Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys (ODS) are used for high temperature

Temperature

Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...

 turbine

Turbine

A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades, or the blades react to the flow, so that they move and...

 blades and heat exchanger

Heat exchanger

A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact...

 tubing. Alloy

Alloy

An alloy is a mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in distribution, depending on thermal history...

s of nickel

Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...

 are the most common but work is being done on iron

Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...

 aluminum alloys. ODS steels are used in nuclear applications.

ODS materials are used on space crafts as a layer designed to protect the vehicle, especially during re-entry into the atmosphere. Also, noble metal alloy ODS materials, for example, platinum-based alloys, are used in glass production.

When it comes to re-entry at hypersonic

Hypersonic

In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that is highly supersonic. Since the 1970s, the term has generally been assumed to refer to speeds of Mach 5 and above...

 speeds, the properties of gasses change dramatically. Shock waves

Shock Waves

Shock Waves, , is a 1977 horror movie written and directed by Ken Wiederhorn...

 that can cause serious damage on any structure are created. Also at these speeds and temperatures, oxygen becomes very aggressive.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• Can be machined, brazed, formed, cut with available processes.
• Develops a protective oxide layer that is self-healing.
• This oxide layer is stable and has a high emission coefficient.
• Allows the design of thin-walled structures (sandwich).
• Resistant to harsh weather conditions in the troposphere
  Troposphere
  The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols....
  
  .
• Low maintenance cost.
• Low material cost.

Disadvantages:

• It has a higher expansion coefficient than other materials, causing higher thermal stresses.
• Higher density.
• Lower maximum allowable temperature.