Otte Krumpen
Encyclopedia
Otte Krumpen was a Danish
bureaucrat, who was Marshal
of Denmark from 1554 to 1567, and held seignory
over various land holdings throughout his career. He held a ceremonial position in the coronation of Danish kings Christian II
and Frederick I
. He was the older brother of Danish catholic bishop Stygge Krumpen
. The Krumpen family name died with him.
. Nothing is known of his youth, and it is speculated he served as a soldier in foreign armies. He was first mentioned in 1514, as he presented the crown at the coronation
of Christian II of Denmark
. In 1517, he was granted seignory
of Aalholm near Nysted
. In 1520, he led Christian II's army to war against Sweden
. He defeated Sten Sture the Younger
at the Battle of Bogesund
, was injured at the Battle of Uppsala, and was knighted by Christian II following the Swedish surrender in Stockholm
.
He was granted seignory over Helsingborg
in 1521, and fought off a Lübeck
invasion at nearby Råå
in 1522 alongside Archbishop of Lund Johan Weze. He was then granted seignory of the profitable Tranekær
. During the rebellion against Christian II, Krumpen joined new king Frederick I of Denmark
. He carried the ceremonial sword during the coronation, and became a member of the Rigsraadet
privy council. He successfully expelled Christian II-loyal Søren Norby from Gotland
in 1525, travelled with Prince Christian
to Norway
in 1529, and secured a treaty with the Netherlands
against Lübeck in the fall of 1533.
Alongside his brother Stygge, Otte Krumpen was opposed to the Reformation in Denmark
. During the Count's Feud
civil war between new protestant king Christian III
and catholic Christian II's supporter count Christopher of Oldenburg
, Krumpen surrendered Tranekær to Christopher without resistance. He was granted seignory of Aalholm in exchange, but was evicted by peasant uprising. He was imprisoned first at Nykøbing
castle, before Jürgen Wullenwever
brought him as hostage to Mecklenburg
. Krumpen returned to Denmark in 1536, but it took him much convincing to earn the forgiveness of Christian III.
He re-entered Rigsraadet in 1542, was made seignory of various lucrative land holdings, and took part in various diplomatic dealings for Christian III. He was named Marshal
of Denmark in 1554. He once again carried the ceremonial sword at the coronation of Frederick II of Denmark
in 1559, but did not have a good relationship with the new king. During the Northern Seven Years' War
from 1563 to 1570, Krumpen was given command of the army by Frederick II in 1564, was relieved of his duty again in 1565, and resigned as marshal in 1567. He died in 1569 as the last of the family Krumpen, and was interred at Mariager Abbey
.
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
bureaucrat, who was Marshal
Marshal
Marshal , is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. The word is an ancient loan word from Old French, cf...
of Denmark from 1554 to 1567, and held seignory
Seignory
In English law, Seignory or seigniory , the lordship remaining to a grantor after the grant of an estate in fee simple....
over various land holdings throughout his career. He held a ceremonial position in the coronation of Danish kings Christian II
Christian II of Denmark
Christian II was King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden , during the Kalmar Union.-Background:...
and Frederick I
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...
. He was the older brother of Danish catholic bishop Stygge Krumpen
Stygge Krumpen
Stygge Krumpen was a Danish clergyman and bureaucrat, who was the secretary of king Christian II of Denmark and the last catholic bishop of the Diocese of Børglum from 1533 to 1536, having been coadjutor bishop since 1519. He was the brother of Danish marshal Otte Krumpen...
. The Krumpen family name died with him.
Biography
Otte Krumpen was born the son of Jørgen Krumpen of Skjøtterup and Anne Styggesdatter Rosenkrantz. He was the brother of later catholic bishop Stygge KrumpenStygge Krumpen
Stygge Krumpen was a Danish clergyman and bureaucrat, who was the secretary of king Christian II of Denmark and the last catholic bishop of the Diocese of Børglum from 1533 to 1536, having been coadjutor bishop since 1519. He was the brother of Danish marshal Otte Krumpen...
. Nothing is known of his youth, and it is speculated he served as a soldier in foreign armies. He was first mentioned in 1514, as he presented the crown at the coronation
Coronation
A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch and/or their consort with regal power, usually involving the placement of a crown upon their head and the presentation of other items of regalia...
of Christian II of Denmark
Christian II of Denmark
Christian II was King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden , during the Kalmar Union.-Background:...
. In 1517, he was granted seignory
Seignory
In English law, Seignory or seigniory , the lordship remaining to a grantor after the grant of an estate in fee simple....
of Aalholm near Nysted
Nysted
Nysted is a town in Guldborgsund municipality in Region Sjælland on the southeastern coast of the island of Lolland in south Denmark.-The town of Nysted:...
. In 1520, he led Christian II's army to war against Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
. He defeated Sten Sture the Younger
Sten Sture the Younger
Sten Sture the Younger , Lord of Ekesiö , was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden, under the era of the Kalmar Union.-Life:...
at the Battle of Bogesund
Battle of Bogesund
The Battle of Bogesund was an important conflict in the campaign of Christian II to gain power over Sweden. In 1520, Christian's army of mercenaries had landed in Sweden, seeking to consolidate Christian's powers over Sweden within the Kalmar Union and to unseat the rebellious Swedish viceroy Sten...
, was injured at the Battle of Uppsala, and was knighted by Christian II following the Swedish surrender in Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
.
He was granted seignory over Helsingborg
Helsingborg
Helsingborg is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 97,122 inhabitants in 2010. Helsingborg is the centre of an area in the Øresund region of about 320,000 inhabitants in north-west Scania, and is Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city...
in 1521, and fought off a Lübeck
Lübeck
The Hanseatic City of Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany. It was for several centuries the "capital" of the Hanseatic League and, because of its Brick Gothic architectural heritage, is listed by UNESCO as a World...
invasion at nearby Råå
RAA
-RAA:* Research on Armenian Architecture* Ralph Appelbaum Associates* Recreation and Amusement Association, a system of brothels set up by the Japanese government for US occupation forces* Recreational Aircraft Association* Recreational Aviation Australia...
in 1522 alongside Archbishop of Lund Johan Weze. He was then granted seignory of the profitable Tranekær
Tranekær
Tranekær is a village in central Denmark, located in Tranekær municipality on the island of Langeland.-External links:*...
. During the rebellion against Christian II, Krumpen joined new king Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...
. He carried the ceremonial sword during the coronation, and became a member of the Rigsraadet
Rigsraadet
Rigsraadet, or Riksrådet, , is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that ruled the countries together with the kings from late Middle Ages to the 17th century...
privy council. He successfully expelled Christian II-loyal Søren Norby from Gotland
Gotland
Gotland is a county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea. At 3,140 square kilometers in area, the region makes up less than one percent of Sweden's total land area...
in 1525, travelled with Prince Christian
Christian III of Denmark
Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:...
to Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
in 1529, and secured a treaty with the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
against Lübeck in the fall of 1533.
Alongside his brother Stygge, Otte Krumpen was opposed to the Reformation in Denmark
Reformation in Denmark
The Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein was the transition from Roman Catholicism to Lutheranism in the realms ruled by the Copenhagen-based House of Oldenburg in the first half of the sixteenth century...
. During the Count's Feud
Count's Feud
The Count's Feud , also called the Count's War, was a civil war that raged in Denmark in 1534–36 and brought about the Reformation in Denmark...
civil war between new protestant king Christian III
Christian III of Denmark
Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:...
and catholic Christian II's supporter count Christopher of Oldenburg
Christopher of Oldenburg
Christopher of Oldenburg . German Count, regent in Eastern Denmark during the Count's War 1534–36 which was named after him....
, Krumpen surrendered Tranekær to Christopher without resistance. He was granted seignory of Aalholm in exchange, but was evicted by peasant uprising. He was imprisoned first at Nykøbing
Nykøbing Falster
Nykøbing Falster is a southern Danish city, seat of the Guldborgsund kommune. It belongs to Region Sjælland. The city lies on Falster, connected by the 295-meter-long Frederick IX Bridge over the Guldborgsund waterway to the island of Lolland. The town has a population of 16,464...
castle, before Jürgen Wullenwever
Jürgen Wullenwever
Jürgen Wullenwever was burgomaster of Lübeck from 1533 to 1535, a period of religious, political and trade turmoil.-Biography:Wullenwever was probably born at Hamburg in 1492...
brought him as hostage to Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg is a historical region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal-state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern...
. Krumpen returned to Denmark in 1536, but it took him much convincing to earn the forgiveness of Christian III.
He re-entered Rigsraadet in 1542, was made seignory of various lucrative land holdings, and took part in various diplomatic dealings for Christian III. He was named Marshal
Marshal
Marshal , is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. The word is an ancient loan word from Old French, cf...
of Denmark in 1554. He once again carried the ceremonial sword at the coronation of Frederick II of Denmark
Frederick II of Denmark
Frederick II was King of Denmark and Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death.-King of Denmark:Frederick II was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. Frederick II stands as the typical renaissance ruler of Denmark. Unlike his father, he...
in 1559, but did not have a good relationship with the new king. During the Northern Seven Years' War
Northern Seven Years' War
The Northern Seven Years' War was the war between Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck and the Polish–Lithuanian union, fought between 1563 and 1570...
from 1563 to 1570, Krumpen was given command of the army by Frederick II in 1564, was relieved of his duty again in 1565, and resigned as marshal in 1567. He died in 1569 as the last of the family Krumpen, and was interred at Mariager Abbey
Mariager Abbey
Mariager Abbey was a Bridgettine double monastery founded in 1430 which became an important pilgrimage site, in the present town of Mariager in northern central Jutland, Denmark.-Foundation:...
.
Further reading
- Herman Madsen: Den mægtige rigsmarsk Otte Krumpen, Fyens StiftstidendeFyens StiftstidendeFyens Stiftstidende is a daily newspaper in Denmark and has a circulation, primarily on Funen, of approximately 60,000 on weekdays and 80,000 on weekends...
, March 20, 1955, separate section.