November 1909
Encyclopedia
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The following events occurred in November 1909:
January 1909
January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in January 1909.-January 1, 1909 :...
– February
February 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in February 1909.-February 1, 1909 :...
– March
March 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in March, 1909.-March 1, 1909 :...
– April
April 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in April 1909.-April 1, 1909 :...
– May
May 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in May, 1909.-May 1, 1909 :...
– June
June 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in June 1909.-June 1, 1909 :...
– July
July 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in July 1909.-July 1, 1909 :...
– August
August 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in August 1909.-August 1, 1909 :...
– September
September 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in September 1909.-September 1, 1909 :...
– October
October 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in October 1909:-October 1, 1909 :...
– November – December
December 1909
January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – DecemberThe following events occurred in December 1909:-December 1, 1909 :...
November 1, 1909 (Monday)
- The Gran Quivira National Monument was established in the New MexicoNew MexicoNew Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
Territory by Proclamation No. 882 of President Taft. The ruins of the Pueblo Indians date to the 9th century, and those of the Spanish missionaries to the 17th century.
November 2, 1909 (Tuesday)
- On Stevens Street in Spokane, WashingtonSpokane, WashingtonSpokane is a city located in the Northwestern United States in the state of Washington. It is the largest city of Spokane County of which it is also the county seat, and the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest region...
, members of the Industrial Workers of the WorldIndustrial Workers of the WorldThe Industrial Workers of the World is an international union. At its peak in 1923, the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. Its membership declined dramatically after a 1924 split brought on by internal conflict...
began a challenge to a city ordinance that prohibited speaking on the city's streets. On the first day, 103 IWW members were arrested, and by month's end, more than 500 people had been locked up, until the ordiance was repealed. The Spokane free-speech protest received national attention, and led to similar fights for freedom of speech in other cities. - The Lambda Chi AlphaLambda Chi AlphaLambda Chi Alpha is one of the largest men's secret general fraternities in North America, having initiated more than 280,000 members and held chapters at more than 300 universities. It is a member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference and was founded by Warren A. Cole, while he was a...
fraternity was founded at Boston UniversityBoston UniversityBoston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers...
by student Warren A. Cole. By 2006, the 250,000th member of the fraternity had been initiated. - Voters approved the creation of Garden County, NebraskaGarden County, Nebraska-History:Garden County was formed in 1909 by popular vote. Voters in the general election of November 2, 1909, approved making the northern part of Deuel County into its own county...
, out of the northern part of Deuel CountyDeuel County, Nebraska-History:Deuel County was formed in 1889. It was named after Harry Porter Deuel, an early pioneer in this area.-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 2,098 people, 908 households, and 601 families residing in the county. The population density was 5 people per square mile . There were...
. - The city of Orland, CaliforniaOrland, CaliforniaOrland is a city in Glenn County, California. The population was 7,291 at the 2010 census, up from 6,281 at the 2000 census, making Orland the most populous city in Glenn County. Orland is located north of Willows, at an elevation of 259 feet . Interstate 5, passes west of the downtown area while...
, was incorporated. - Born: Fred LoweryFred LoweryFred Lowery was a blind professional whistler who recorded a #9 Billboard chart hit version of The High and the Mighty with conductor and arranger LeRoy Holmes. Lowery whistled with Horace Heidt and Vincent Lopez in the 1930s and 40s...
, "King of Whistlers", in Palestine, TexasPalestine, TexasPalestine is a city in Anderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 17,598, and 18,458 in the 2009 estimate. It is the county seat of Anderson County and is situated in East Texas...
(d.1984)
November 3, 1909 (Wednesday)
- In Paris, Henry FarmanHenry FarmanHenri Farman Henri Farman Henri Farman (26 May 1874 – 17 July 1958 was a French pilot, aviator and aircraft designer and manufacturer with his brother Maurice Farman. His family was British and he took French nationality in 1937.-Biography:...
broke the duration record for an airplane flight, staying airborne for four hours over 144 miles (231.7 km). - Lt. George SweetGeorge SweetGeorge Sweet was an English-born Australian geologist, president of the Royal Society of Victoria in 1905.Sweet investigated fossils in the Mansfield district for Frederick McCoy 1888-95, and was second-in-command to Sir Edgeworth David on the Funafuti expedition in 1897...
became the first U.S. Navy officer to fly in an airplane, as passenger for nine minutes on the Wright Flyer, piloted by Army Lt. Frank P. Lahm. - The city of Limon, ColoradoLimon, ColoradoLimon is a Statutory Town that is the most populous town in Lincoln County, Colorado, United States immediately east of Elbert County. The population was 2,071 at the 2000 census. Limon has been called the "Hub City" of Eastern Colorado because Interstate 70, U.S. Highways 24, 40, and 287, and...
, was incorporated.
November 4, 1909 (Thursday)
- The Finance Bill that governed the budget for British reforms was passed by the British House of CommonsBritish House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
by a wide margin, 379–149, and proceeded to the House of LordsHouse of LordsThe House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
, where it was less likely to pass. - The day "when pigs fly" arrived, when British aviator Lord BrabazonJohn Moore-Brabazon, 1st Baron Brabazon of TaraJohn Theodore Cuthbert Moore-Brabazon, 1st Baron Brabazon of Tara, GBE, MC, PC was an English aviation pioneer and Conservative politician...
carried a small pig aloft on an airplane flight, marking also the first "live cargo" flight. - The first airplane flew in Wisconsin, as Arthur P. Warner piloted his own Warner-Curtiss aircraft over Beloit.
- The city of Spooner, WisconsinSpooner, WisconsinSpooner is a city in Washburn County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,653 at the 2000 census. The city is located mostly within the southwest corner of the Town of Spooner, with a small portion extending into the Town of Beaver Brook on the south, the Town of Bashaw on the southwest,...
, was chartered
November 5, 1909 (Friday)
- The United States Armed ForcesUnited States armed forcesThe United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.The United States has a strong tradition of civilian control of the military...
lost its only airplane, when the Army's Wright Military Flyer was severely damaged during a landing at the College Park Airport in Maryland. A year later, when a Congressional investigation determined "that our entire Air Force consisted of one wrecked plane, one pilot, and 9 enlisted men", funding was voted for the purchase of new aircraft on March 3, 1911. - At New Orleans, passengers arriving from Belize reported that the entire Navy of HondurasHondurasHonduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
had been sunk. The warship Tatumbia, a converted tugboat, collided with a freighter at the Puerto CortésPuerto Cortés-Geography:It is on the Caribbean Sea coast, north of San Pedro Sula and east of Omoa, at 15.85° N, 87.94° W. It has a natural bay.It is Honduras's main sea port and it is considered the most important seaport in Central America...
and sank, but no lives were lost. - William Henry PickeringWilliam Henry PickeringWilliam Henry Pickering was an American astronomer, brother of Edward Charles Pickering. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1883.-Work:...
, the Harvard University astronomer, announced that Earth would pass through the tail of Halley's Comet on May 18, 1910. - Federal Judge Frank Hutton ruled, in Los Angeles, that Arabs and other Middle Easterners were of the White race. American immigration authorities had denied a Mr. Shishim a petition to become a citizen on the grounds that Arabs were Asiatic, and barred under a law against the naturalization of "Mongolians".
- The first Woolworth'sWoolworths GroupWoolworths Group plc was a listed British company that owned the high-street retail chain, Woolworths, as well as other brands such as the entertainment distributor Entertainment UK and book and resource distributor Bertram Books...
department store in Britain opened in Liverpool, as the American chain expanded into Europe.
November 6, 1909 (Saturday)
- Notre Dame defeated MichiganMichigan Wolverines footballThe Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history...
11–3 at Ann Arbor. Wolverines' coach Fielding H. Yost commented "I take my hat off to the Irishmen", and reporter E.A. BatchelorEdward A. BatchelorEdward Armistead Batchelor, Sr. , also known as "Batch" and "E.A.", was an American sportswriter and editor for the The Providence Journal, the Detroit Free Press, and The Detroit News. He was one of the charter members of the Baseball Writers Association of America upon its founding in October...
of the Detroit Free Press gave Notre Dame a nickname that stuck. Beneath the headline "U. of M. Outplayed and Beaten By the Notre Dame Eleven" was the subhead "Shorty Longman's Fighting Irishmen Humble the Wolverines to Tune of 11 to 3"., the first U.S. Navy submarine and first of the Plunger class submarinePlunger class submarineThe Plunger-class was an early class of United States Navy submarines, used primarily as training vessels for the newly formed "silent service" to familiarize navy personnel with the performance and operations of such craft. Most of these "A-class" submarines ended up being stationed in the...
s, was decommissioned.
November 7, 1909 (Sunday)
- Wilfreid Robinson, editor of the Roswell Register-Tribune, declined an offer to be made Governor of the Territory of New Mexico. George CurryGeorge CurryGeorge Curry may refer to:*George Curry , Governor of New Mexico Territory and U.S. Representative*George Law Curry , U.S. politician*George Curry *S. George Curry , Canadian architect-See also:...
was succeeded instead, on March 1, 1910, by William J. MillsWilliam J. MillsWilliam Joseph Mills was an American jurist who served three terms as the Chief Justice of the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court and as the nineteenth and final Governor of New Mexico Territory.-Background:...
, the 19th and last Territorial Governor. Robinson preferred to continue editing the newspaper. - Born: Nellie CampobelloNellie CampobelloNellie Francisca Ernestina Campobello Luna, born María Francisca Moya Luna , was a Mexican writer...
, founder of the Mexican ballet, in Villa OcampoVilla OcampoVilla Ocampo is the former house of Victoria Ocampo , one of Latin America's greatest cultural figures, founder and director of Sur magazine...
(d. 1986) - Died: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., eight months, son of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt
November 8, 1909 (Monday)
- Victor HémeryVictor HémeryVictor Hémery was a champion driver of early Grand Prix motor racing who was born in Sillé-le-Guillaume, France, Sarthe, France. In 1904 he joined Automobiles Darracq S.A. as their chief tester and helped prepare cars to compete in that year's Gordon Bennett Cup...
of France became the first person to drive an automobile faster than 200 kilometers per hour, and the first to go faster than 125 miles (201.2 km) per hour. At the Brooklands track in England, his speed in a 200 PS Benz was 202.7 km/h (125.94 mph). - Born: Katharine HepburnKatharine HepburnKatharine Houghton Hepburn was an American actress of film, stage, and television. In a career that spanned 62 years as a leading lady, she was best known for playing strong-willed, sophisticated women in both dramas and comedies...
, American actress, in Hartford (d. 2003)
November 9, 1909 (Tuesday)
- Louis ChevroletLouis ChevroletLouis-Joseph Chevrolet was a Swiss-born American race car driver of French descent, co-founder of the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in 1911 and later, the Frontenac Motor Corporation in 1916 which made racing parts for Ford's Model T.-Early life:Born in 1878 in La Chaux-de-Fonds, a center of...
won the inaugural 200 miles (321.9 km) stock chassis race at the Atlanta motor raceway, becoming the first person to go that distance in less than three hours (2:46:48). He drove a Buick, and would soon have an entire line of General Motors automobiles named for him. Lewis StrangLewis StrangLewis Strang was an American racecar driver. Strang was pole sitter for the inaugural Indianapolis 500. He was killed in a testing accident, becoming the first Indy 500 veteran to die....
bettered, by five seconds, Barney OldfieldBarney OldfieldBerna Eli "Barney" Oldfield was an automobile racer and pioneer. He was born on a farm on the outskirts of Wauseon, Ohio. He was the first man to drive a car at 60 miles per hour on an oval...
's record for one mile (1.6 km), covering it in 37.30 seconds. - Born: Paweł Jasienica, Polish dissident author, in Simbirsk, Russia (d. 1970)
November 10, 1909 (Wednesday)
- At a presentation to the Vienna Psychoanalytic SocietyVienna Psychoanalytic SocietyThe Vienna Psychoanalytic Society was formerly known as the Wednesday Psychological Society. They commenced their meetings in Freud’s apartment in 1902...
, Dr. Isidor Sadger first described narcissismNarcissismNarcissism is a term with a wide range of meanings, depending on whether it is used to describe a central concept of psychoanalytic theory, a mental illness, a social or cultural problem, or simply a personality trait...
as a personality disorderNarcissistic personality disorderNarcissistic personality disorder is a personality disorder in which the individual is described as being excessively preoccupied with issues of personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity...
as part of his presentation "A Case of Multiform Perversion". Sigmund FreudSigmund FreudSigmund Freud , born Sigismund Schlomo Freud , was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis...
expanded upon the narcissistic personality in later works. - The college fight song On Wisconsin was performed for the first time, sung by the University of Wisconsin Glee Club. W.T. Purdy, who had written the melody (words by Carl Beck) performed the song the next day at a pep rally.
- Brennan's monorail, a monorail train with two gyroscopes for stability, was successfully demonstrated by Louis BrennanLouis BrennanLouis Brennan was an Irish-Australian mechanical engineer and inventor.Brennan was born in Castlebar, Ireland, and moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1861 with parents...
in GillinghamGillingham, KentGillingham is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. The town includes the settlements of Brompton, Hempstead, Rainham, Rainham Mark and Twydall....
, England, with 40 persons on board. Although Brennan predicted that a single rail train could be faster and safer than double rails, fear over a failure of the gyroscopes kept the invention from ever being used. - Born: Johnny MarksJohnny MarksJohnny Marks was an American songwriter. Although he was Jewish, he specialized in Christmas songs and wrote many standards, including "Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer" , "I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day" , "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" , and "A Holly...
, American songwriter (Rudolph the Red-Nosed ReindeerRudolph the Red-Nosed ReindeerRudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer is a fictional reindeer with a glowing red nose. He is popularly known as "Santa's 9th Reindeer" and, when depicted, is the lead reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve. The luminosity of his nose is so great that it illuminates the team's path through...
), in Mount Vernon, New YorkMount Vernon, New YorkMount Vernon is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It lies on the border of the New York City borough of The Bronx.-Overview:...
(d. 1985); and Robert Arthur, Jr., mystery writer (Three InvestigatorsThree InvestigatorsThe Three Investigators is an American juvenile detective book series first published as "Alfred Hitchcock and the Three Investigators" but also expanded in Germany. It was created by Robert Arthur, Jr., who believed using a famous figure such as movie director Hitchcock would attract attention....
series), at Corregidor, the Philippines (d. 1969)
November 11, 1909 (Thursday)
- The river town of Cairo, IllinoisCairo, IllinoisCairo is the southernmost city in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is the county seat of Alexander County. Cairo is located at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The rivers converge at Fort Defiance State Park, an American Civil War fort that was commanded by General Ulysses S. Grant...
, was the scene of one of the most gruesome lynchings in American history. Will "Froggy" James, an African-American charged with the murder of a white woman (Annie Pelley, age 22), was taken from the Sheriff's custody by a mob, then hanged from an arch at 8th and Commercial Street, in front of thousands of cheering spectators, at . Three hours later, Henry Salzner, a White man charged with murdering his wife, was taken from the county jail and hanged from a telegraph pole at 21st and Washington Street. In James's case, the rope broke and men in the mob riddled him with hundreds of bullets, then butchered the body, placing the severed head upon a pole and cutting the rest for souvenirs, before burning what remained. Order was restored only after the state militia was called out by Governor Deneen. - Born: Robert RyanRobert RyanRobert Bushnell Ryan was an American actor who often played hardened cops and ruthless villains.-Early life and career:...
, American actor, in ChicagoChicagoChicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
(d. 1973)
November 12, 1909 (Friday)
- The colonial government in British SomalilandBritish SomalilandBritish Somaliland was a British protectorate in the northern part of present-day Somalia. For much of its existence, British Somaliland was bordered by French Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland. From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa...
was ordered by London to relocate all personnel to the coastal towns, leaving the interior to the dervishDervishA Dervish or Darvesh is someone treading a Sufi Muslim ascetic path or "Tariqah", known for their extreme poverty and austerity, similar to mendicant friars in Christianity or Hindu/Buddhist/Jain sadhus.-Etymology:The Persian word darvīsh is of ancient origin and descends from a Proto-Iranian...
es led by Muhammad AbdileMohammed Abdullah HassanSayyīd Muhammad `Abd Allāh al-Hasan was a Somali religious and patriotic leader...
, whom they had been fighting for seven years. Afterward, the fight against Abdile was done by the WarsangaliWarsangaliThe Warsangeli , is a Somali clan, part of the Harti confederation of Darod sub-clans...
people, aided by British financial assistance. - Born: Bukka WhiteBukka WhiteBooker T. Washington White , better known as Bukka White, was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer. "Bukka" was not a nickname, but a phonetic misspelling of White's given name Booker, by his second record label .-Biography:Born between Aberdeen and Houston, Mississippi, White was the...
, American blues musician, near Houston, MississippiHouston, MississippiHouston is a city in and one of two county seats of Chickasaw County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 4,079 at the 2000 census. The land on which Houston, MS resides was donated to the city by Judge Joel Pinson on the condition that it would be named for Sam Houston, a childhood...
(d. 1977); and Laxmi Prasad DevkotaLaxmi Prasad DevkotaLaxmi Prasad Devkota , was a Nepali poet.Devkota is considered to be one of the best writers in Nepal. He is best known for the poem "Muna Madan". There are several tributes to the poem Muna Madan...
, Nepalese poet, in Kathmandu (d. 1959) - Died: Frank PatonFrank PatonFrank Paton was an English artist of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, best known for his paintings of animals and scenes of rural life. He was a successful artist during his lifetime and could even count Queen Victoria as an admirer of his work...
, 54, English illustrator
November 13, 1909 (Saturday)
- The Cherry Mine DisasterCherry Mine DisasterThe Cherry Mine Disaster is the name for the events surrounding a fire in the Cherry, Illinois, USA coal mine in 1909 in which 259 men and boys died.-Background:...
, the third deadliest coal mine accident in United States history, killed 247 coal miners, and 12 rescuers. Another 234 were saved by the rescue team that descended into the shaft six times, but failed to return on the seventh trip. A blaze started inside a mine shaft between noon and . A carload of hay bales had been set too near to a kerosene torch. Fed by the ventilation system, the flames spread to the mine timbers and asphyxiated half of the men and boys working inside. As the third major mine disaster in as many years, the fire at Cherry, IllinoisCherry, IllinoisCherry is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. The population was 509 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area...
, led to the creation of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and the first workers' compensationWorkers' compensationWorkers' compensation is a form of insurance providing wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence...
legislation in the United States.
November 14, 1909 (Sunday)
- Joshua SlocumJoshua SlocumJoshua Slocum was the first man to sail single-handedly around the world. He was a Canadian born, naturalised American seaman and adventurer, and a noted writer. In 1900 he told the story of this in Sailing Alone Around the World...
had, in 1898, made the first solo circumnavigation of the globe, sailing in his yacht, the Spray. After refitting the Spray for another voyage, Slocum departed from Martha's Vineyard and was never seen again. - Marguerite SteinheilMarguerite SteinheilMarguerite Jeanne "Meg" Steinheil, Lady Abinger was a French woman famous in connection with the deaths of President Félix Faure and her own husband and stepmother.-Early life:...
, a wealthy socialite, was acquitted in Paris of charges of the murder of her husband, Adolphe Steinheil, and her mother, Mme. Edouard Japy. - Buenos AiresBuenos AiresBuenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
Police Chief Ramon Falcon was assassinated by Simon Radowitzky, a Russian Jewish anarchist. The backlash that followed against immigrants, Jews and labor organizers was later described as the first of the "Buenos Aires Pogroms".
November 15, 1909 (Monday)
- The U.S. Secret Service broke the last remains of the counterfeiting ring operated by the Joseph Morello syndicate, rounding up 14 Mafiosi at locations across New York
November 16, 1909 (Tuesday)
- AT&TAT&TAT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation headquartered in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the largest provider of mobile telephony and fixed telephony in the United States, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services...
acquired a 25 percent ownership of the Western UnionWestern UnionThe Western Union Company is a financial services and communications company based in the United States. Its North American headquarters is in Englewood, Colorado. Up until 2006, Western Union was the best-known U.S...
Telegraph Company by purchasing the stock owned by George J. Gould. - The University of PittsburghUniversity of PittsburghThe University of Pittsburgh, commonly referred to as Pitt, is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on what was then the American frontier, Pitt is one of the oldest continuously chartered institutions of...
Publicity Committee officially adopted the nickname "Panthers" for its athletic teams, on suggestion from undergraduate student George Baird. - Representatives from Britain, the U.S., France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain and Austria-Hungary met in London as part of the Ninth International Geographic Conference project for "the standardization of an international map on the scale of 1:1,000,000".
- Born: Khalifatul Mashih IIIMirza Nasir AhmadHafiz Mirza Nasir Ahmad was Khalifatul Masih III, head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. He was elected as the third successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on November 8, 1965, the day after the death of his predecessor and father, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad.Nasir Ahmad is credited with...
of the Ahmadiyya Community (d. 1982)
November 17, 1909 (Wednesday)
- Leonard Groce and Lee Roy Cannon, two Americans who had served as mercenaries in a rebellion in NicaraguaNicaraguaNicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
, were executed by a firing squad at . The two men had been captured while laying mines in the San Juan River in an attempt to blow up the troop ship Diamante. The incident became the pretext for the overthrow, with American assistance, of PresidentPresident of NicaraguaThe position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
José Santos ZelayaJosé Santos ZelayaJosé Santos Zelaya López was the President of Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.-Early life:He was a son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, born in Nicaragua, and mistress Juana López Ramírez...
.
- Arthur WieferichArthur WieferichArthur Josef Alwin Wieferich was a German mathematician and teacher, remembered for his work on number theory....
was awarded the Wolfskehl prize and 1,000 marks for a partial proof of Fermat's last theorem. The theorem, first postulated by Pierre de FermatPierre de FermatPierre de Fermat was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his adequality...
, was finally proven in 1995.
November 18, 1909 (Thursday)
- Born: Johnny MercerJohnny MercerJohn Herndon "Johnny" Mercer was an American lyricist, songwriter and singer. He is best known as a lyricist, but he also composed music. He was also a popular singer who recorded his own songs as well as those written by others...
, songwriter (Accentuate the Positive, etc., d.1976) - Died: Liao TiandingLiao TiandingLiao Tianding is a legendary Taiwan Robin Hood figure who foiled oppressive rulers during the period of the Japanese occupation of Taiwan.Liao Tianding was the subject of an extremely popular modern dance composition by Cloud Gate Dance Theater of Taiwan....
, the "Robin Hood of Taiwan", was killed by Japanese soldiers occupying Taiwan. Liao became a martyr for Taiwanese independence.
November 19, 1909 (Friday)
- Led by the Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
, Christian church leaders and 50 M.P.s in Britain assembled at Albert HallAlbert HallAlbert P. Hall is an American actor.Born in Brighton, Alabama, Hall graduated from the Columbia University School of the Arts in 1971. That same year he appeared Off-Broadway in The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel and on Broadway in the Melvin Van Peebles musical Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death...
against the abuses by Belgium in the Congo Free StateCongo Free StateThe Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa which was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. Its origins lay in Leopold's attracting scientific, and humanitarian backing for a non-governmental organization, the Association internationale africaine...
. - The Neurological Institute of New YorkNeurological Institute of New YorkThe Neurological Institute of New York is located at 710 West 168th Street in New York City in the United States of America. Its current building was constructed in the 1950s...
, the first hospital in North America devoted to treating diseases of the nervous system, opened. - Born: Peter DruckerPeter DruckerPeter Ferdinand Drucker was an influential writer, management consultant, and self-described “social ecologist.”-Introduction:...
, American management expert, in ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, Austria (d.2005)
November 20, 1909 (Saturday)
- Standard Oil of New Jersey, the megacorporation that controlled most of the oil industry, was ordered dissolved by the federal court for the Eastern District of Missouri, on grounds that the company was "a combination and conspiracy in restraint of trade and its continued execution" in violation of antitrust law (173 Fed.Rep. 197). Appeal was taken directly to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the decision on May 15, 1911, breaking up the Standard Oil trust.
- YaleYale Bulldogs footballThe Yale Bulldogs football program represents Yale University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision . Yale's football program is one of the oldest in the world, having begun competing in the sport in 1872...
with a 9–0–0 record and nine straight shutouts, traveled to Cambridge to meet unbeaten (8–0–0) HarvardHarvard Crimson footballThe Harvard Crimson football program represents Harvard University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision . Harvard's football program is one of the oldest in the world, having begun competing in the sport in 1873...
in the final game of the season for both teams. Yale won, 8–0, and was acknowledged as college football's champion. - Liliuokalani, the last Queen of Hawai'i, filed suit in the United States Court of ClaimsUnited States Court of ClaimsThe Court of Claims was a federal court that heard claims against the United States government. It was established in 1855 as the Court of Claims, renamed in 1948 to the United States Court of Claims , and abolished in 1982....
to seek $450,000 compensation for confiscation of the 1800000 acres (7,284.3 km²) owned by the monarchy until its abolition in 1893. The Court ruled against her on May 16, 1910, in Liliuokalani v. United States of America, 45 carat (9 g). Claims 418. - A.F. Draper, New York Commissioner of Education, prohibited Bible readings in the state's public schools. The complaint had been brought two years earlier by Father Charles Logue, a Catholic priest from FreeportFreeport, New YorkFreeport is a village in the town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, USA, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 42,860 at the 2010 census. A settlement since the 1640s, it was once an oystering community and later a resort popular with the New York City theater community...
, on Long Island.
November 21, 1909 (Sunday)
- Loyola University ChicagoLoyola University ChicagoLoyola University Chicago is a private Jesuit research university located in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1870 under the title St...
was created after St. Ignatius College expanded to include the new Stritch School of MedicineStritch School of MedicineStritch School of Medicine is the medical school affiliated with Loyola University Chicago. It is located at the heart of the Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois. The medical campus includes Foster G...
. - President Taft and Secretary of State Knox met for two hours at the White House, after which a statement was issued that the United States would demand reparitions from NicaraguaNicaraguaNicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
for the execution of two Americans days earlier. The transport USS Buffalo was ordered to proceed to Nicaragua at top speed. - Adolf von HarnackAdolf von HarnackAdolf von Harnack , was a German theologian and prominent church historian.He produced many religious publications from 1873-1912....
, presented a secret memorandum to Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II, outlining the need for German scientific research to keep pace with the rest of the world. From the proposal came the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute.
November 22, 1909 (Monday)
- The New York shirtwaist strike of 1909New York shirtwaist strike of 1909The New York shirtwaist strike of 1909, also known as the Uprising of the 20,000, was a labor strike primarily involving Jewish women working in New York shirtwaist factories. Led by Clara Lemlich and supported by the National Women's Trade Union League of America , the strike began in November 1909...
began with a rally at Cooper UnionCooper UnionThe Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, commonly referred to simply as Cooper Union, is a privately funded college in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, United States, located at Cooper Square and Astor Place...
. Spurred on by teenage factory worker Clara LemlichClara LemlichClara Lemlich Shavelson was a leader of the Uprising of 20,000, the massive strike of shirtwaist workers in New York's garment industry in 1909. Later blacklisted from the industry for her labor union work, she became a member of the Communist Party USA and a consumer activist...
, more than 20,000 workers in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' UnionInternational Ladies' Garment Workers' UnionThe International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union was once one of the largest labor unions in the United States, one of the first U.S. unions to have a primarily female membership, and a key player in the labor history of the 1920s and 1930s...
walked off the job for 14 weeks. - A meteorMETEORMETEOR is a metric for the evaluation of machine translation output. The metric is based on the harmonic mean of unigram precision and recall, with recall weighted higher than precision...
lit up the skies in AlabamaAlabamaAlabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...
at 7:30 in the evening, breaking in two and impacting in Russell CountyRussell County, AlabamaRussell County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Colonel Gilbert C. Russell, who fought in the wars against the Creek Indians. As of 2010, the population was 52,947...
, near McCulloch's Station. Reports from MontgomeryMontgomery, AlabamaMontgomery is the capital of the U.S. state of Alabama, and is the county seat of Montgomery County. It is located on the Alabama River southeast of the center of the state, in the Gulf Coastal Plain. As of the 2010 census, Montgomery had a population of 205,764 making it the second-largest city...
said that the impact felt like an earthquake. - Born: Mikhail MilMikhail MilMikhail Leontyevich Mil ; 22 November 1909 - 31 January 1970 was a Soviet aerospace engineer. He was founder of the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, which is responsible for many well-known Soviet helicopter models.-Biography:...
, Soviet helicopter designer (d. 1970)
November 23, 1909 (Tuesday)
- Mount Aspiring/Tititea, at 9,957 feet (3,033 m) the highest peak in New Zealand was climbed for the first time. Bernard Head, Jack Clarke and Alec Graham made the ascent to the top.
- Born: Nigel TranterNigel TranterNigel Tranter OBE was a Scottish historian and author.-Early life:Nigel Tranter was born in Glasgow and educated at George Heriot's School in Edinburgh. He trained as an accountant and worked in Scottish National Insurance Company, founded by his uncle. In 1933 he married May Jean Campbell Grieve...
, Scottish author, in GlasgowGlasgowGlasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
(d. 2000)
November 24, 1909 (Wednesday)
- W. Cameron Forbes was inaugurated as Governor-General of the PhilippinesGovernor-General of the PhilippinesThe Governor-General of the Philippines was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed mainly by Spain and the United States, and briefly by Great Britain, from 1565 to 1935....
, succeeding James F. Smith. - Born: Gerhard GentzenGerhard GentzenGerhard Karl Erich Gentzen was a German mathematician and logician. He had his major contributions in the foundations of mathematics, proof theory, especially on natural deduction and sequent calculus...
, German logician, in GreifswaldGreifswaldGreifswald , officially, the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald is a town in northeastern Germany. It is situated in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, at an equal distance of about from Germany's two largest cities, Berlin and Hamburg. The town borders the Baltic Sea, and is crossed...
(d. 1945)
November 25, 1909 (Thursday)
- The Rusjan BrothersEdvard RusjanEdvard Rusjan was a Slovene flight pioneer and airplane constructor. He died in an airplane crash in Belgrade.- Biography :Rusjan was born in Trieste, then the major port of Austria-Hungary...
, Edvard and Josip, of SloveniaSloveniaSlovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
, flew the first Eastern European airplane, the EDA I, at GoricaGoriziaGorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
, now GoriziaGoriziaGorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
, Italy, but at the time Görz, Austria-HungaryAustria-HungaryAustria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
. With Edvard piloting, the EDA I flew 60 meters. Four days later, EDA I flew 600 meters at Gorica. Coincidentally, future World War II ace Cvitan GalićCvitan GalicCvitan Galić was a Croatian World War II fighter ace.Galić was born on November 29, 1909 in the village of Gorica near Ljubuški. He finished grade school in the town of Sovići. In 1927 he was transferred to the Yugoslav Royal Air Force and finished its pilot academy in Mostar by 1932.During the...
was born on November 29, 1909, in Gorica. - Dan PatchDan PatchDan Patch was the outstanding pacer of his day. Dan Patch broke world speed records at least 14 times in the early 1900s, finally setting the world's record for the fastest mile by a harness horse during a time trial in 1906, a record that stood unmatched for 32 years.-Life:He was a brown...
, the legendary harness racing horse, ran his final race at a track in New Orleans, at the age of 13. The horse died in 1916.
November 26, 1909 (Friday)
- The Sigma Alpha MuSigma Alpha MuSigma Alpha Mu , also known as "Sammy", is a college fraternity founded at the City College of New York in 1909. Originally only for Jewish men, Sigma Alpha Mu remained so until 1953, when members from all backgrounds were accepted. Originally headquartered in New York, Sigma Alpha Mu has...
fraternity was founded. The first chapter was at City College of New YorkCity College of New YorkThe City College of the City University of New York is a senior college of the City University of New York , in New York City. It is also the oldest of the City University's twenty-three institutions of higher learning...
. - Born: Eugène IonescoEugène IonescoEugène Ionesco was a Romanian and French playwright and dramatist, and one of the foremost playwrights of the Theatre of the Absurd...
, French absurdist playwright; in Slatina, RomaniaSlatina, RomaniaSlatina is the capital city of Olt county, Romania, on the river Olt.The city administers one village, Cireaşov.-History:The town of Slatina was first mentioned on January 20, 1368 in an official document issued by Vladislav I Vlaicu, Prince of Wallachia. The document stated that merchants from...
(d. 1994); Ramón Villeda MoralesRamón Villeda MoralesRamón Villeda Morales is a municipality in the Honduran department of Gracias a Dios....
, President of HondurasHondurasHonduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
, 1957–1963; (d. 1971); Henry W. Newson, American nuclear physicist, in Lawrence, KansasLawrence, KansasLawrence is the sixth largest city in the U.S. State of Kansas and the county seat of Douglas County. Located in northeastern Kansas, Lawrence is the anchor city of the Lawrence, Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Douglas County...
(d. 1978); and Frances DeeFrances DeeFrances Marion Dee was an American actress. She starred opposite Maurice Chevalier in the early talkie musical, The Playboy of Paris...
, American actress, in Los Angeles (d. 2004)
November 27, 1909 (Saturday)
- The Hague Convention of 1907 was ratified by the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, China, the Netherlands and other nations "to adapt to maritime warfare the principles of the Geneva Convention of the 6th July, 1906"
- U.S. forces arrived at Nicaragua, landing at BluefieldsBluefieldsBluefields is the capital of the municipality of the same name, and of Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur in Nicaragua. It was also capital of the former Zelaya Department, which was divided into North and South Atlantic Autonomous Regions...
, to prepare an invasion. Nicaraguan President Zelaya was given an ultimatum of , November 28, to guarantee protection of American citizens and to explain the execution of two American mercenaries the week before. - The North-American Interfraternity ConferenceNorth-American Interfraternity ConferenceThe North-American Interfraternity Conference , is an association of collegiate men's fraternities that was formally organized in 1910, although it began on November 27, 1909. The power of the organization rests in a House of Delegates where each member fraternity is represented by a single delegate...
was organized by 26 fraternities. - Born: James AgeeJames AgeeJames Rufus Agee was an American author, journalist, poet, screenwriter and film critic. In the 1940s, he was one of the most influential film critics in the U.S...
, American author, in Knoxville, TennesseeKnoxville, TennesseeFounded in 1786, Knoxville is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of Tennessee, U.S.A., behind Memphis and Nashville, and is the county seat of Knox County. It is the largest city in East Tennessee, and the second-largest city in the Appalachia region...
(d. 1955)
November 28, 1909 (Sunday)
- Rachmaninoff's Concerto No. 3 in D MinorPiano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)The Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 30, composed in 1909 by Sergei Rachmaninoff is famous for its technical and musical demands on the performer...
, nicknamed the "Rach 3", was presented for the first time by composer Sergei RachmaninoffSergei RachmaninoffSergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, one of the last great representatives of Romanticism in Russian classical music...
, as part of his tour of the United States. Played by the New York Symphony at the New Theatre, the concerto included a piano solo, which Rachmaninoff played. The difficult piece has been described as having "some of the blackest pages in the piano repertoire, so densely packed they are with notes". - Born: Lotta HitschmanovaLotta HitschmanovaLotta Hitschmanova, was a Canadian humanitarian. In 1945, she helped to found USC Canada as the Unitarian Service Committee of Canada...
, Canadian humanitarian and founder of USC CanadaUSC CanadaUSC Canada is a non-profit, international development organization working to improve livelihoods by promoting agricultural biodiversity. The organization was founded in 1945 by Lotta Hitschmanova as the Unitarian Service Committee of Canada....
, in PraguePraguePrague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
, Austria-HungaryAustria-HungaryAustria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
(d. 1990)
November 29, 1909 (Monday)
- The United Kingdom moved forward in the arms race as it began production of the first "super-dreadnought" battleships, as the keel was laid for . The ships were the first to carry the BL 13.5 inch Mk V naval guns, which could fire a 1,250 pound, armor-piercing shell a distance of 21.8 km (13.5 mi).
- The Taube, Austria-HungaryAustria-HungaryAustria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
's first aircraft, was flown by its designer, Igo EtrichIgo EtrichIgnaz "Igo" Etrich , Austrian flight pioneer, pilot and fixed-wing aircraft developer.- Education :...
, at Wiener NeustadtWiener Neustadt-Main sights:* The Late-Romanesque Dom, consecrated in 1279 and cathedral from 1469 to 1785. The choir and transept, in Gothic style, are from the 14th century. In the late 15th century 12 statues of the Apostles were added in the apse, while the bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl is attributed to...
. - In a celebrated murder case, Ocey SneadOcey SneadOceana Wardlaw Martin Snead aka Ocey Snead, was drugged and drowned in East Orange, New Jersey by her own family to collect $32,000 in insurance money.-Birth and family:...
was drugged and drowned by her wealthy aunts, the Wardlow sisters, who were trying to collect on $20,000 of insurance. - Born: Cvitan GalićCvitan GalicCvitan Galić was a Croatian World War II fighter ace.Galić was born on November 29, 1909 in the village of Gorica near Ljubuški. He finished grade school in the town of Sovići. In 1927 he was transferred to the Yugoslav Royal Air Force and finished its pilot academy in Mostar by 1932.During the...
, CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n World War II ace, at GoriziaGoriziaGorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
(killed 1944)
November 30, 1909 (Tuesday)
- By a vote of 350–75, Britain's House of LordsHouse of LordsThe House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
rejected the budget that had been passed three weeks earlier by the House of Commons. The Parliament Act 1911Parliament Act 1911The Parliament Act 1911 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is constitutionally important and partly governs the relationship between the House of Commons and the House of Lords which make up the Houses of Parliament. This Act must be construed as one with the Parliament Act 1949...
was enacted less than two years later, reducing the House of Lords' power to block legislation passed by the Commons. - The town of Naponee, NebraskaNaponee, NebraskaNaponee is a village in Franklin County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 132 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Naponee is located at ....
, was incorporated. - Born: Robert Nighthawk (Robert Lee McCollum), American blues guitarist, in Helena, ArkansasHelena, ArkansasHelena is the eastern portion of Helena-West Helena, Arkansas, a city in Phillips County, Arkansas. As of the 2000 census, this portion of the city population was 6,323. Helena was the county seat of Phillips County until January 1, 2006, when it merged its government and city limits with...
(d. 1967) - Died: Romesh Chunder DuttRomesh Chunder DuttRomesh Chunder Dutt, CIE was an Indian civil servant, economic historian, writer, and translator of Ramayana and Mahabharata.- Formative years :...
, 61, Bengali scholar who translated the RamayanaRamayanaThe Ramayana is an ancient Sanskrit epic. It is ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki and forms an important part of the Hindu canon , considered to be itihāsa. The Ramayana is one of the two great epics of India and Nepal, the other being the Mahabharata...
and the MahabharataMahabharataThe Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
into English