engr., 1968 Nobel laureate - Venketa Parthasarathy, chemical engr., noted for work on wood pulpWood pulpPulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fibre crops or waste paper. Wood pulp is the most common raw material in papermaking.-History:...
and two-stage oxygen delignification - Erik RolfsenErik RolfsenErik Rolfsen was a Norwegian architect.Erik Rolfsen was born in Ålesund, More og Romsdal county, Norway. Rolfsen took his final exams at Kristiansund Public School in 1924. He attended the Drawing Academy in Paris during 1926...
, architect and city planner for OsloOsloOslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King... - Edgar B. Schieldrop, mechanical engr., student societyStudentersamfundet i TrondhjemThe Student Society in Trondheim is Norway's largest student society.Besides housing two cafés and frequently hosting concerts and other activities , it is an independent organization for all students and teachers in Trondheim, owned fully by its members...
co-founder, popular science & technology author - Rolf Skaar, cybernetics engr., industrialist (minicomputers), Norwegian Space Centre director
- Øystein Stray Spetalen, petroleum engr., Norwegian investor
- Berit Svendsen, telecom. engr., MTM, CTO of TelenorTelenorTelenor Group is the incumbent telecommunications company in Norway, with headquarters located at Fornebu, close to Oslo. Today, Telenor Group is mostly an international wireless carrier with operations in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Asia, working predominantly under the Telenor brand...
2000–. - Anders TalleraasAnders TalleraasAnders Talleraas is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal in 1977, and was re-elected on four occasions....
, mechanical engr., MP for 20 years, former Conservative party parliamentary leader - Vebjørn TandbergVebjørn TandbergVebjørn Tandberg was a Norwegian electronics engineer. An alumnus of the Norwegian Institute of Technology, founded Tandbergs Radiofabrikk of Oslo in 1933, and made it a great success....
, electronics engr., industrialist (radio, tape recording, television) - Theodore TheodorsenTheodore TheodorsenTheodore Theodorsen was a Norwegian-American theoretical aerodynamicist noted for his work at NACA and for his contributions to the study of turbulence.-Early years:Dr...
, Norwegian-American aerodynamicist - Leif TronstadLeif TronstadLeif Hans Larsen Tronstad DSO, OBE was a Norwegian scientist, intelligence officer and military organizer. He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1927 and was a prolific researcher and writer of academic publications...
, O.B.E.Order of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, chemist, nuclear chemistry scientist, planner and organiser of WWII's Operation GunnersideNorwegian heavy water sabotageThe Norwegian heavy water sabotage was a series of actions undertaken by Norwegian saboteurs during World War II to prevent the German nuclear energy project from acquiring heavy water , which could be used to produce nuclear weapons... - Tor Olav TrøimTor Olav TrøimTor Olav Trøim is a Norwegian businessperson and engineer. He holds a number of executive and board positions in John Fredriksen-controlled companies, and is often described as his right hand....
, marine engr., shipping and energy industry executive (Frontline, Seadrill) - John Ugelstad, chemical engr., known for his pioneering work on monodisperse polymer beads
- Tore M. Undeland, electrical engr., professor, international textbook author (Wiley), IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence...
fellow - Gjert Wilhelmsen, marine engr., co-founder of Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines
- Bror WithBror WithBror With , born in Norway's capital Kristiania, was a mechanical engineer, inventor and industrialist. He graduated in 1925 from the Norwegian Institute of Technology....
, mechanical engr., inventor of the RottefellaRottefellaRottefella is a Norwegian ski binding manufacturer.-Rottefella/Fischer Partnership:Taking effect beginning of the 2007-2008, Rottefella will be the official bindings of Fischer Skis boots. Presently, Fischer boots use the Salomon Nordic System Rottefella is a manufacturer of NNN bindings...
ski binding and Dromedille dinghy; WWII resistance agent - Vegard Wollan, electronics engr., co-inventor of Atmel AVRAtmel AVRThe AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other...
µcontroller, co-founder of Atmel Norway
Commercial impact
The following companies, or divisions of international companies, have been created directly or partly from NTH research and influence, including its contract research arm SINTEFSINTEF
SINTEF , headquartered in Trondheim, Norway, is the largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia. Every year, SINTEF supports research and development at 2,000 or so Norwegian and overseas companies via its research and development activity....
with spin-offs:
- 3d-Radar AS (advanced ground penetrating radar technology for shallow subsurface mapping in 3D3D computer graphics3D computer graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images...
) http://www.3d-radar.com - Atmel NorwayAtmel AVRThe AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other...
(inventors and designers of the Atmel AVRAtmel AVRThe AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other...
RISC microcontroller family, incl HW/SW tools) http://www.atmel.no - Ceetron AS (3D visualization and technical computing for oil & gas, plus aerospace, automotive, and consumer electronics) http://www.ceetron.com
- CyberneticaCyberneticaCybernetica is a Norwegian technology company with headquarters in Trondheim, Norway. Cybernetica delivers systems for model predictive control and soft-sensing, as well as performing research and problem-solving for hire within the field of process control, for customers within polymer, metal...
advanced process control, specializing in nonlinear model predicitive control - CorrOceanCorrOceanCorrOcean was a corporation that produces monitoring technology systems related to conventional and subsea oil and gas wells and industrial process piping...
(industrial/off-shore Corrosion MonitoringCorrosion MonitoringA corrosion monitoring program provides comprehensive monitoring of all critical components of industrial objects, assets, facilities and plants for signs of corrosion. For reliable operation it is important to identify the location, rate, and underlying causes of corrosion...
) http://www.corrocean.no - ErgoRunit AS (outsourcingOutsourcingOutsourcing is the process of contracting a business function to someone else.-Overview:The term outsourcing is used inconsistently but usually involves the contracting out of a business function - commonly one previously performed in-house - to an external provider...
services in IT system planning/administrationSystem administratorA system administrator, IT systems administrator, systems administrator, or sysadmin is a person employed to maintain and operate a computer system and/or network...
and accounting) http://www.ergorunit.no/ErgoRunit/ErgoRunit%20Trondheim.aspx (N) - Fast Search & Transfer (FAST) (inter/intranet search engineSearch engineA search engine is an information retrieval system designed to help find information stored on a computer system. The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits. Search engines help to minimize the time required to find information and the amount of information...
s; developers of alltheweb.com) http://www.fast.no - GE Vingmed Ultrasound, formerly Vingmed Sound (ultrasoundUltrasoundUltrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing. Ultrasound is thus not separated from "normal" sound based on differences in physical properties, only the fact that humans cannot hear it. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is...
-based imaging in medical diagnosis and surgery support systems) http://www.gemedicalsystemseurope.com/nono/ (N) - Marine Cybernetics, specialising in the testing and verification of ship and offshore structure control systems http://www.marinecybernetics.com/ (N)
- MARINTEK, The Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute, including MARINTEK (USA), Inc. http://www.marintek.sintef.no/eway/default0.asp?e=0&pid=209&lang=eng
- Nordic Semiconductor ASANordic SemiconductorNordic Semiconductor is a fabless semiconductor company, developing and manufacturing integrated circuits. The company specializes in wireless communication, mixed signal as well as complex digital and analogue integrated circuit design. High speed wireless communication in the 2.4 GHz ISM band,...
(ASICApplication-specific integrated circuitAn application-specific integrated circuit is an integrated circuit customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed solely to run a cell phone is an ASIC...
design, SoCs, RFRadio frequencyRadio frequency is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating currents which carry radio signals...
/mixed-signal hybrid ICIntegrated circuitAn integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material...
's) http://www.nordicsemi.no/index.cfm?obj=menu&act=displayMenu&men=65 - Oceanor (oceanographic measurements and real-time environmental monitoring in oceans, freshwater, and soil) http://www.oceanor.no
- Powel ASA (IT products/services for energy production companies) http://www.powel.com/?id=228
- Q-Free ASA; formerly Micro Design AS (radio systems for tolling, traffic information, parking, ticketing, access control, logistics) http://www.q-free.no
- Schlumberger Information Solutions Trondheim, formerly VoxelVision AS (3D visualization, mostly for oil & gas applications) http://www.sis.slb.com/content/about/news/2003/news_09082003.asp
- SINTEF, The Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at NTH (contract research corp, 1700 employees) http://www.sintef.no/eway/default0.asp?e=0&pid=199&lang=eng
- SINTEF Energy Research, SINTEF Petroleum Research, and SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture ²
- Sinvent Ltd., SINTEFs development and investment company
- Sun Microsystems Trondheim; formerly ClustRa Systems (high-availability, real-time databaseDatabaseA database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality , in a way that supports processes requiring this information...
technology) http://www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/2002-03/sunflash.20020319.2.html - Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies AS; acquired Systems in Motion AS (3D visualization software) http://www.kongsberg.com/kogt http://www.coin3d.org