Nothoclavulina
Encyclopedia
Nothoclavulina is a genus
of fungus
in the Tricholomataceae
family. The genus is monotypic
, containing the single species Nothoclavulina ditopa, described by American mycologist Rolf Singer
in 1970. The species, found in Argentina, is an anamorphic
version of the genus Arthrosporella
. The generic name Nothoclavulina is Latin
for "false Clavulina".
s measure 5 – by 1 –, and have a central strand of filamentous hypha
e. The surface is pulverulent—as if covered with a fine white powder. There are no basidia, basidiospore
s, nor clamp connection
s present in the hyphae. The fungus produces arthrospores, specialized uninucleate cells that function like a spore and formed vegetatively
. The arthrospores have thin walls, and are hyaline
(translucent) and smooth. The fungus is the anamorph
(asexual stage) of the species Arthrosporella ditopa; the arthroconidia are produced directly on the stem
of that species to give it a powdery appearance.
species, in the northwestern province of Tucumán
in Argentina. Found at an altitude 1000 metre, nearby plants in the area were from several genera, including Boehmeria
, Duranta
, Eugenia
, Phoebe
, and Piptadenia
.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of fungus
Fungus
A fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds , as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from plants, animals, and bacteria...
in the Tricholomataceae
Tricholomataceae
The Tricholomataceae are a large family of mushrooms within the Agaricales. A classic "wastebasket taxon", the Tricholomataceae is inclusive of any white-, yellow-, or pink-spored genera in the Agaricales not already classified as belonging to the Amanitaceae, Lepiotaceae, Hygrophoraceae,...
family. The genus is monotypic
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...
, containing the single species Nothoclavulina ditopa, described by American mycologist Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer was a German-born mycologist and one of the most important taxonomists of gilled mushrooms in the 20th century....
in 1970. The species, found in Argentina, is an anamorphic
Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
The terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.*Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage , typically a fruiting body....
version of the genus Arthrosporella
Arthrosporella
Arthrosporella is a genus of fungi in the Tricholomataceae family. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Arthrosporella ditopa, found in South America. The genus was described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1970....
. The generic name Nothoclavulina is Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
for "false Clavulina".
Description
The fungus white sporocarpSporocarp
Sporocarp can refer to any of several structures whose primary function is the production and release of spores.* Sporocarp , a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures are borne....
s measure 5 – by 1 –, and have a central strand of filamentous hypha
Hypha
A hypha is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, and also of unrelated Actinobacteria. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium; yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not grow as hyphae.-Structure:A hypha consists of one or...
e. The surface is pulverulent—as if covered with a fine white powder. There are no basidia, basidiospore
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. In grills under a cap of one common species in the phylum of...
s, nor clamp connection
Clamp connection
A clamp connection is a structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is created to ensure each septum, or segment of hypha separated by crossed walls, receives a set of differing nuclei, which are obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types...
s present in the hyphae. The fungus produces arthrospores, specialized uninucleate cells that function like a spore and formed vegetatively
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants. It is a process by which new individuals arise without production of seeds or spores...
. The arthrospores have thin walls, and are hyaline
Hyaline
The term hyaline denotes a substance with a glass-like appearance.-Histopathology:In histopathological medical usage, a hyaline substance appears glassy and pink after being stained with haematoxylin and eosin — usually it is an acellular, proteinaceous material...
(translucent) and smooth. The fungus is the anamorph
Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
The terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.*Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage , typically a fruiting body....
(asexual stage) of the species Arthrosporella ditopa; the arthroconidia are produced directly on the stem
Stipe (mycology)
thumb|150px|right|Diagram of a [[basidiomycete]] stipe with an [[annulus |annulus]] and [[volva |volva]]In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal...
of that species to give it a powdery appearance.
Habitat and distribution
The fungus was found by Singer in the late autumn of 1949, growing on rotting leaves and humus in subtropical forests dominated by MyrtaceaeMyrtaceae
The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here. All species are woody, with essential oils, and flower parts in multiples of four or five...
species, in the northwestern province of Tucumán
Tucumán
San Miguel de Tucumán is the capital of the Tucumán Province, located in northern Argentina at from Buenos Aires. It is the fifth biggest city of Argentina after Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario and Mendoza, and it is also the most important city of Northern Argentina...
in Argentina. Found at an altitude 1000 metre, nearby plants in the area were from several genera, including Boehmeria
Boehmeria
Boehmeria is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to Asia and North America. The species include herbaceous perennials, shrubs and small trees. Although related to nettles, this genus does not have stinging hairs...
, Duranta
Duranta
Duranta is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains 17 species of shrubs and small trees that are native from southern Florida to Mexico and South America...
, Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,000 species occur in the New World tropics, especially in the northern Andes, the Caribbean, and the...
, Phoebe
Phoebe (plant)
Phoebe is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae.-Overview:They are widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia and neotropical America region...
, and Piptadenia
Piptadenia
Piptadenia a genus of tropical shrubs and trees of the legume family.-Selected species:*Piptadenia gonoacantha J.F. Macbr.*Piptadenia micracantha Benth.*Piptadenia paniculata Benth....
.