Oslo Sporveier
Encyclopedia
Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS is a municipal owned public transport
operator of Oslo
, Norway
, the name meaning simply "public transportation producer". It operates the trackage and maintains the stock of the Oslo Metro and Oslo Tramway, as well as owning eight operating subsidiaries. In 2005, its 2,365 employees transported 160 million passengers 710 million kilometers, and since 2008 it has operated on contract with the public transport authority Ruter
.
changed their name to Kollektivtransportproduksjon. The name Oslo Sporveier was taken over by a new administrative company for public transportation in Oslo, the Oslo Public Transport Administration
. This merged with Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk
to form Ruter from 2008. Kollektivtransportproduksjon is itself responsible for the rail infrastructure in Oslo. The Oslo Metro is operated by the subsidiary Oslo T-banedrift
while the Oslo Tramway is operated by the subsidiary Oslo Sporvognsdrift
. Some of the city buses are operated by the subsidiaries Sporveisbussene
and UniBuss
, though these are subject to public service obligation
contracts with Ruter.
The responsibility for maintenance and infrastructure is in the hands of the mother company. In addition to the operational subsidiaries of the company, Kollektivtransportproduksjon also owns three other subsidiaries. AS Sporvognsannonsene is responsible for sale of advertisement on the buses and rails. This company cooperates with JCDecaux
, and in 2005 it sold for . Oslo T-banevogner AS is responsible for the purchase of the new MX3000
cars while Sporveisbilletter AS is developing the new ticket system.
There are currently major revisions to the infrastructure, paid in part by the city's surrounding toll roads
in addition to public funding, upgrading the metro system for NOK 7 billion, known as the Oslo Package 2
. A new RFID ticketing system, Flexus
with automatic turnstile
barriers will (after major delays) be introduced sometime, though announcements of immediate installations have been occurring since the late 1990s, and there will be a major upgrade of the rolling stock
with new electric multiple units from Siemens
in Austria and Germany, MX3000, which will be delivered between 2006 and 2010.
The first tram
ways in Oslo were created by Kristiania Sporveisselskab
(the Green trams) in 1875 when it opened a horsecar
line between Stortorvet and Homansbyen. In 1894 the company Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei
(the Blue trams) opened a line between Jernbanetorget
via Briskeby
to Majorstuen
with a branch line
to Skarpsno. This was Scandinavia
s first electric tram company. A/S Holmenkollbanen
was created in 1898 and operated the first suburban line between Majorstuen and Holmenkollen. In 1899 the city established its own tram company that expanded the routes of the Green trams after they transferred to electrical propulsion
. This company was taken over by the Green trams in 1905. Holmenkollbanen opened the first subway in Scandinavia in 1928 between Majorstuen and Nationaltheatret
.
The municipal A/S Kristiania Sporveier was created in 1924 when the concession for the Blue and Green trams expired. The company changed its name to A/S Oslo Sporveier a year later when the city changed its name from Kristiania to Oslo. In 1940 Oslo Sporveier set up the Oslo trolleybus network
, a network of four trolleybus
routes, but is was abandoned in 1967. In 1966 Lokaltrafikkhistorisk Forening was created to take care of defunct material from Oslo Sporveier.
Oslo T-bane, the Oslo Metro, opened in 1966, at the time making Oslo the smallest city in the world with a rapid transit
. But it was not until 1993 that the western and eastern networks in the city were connected, and in 2006 the T-bane circle route
opened. The company ordered 99 new metro cars from Siemens in 2003. Since the late 1990s the company has been under a constant reorganization, including the creation of a corporate structure
and the separation of production and ordering into two separate companies, as well as privatization
of operations.
The organization structure was largely the brainchild of Peter N. Myhre
, former Councilor for Transport of the Progress Party
. Kollektivtransportproduksjon is organized as a concern
, with six subsidiaries four business units as well as sister companies. A report published by Rokade in January 2011, claimed that the company wasted NOK 55 million per year on unnecessary administration because of the structure. In particular, the consulting group found that the judicial independence of the various companies made it necessary for the group to employ a considerable number of specialists in each of the companies—some of which are very small—with the sole purpose of checking the other companies. The report concluded that this also made for unclear lines of responsibility, which could be a safety risk, and that the company could be able to remove 60 administrative positions if it were better organized.
Public transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...
operator of Oslo
Oslo
Oslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, the name meaning simply "public transportation producer". It operates the trackage and maintains the stock of the Oslo Metro and Oslo Tramway, as well as owning eight operating subsidiaries. In 2005, its 2,365 employees transported 160 million passengers 710 million kilometers, and since 2008 it has operated on contract with the public transport authority Ruter
Ruter
Ruter As is the public transport authority for Oslo and Akershus, Norway. The company, organized as a limited company is responsible for managing, but not operating, public transport in the two counties, including bus, the Oslo Metro, the Oslo Tramway and ferries...
.
Operation
On 1 July 2006, Oslo SporveierOslo Sporveier
Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS is a municipal owned public transport operator of Oslo, Norway, the name meaning simply "public transportation producer". It operates the trackage and maintains the stock of the Oslo Metro and Oslo Tramway, as well as owning eight operating subsidiaries...
changed their name to Kollektivtransportproduksjon. The name Oslo Sporveier was taken over by a new administrative company for public transportation in Oslo, the Oslo Public Transport Administration
Oslo Public Transport Administration
AS Oslo Sporveier or the Oslo Public Transport Administration is a municipally owned limited company that is responsible for planning, marketing and organising the public transport in Oslo, Norway...
. This merged with Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk
Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk
Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk AS or SL was the public transport administration for bus and ferry transport in Akershus, Norway from 1973 to 2007. SL was organised as a limited company owned by the Akershus county municipality, the City of Oslo, and the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications,...
to form Ruter from 2008. Kollektivtransportproduksjon is itself responsible for the rail infrastructure in Oslo. The Oslo Metro is operated by the subsidiary Oslo T-banedrift
Oslo T-banedrift
Oslo T-banedrift AS is a limited company that is responsible for operating Oslo Metro , the rapid transit in Oslo, Norway. The company is owned by Kollektivtransportproduksjon that again is owned by the city council...
while the Oslo Tramway is operated by the subsidiary Oslo Sporvognsdrift
Oslo Sporvognsdrift
Oslotrikken AS, formerly Oslo Sporvognsdrift AS, is the company that operates the Oslo Tramway in Oslo, Norway. Oslotrikken is owned by Kollektivtransportproduksjon, which is again owned by the city council and has an operating contract with Ruter. The company operates 72 trams , has 374 employees...
. Some of the city buses are operated by the subsidiaries Sporveisbussene
Sporveisbussene
AS Sporveisbussene is a bus company that operates about 75% of the routes in Oslo, Norway. The company was created in 1997 when the then Oslo Sporveier was reorganised. It is now a subsidiary of Kollektivtransportproduksjon, a municipal company responsible for operating public transport in Oslo...
and UniBuss
UniBuss
Unibuss, formerly known as Nexus Trafikk, is a Norwegian bus company that operates from Oslo, Norway. It is a subsidiary of the municipal Kollektivtransportproduksjon and was created in 2003 so the company could compete for the public service obligation contracts that Oslo was to operate the bus...
, though these are subject to public service obligation
Public Service Obligation
In transport, public service obligation or PSO is an arrangement in which a governing body or other authority offers an auction for subsidies, permit the winning company a monopoly to operate a specified service of public transport for a specified period of time for the given subsidy...
contracts with Ruter.
The responsibility for maintenance and infrastructure is in the hands of the mother company. In addition to the operational subsidiaries of the company, Kollektivtransportproduksjon also owns three other subsidiaries. AS Sporvognsannonsene is responsible for sale of advertisement on the buses and rails. This company cooperates with JCDecaux
JCDecaux
JCDecaux Group is a multinational corporation based in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, that is active primarily in advertising....
, and in 2005 it sold for . Oslo T-banevogner AS is responsible for the purchase of the new MX3000
MX3000
MX3000 is an electric train used on Oslo Metro in Oslo, Norway. The multiple units are produced by Siemens, who started serial delivery in 2007. Seventy-eight three-car units have been ordered by Kollektivtransportproduksjon, and five by Akershus County Municipality. They replaced the older T1000...
cars while Sporveisbilletter AS is developing the new ticket system.
There are currently major revisions to the infrastructure, paid in part by the city's surrounding toll roads
Fjellinjen
Fjellinjen AS is a municipal company owned by the City of Oslo and Akershus County Municipality . It is responsible for the collection from the toll ring around Oslo, with a total of nineteen toll plazas.-History:...
in addition to public funding, upgrading the metro system for NOK 7 billion, known as the Oslo Package 2
Oslo Package 2
The Oslo Package 2 or O2 is a political agreement for financing investments in public transport in Oslo and Akershus, Norway. The program runs from 2001 to 2011, and includes many large and small investments in railways, the Oslo Tramway, the Oslo Metro and infrastructure for buses. Total budget is...
. A new RFID ticketing system, Flexus
Flexus (ticket)
Flexus is an electronic ticket system that was introduced on all public transport in Greater Oslo, in 2009. The system may eventually replace all paper tickets on trips with Ruter and commuter trains around Oslo operated by the Norwegian State Railways...
with automatic turnstile
Turnstile
A turnstile, also called a baffle gate, is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar...
barriers will (after major delays) be introduced sometime, though announcements of immediate installations have been occurring since the late 1990s, and there will be a major upgrade of the rolling stock
Rolling stock
Rolling stock comprises all the vehicles that move on a railway. It usually includes both powered and unpowered vehicles, for example locomotives, railroad cars, coaches and wagons...
with new electric multiple units from Siemens
Siemens AG
Siemens AG is a German multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Munich, Germany. It is the largest Europe-based electronics and electrical engineering company....
in Austria and Germany, MX3000, which will be delivered between 2006 and 2010.
History
Tram
A tram is a passenger rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets and also sometimes on separate rights of way. It may also run between cities and/or towns , and/or partially grade separated even in the cities...
ways in Oslo were created by Kristiania Sporveisselskab
Kristiania Sporveisselskab
AS Kristiania Sporveisselskab or KSS, nicknamed the Green Tram , was the first tram operator in Oslo, Norway. Founded in 1874, it started operation of horsecar services the following year and electric tram services in 1899...
(the Green trams) in 1875 when it opened a horsecar
Horsecar
A horsecar or horse-drawn tram is an animal-powered streetcar or tram.These early forms of public transport developed out of industrial haulage routes that had long been in existence, and from the omnibus routes that first ran on public streets in the 1820s, using the newly improved iron or steel...
line between Stortorvet and Homansbyen. In 1894 the company Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei
Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei
A/S Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei or KES, nicknamed the Blue Tram , is a defunct operator of parts of the Oslo Tramway, Norway. It opened the first electric tramway in Scandinavia in 1894, and remained in service until 1924 when it was merged into the municipal owned Oslo Sporveier.-History:Tram...
(the Blue trams) opened a line between Jernbanetorget
Jernbanetorget (station)
Jernbanetorget is both a rapid transit station on the Oslo Metro and a light rail station of the Oslo Tramway. The metro station is in the Common Tunnel used by all lines under the city centre. It is located between Stortinget to the west and Grønland to the east. Until the construction of the...
via Briskeby
Briskeby
Briskeby is an electro-pop band from Norway. Bjørn Bergene, Claus Heiberg Larsen and Bård Helgeland are from Larvik, while Lise Karlsnes is from Tønsberg.-Band name:The band's name is derived from the neighbourhood where their rehearsal room was located....
to Majorstuen
Majorstuen (station)
Majorstuen is a subway station on the Oslo Metro and a light rail station on the Briskeby Line of the Oslo Tramway. It is located in the Majorstuen neighborhood in the Frogner borough....
with a branch line
Branch line
A branch line is a secondary railway line which branches off a more important through route, usually a main line. A very short branch line may be called a spur line...
to Skarpsno. This was Scandinavia
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
s first electric tram company. A/S Holmenkollbanen
Holmenkollbanen
The Holmenkollen Line is an long line of the Oslo Metro between Majorstuen and Nordmarka in Oslo, Norway. It is served by Line 1 of the metro, and is the line with the least passengers and the only to still have level crossings and short station platforms...
was created in 1898 and operated the first suburban line between Majorstuen and Holmenkollen. In 1899 the city established its own tram company that expanded the routes of the Green trams after they transferred to electrical propulsion
Railway electrification system
A railway electrification system supplies electrical energy to railway locomotives and multiple units as well as trams so that they can operate without having an on-board prime mover. There are several different electrification systems in use throughout the world...
. This company was taken over by the Green trams in 1905. Holmenkollbanen opened the first subway in Scandinavia in 1928 between Majorstuen and Nationaltheatret
Nationaltheatret (station)
Nationaltheatret is an underground metro station and tram stop serving Vika and the city center of Oslo, Norway. It is located on the Common Tunnel of the Oslo Metro and on the Briskeby Line of the Oslo Tramway. Also located at the same place is Nationaltheatret Station of the Drammen Line. The...
.
The municipal A/S Kristiania Sporveier was created in 1924 when the concession for the Blue and Green trams expired. The company changed its name to A/S Oslo Sporveier a year later when the city changed its name from Kristiania to Oslo. In 1940 Oslo Sporveier set up the Oslo trolleybus network
Oslo trolleybus
The Oslo trolleybus system was a trolleybus network operated by Oslo Sporveier in Oslo, Norway between December 15, 1940, and February 15, 1968. The system measured at the most 26.1 km on four lines.-History:...
, a network of four trolleybus
Trolleybus
A trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires and poles are required to complete the electrical circuit...
routes, but is was abandoned in 1967. In 1966 Lokaltrafikkhistorisk Forening was created to take care of defunct material from Oslo Sporveier.
Oslo T-bane, the Oslo Metro, opened in 1966, at the time making Oslo the smallest city in the world with a rapid transit
Rapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...
. But it was not until 1993 that the western and eastern networks in the city were connected, and in 2006 the T-bane circle route
T-baneringen
The Ring Line is the newest rapid transit line of the Oslo Metro of Oslo, Norway. It connects to the Sognsvann Line in the west and the Grorud Line in the east; along with these two lines and the Common Tunnel, the Ring Line creates a loop serving the city center and Nordre Aker borough. The line...
opened. The company ordered 99 new metro cars from Siemens in 2003. Since the late 1990s the company has been under a constant reorganization, including the creation of a corporate structure
Corporation
A corporation is created under the laws of a state as a separate legal entity that has privileges and liabilities that are distinct from those of its members. There are many different forms of corporations, most of which are used to conduct business. Early corporations were established by charter...
and the separation of production and ordering into two separate companies, as well as privatization
Privatization
Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...
of operations.
The organization structure was largely the brainchild of Peter N. Myhre
Peter N. Myhre
Peter Nicolai Myhre is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.-Early life and career:Myhre is the son of tobacco merchant Gunnar Peter Myhre and Gunhold Nordlid. He married Marie Françoise Millou in 1985. He graduated from upper secondary school in 1973, attended military academy in 1974,...
, former Councilor for Transport of the Progress Party
Progress Party (Norway)
The Progress Party is a political party in Norway which identifies as conservative liberal and libertarian. The media has described it as conservative and right-wing populist...
. Kollektivtransportproduksjon is organized as a concern
Concern (business)
A concern is a German type of business group. It results from the merger of several legally independent companies an economic entity under unified management. These associated companies called "Group" companies....
, with six subsidiaries four business units as well as sister companies. A report published by Rokade in January 2011, claimed that the company wasted NOK 55 million per year on unnecessary administration because of the structure. In particular, the consulting group found that the judicial independence of the various companies made it necessary for the group to employ a considerable number of specialists in each of the companies—some of which are very small—with the sole purpose of checking the other companies. The report concluded that this also made for unclear lines of responsibility, which could be a safety risk, and that the company could be able to remove 60 administrative positions if it were better organized.