Osmangazi
Encyclopedia
Osmangazi is the biggest and central city of Bursa Province
which is the fourth biggest province in Turkey. With a population of 700.000 (as of 2007) it's the 8th biggest city of Turkey as well.
The district has been shaped by several civilizations: Rome
, Byzantium
, Seljuqians
and Ottomans
. The first marks of the Ottoman Empire exist within Osmangazi where it extended from the foot of Uluda (Grand-Mountain) to Bursa plain. This is the reason why Bursa is known as "The City of The Sultans" and "The First Capital of the Ottomans", since the first six Sultan
s lived here. Within the boundaries of Osmangazi there is the greatest part of the Ottoman
city features with approximately 1800 registered historical buildings.
It was pointed out that one of the most important commanders that Carthage had recommended the establishment of the City of Prusias and Olympus to King Prusian I. in 185 B.C. By the time, "Prusa" has been transformed to Bursa.
When Bythinia joined the Roman Empire in 74 B.C., it became the Asian Province that was governed by proconsuls (head of the province), who are assigned in Rome.
Bursa was under the sovereignty of Byzantine between 385-1326 A.D. The city became a thermal city after the thermal baths while silk production in the region started in 550 A.D. Bursa was seized by Osman Bey in 1307 and conquered by Orhan Bey, the son of Osman Bey, on 6 April 1335. The capital of the empire was moved to Bursa in 1335 and new development movements were initiated. When Bursa was conquered, the city consisted of the inner castle, but Orhan Gazi had the Orhan Gazi Complex built out of the town. Public buildings such as mosques, baths, soup houses, hospitals, madrasahs were built out of the walls, where new settlements had been created, hence a new tradition of settling area had been established. Right after the conquest of Istanbul by Sultan Mehmed I., the active role of Bursa and its qualification as the administrative center had faded away. There are no buildings surviving from Roman and Byzntium era. It is perveiced that the walls surrounding the city were built by Bythinians and used by Romans, Byzantiums and Ottomans after maintenance.
Bursa had developed more than other cities in the first two centuries of Ottomans. It was ornamented with a number of architectural structures and became a trade city as well as a science city, where various famous madarasahs were located. Hüdavendigar Complex of Sultan Murat I., Yıldırım Complex of Sultan Bayezid I., Green Complex whose construction was initiated by Sultan Mehmet I. and finished by Sultan Murat II. had affected the spatial development of Bursa and those still exist. Industrialization within the city was accelerated in the republican era, so that the population and the urban development of the city have changed in 1960s. The geographical location and the agricultural and industrial potential have increased the attraction of the city.
, towel
, knitter & tricot, shoe industry, agricultural machines, furniture
, leather
, plastic, machine and metal industry, electric, foundry, welding machine, stove and knife sectors. Moreover there are also oil and flour factories.
, Azerbaijan Stari Grad
, Bosnia and Herzegovina Travnik
, Bosnia and Herzegovina Kardzhali
, Bulgaria Omurtag, Bulgaria Kapsagay, Kazakhstan Çayır, Kosovo Mamuşa
, Kosovo Obiliq, Kosovo Kamenica
, Macedonia Skopje
, Macedonia Umeå
, Sweden Taşkent
, Turkey Keles
, Turkey Aşkabat, Turkmenistan Mehmetçik
, TRNC
Bursa Province
Bursa Province is a province in western Turkey, along the Sea of Marmara. Its adjacent provinces are Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. The province has an area of 11,043 km2 and a population of 3,187,000...
which is the fourth biggest province in Turkey. With a population of 700.000 (as of 2007) it's the 8th biggest city of Turkey as well.
The district has been shaped by several civilizations: Rome
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, Byzantium
Byzantium
Byzantium was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas . The name Byzantium is a Latinization of the original name Byzantion...
, Seljuqians
Seljuq dynasty
The Seljuq ; were a Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries...
and Ottomans
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. The first marks of the Ottoman Empire exist within Osmangazi where it extended from the foot of Uluda (Grand-Mountain) to Bursa plain. This is the reason why Bursa is known as "The City of The Sultans" and "The First Capital of the Ottomans", since the first six Sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
s lived here. Within the boundaries of Osmangazi there is the greatest part of the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
city features with approximately 1800 registered historical buildings.
History
It was stated that there were various settlements in Bursa and its surroundings by 4000 B.C. But the certain information related to the region belongs to 700 B.C. Homeros called the region as Mysia. There are two villages that remind Mysia settlements: Misi (Gümüştepe) and Misebolu. The region is called as Phrygia in the historical geography. It is known that Kimmers, running from Skyths, put an end to Phrygian sovereignty. The name of Bursa comes from the founder of this city, Prussias, the King of Bythinia. The Bythinians, who immigrated to the region in 7th century B.C., used the name Bythinia.It was pointed out that one of the most important commanders that Carthage had recommended the establishment of the City of Prusias and Olympus to King Prusian I. in 185 B.C. By the time, "Prusa" has been transformed to Bursa.
When Bythinia joined the Roman Empire in 74 B.C., it became the Asian Province that was governed by proconsuls (head of the province), who are assigned in Rome.
Bursa was under the sovereignty of Byzantine between 385-1326 A.D. The city became a thermal city after the thermal baths while silk production in the region started in 550 A.D. Bursa was seized by Osman Bey in 1307 and conquered by Orhan Bey, the son of Osman Bey, on 6 April 1335. The capital of the empire was moved to Bursa in 1335 and new development movements were initiated. When Bursa was conquered, the city consisted of the inner castle, but Orhan Gazi had the Orhan Gazi Complex built out of the town. Public buildings such as mosques, baths, soup houses, hospitals, madrasahs were built out of the walls, where new settlements had been created, hence a new tradition of settling area had been established. Right after the conquest of Istanbul by Sultan Mehmed I., the active role of Bursa and its qualification as the administrative center had faded away. There are no buildings surviving from Roman and Byzntium era. It is perveiced that the walls surrounding the city were built by Bythinians and used by Romans, Byzantiums and Ottomans after maintenance.
Bursa had developed more than other cities in the first two centuries of Ottomans. It was ornamented with a number of architectural structures and became a trade city as well as a science city, where various famous madarasahs were located. Hüdavendigar Complex of Sultan Murat I., Yıldırım Complex of Sultan Bayezid I., Green Complex whose construction was initiated by Sultan Mehmet I. and finished by Sultan Murat II. had affected the spatial development of Bursa and those still exist. Industrialization within the city was accelerated in the republican era, so that the population and the urban development of the city have changed in 1960s. The geographical location and the agricultural and industrial potential have increased the attraction of the city.
Geography
Osmangazi, the center of social and economic relations for years, is in the crossroad of roads to İzmir, İstanbul and Eskişehir. Osmangazi is the biggest district of Bursa that is on the southwest coast of Marmara Sea. Gökdere River on the east, Nilüfer River and Mudanya Road on the west, Katırlı Mountains on the north, Uludağ and Kirazlı Plateau are the natural and artificial boundaries of the district.Economy
Nonetheless following types of industries exist in Osmangazi: automotive supply industry, textileTextile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...
, towel
Towel
A towel is a piece of absorbent fabric or paper used for drying or wiping. It draws moisture through direct contact, often using a blotting or a rubbing motion. Common household textile towels are made from cotton, rayon, bamboo, nonwoven fibers or a few other materials.-Types of towels:* A bath...
, knitter & tricot, shoe industry, agricultural machines, furniture
Furniture
Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
, leather
Leather
Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.-Forms:...
, plastic, machine and metal industry, electric, foundry, welding machine, stove and knife sectors. Moreover there are also oil and flour factories.
Main sights
- Reşat Oyal Culture Park which is the symbol of Bursa,
- İnkaya Plane which is the natural monument of 500 years old,
- Tophane Slopes,
- Kozahan which is located between Ulu Mosque and Orhan Mosque,
- Emirhan which was built by Orhan Bey in 1340, Muradiye Complex which is composed of madrasah, school, soup house, bath and mosque, and more than twenty tombs including Murat II. and Cem Sultan,
- Hüdavendigar Mosque,
- Ulu mosque which is the sample of multi-pillared and multi-domed mosques,
- Merinos City Park,
- Botanical Park,
- Soğanlı Zoo,
- Pınarbaşı Park,
- Soğukkuyu Park,
- Hamitler Park,
- Cable Water Ski Center.
Historical monuments
- Bursa Castle,
- Bursa Fortress,
- Tomb of Murad I.,
- Tomb of Pars Bey,
- Çakır Ağa Bath,
- Tombs of Osmangazi and Orhangazi,
- Tomb of Şehzade Mustafa, Bazaar,
- Archeology Museum,
- Atatürk Museum,
- Museum of Ottoman House,
- City Museum,
- Ördekli Culture Center,
- Gökdere Madrasah,
- Irgandı Bridge,
- Haraççıoğlu Madrasah,
- Karabaş-ı Veli Lodge,
- Balibey Khan,
- Muradiye Bath,
- Galle Khan
Sister cities
ŞekiSeki
Seki can refer to:* Seki, Gifu, a town in Japan* Seki Takakazu, a 17th-century Japanese mathematician* Seki , a term in the game of Go* Lieutenant Yukio Seki, the pilot who led the first attack of a Kamikaze unit...
, Azerbaijan Stari Grad
Stari Grad
-Bosnia and Herzegovina:* Stari Grad, Sarajevo, a municipality in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia:* Stari Grad, Hvar, a town on the island of Hvar, Croatia* Starigrad, several toponyms in Croatia-Republic of Macedonia:...
, Bosnia and Herzegovina Travnik
Travnik
Travnik is a city and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, 90 km west of Sarajevo. It is the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton, and is located in the Travnik Municipality. Travnik today has some 27,000 residents, with a metro population that is probably close to 70,000 people...
, Bosnia and Herzegovina Kardzhali
Kardzhali
Kardzhali or Kurdzhali is a town in Bulgaria, capital of Kardzhali Province in the Eastern Rhodopes. Near the town is the noted Kardzhali Dam.-Geography:...
, Bulgaria Omurtag, Bulgaria Kapsagay, Kazakhstan Çayır, Kosovo Mamuşa
Mamuša
Mamuša or Mamusha is a town in Kosovo. In 2008 it became a municipality. Prior to that it was part of Prizren municipality. Of all municipal units in Kosovo, this one is by far the smallest in terms of area.-Location:...
, Kosovo Obiliq, Kosovo Kamenica
Kamenica
Kamenica is a Slavic toponym that may refer to several places:* In Albania** Kamenica Tumulus, a neolithic tumulus close to Kamenicë, Korçë...
, Macedonia Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
, Macedonia Umeå
Umeå
- Transport :The road infrastructure in Umeå is well-developed, with two European highways passing through the city. About 4 km from the city centre is the Umeå City Airport...
, Sweden Taşkent
Taskent
Taşkent, formerly Pirlerkondu, is a town and district of Konya Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 46,396 of which 10,779 live in the town of Taşkent.-External links:* *...
, Turkey Keles
Keles
Keles is a town and district of Bursa Province in the Marmara region of Turkey.-External links:*...
, Turkey Aşkabat, Turkmenistan Mehmetçik
Mehmetçik
Mehmetçik is a general term used affectionately to refer soldiers of the Ottoman Army and Turkish Army. It is the Turkish equivalent of "Tommy Atkins" for the British Army, "Doughboy" or G.I. Joe of the United States Army, "Digger" of the Australian Army and the New Zealand Army or Johnny Reb for...
, TRNC