PTPRF
Encyclopedia
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F is an enzyme
that in humans is encoded by the PTPRF gene
.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase
(PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth
, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains three Ig-like domains, and nine non-Ig like domains similar to that of neural cell adhesion molecule
. This PTP was shown to function in the regulation of epithelial cell–cell contacts at adherens junction
s, as well as in the control of beta-catenin
signaling. An increased expression level of this protein was found in the insulin
-responsive tissue of obese, insulin-resistant individuals, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance
. Two alternatively spliced
transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.
with Beta-catenin
and liprin-alpha-1.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that in humans is encoded by the PTPRF gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase
Protein tyrosine phosphatase
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification that can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular...
(PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth
Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"...
, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains three Ig-like domains, and nine non-Ig like domains similar to that of neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells...
. This PTP was shown to function in the regulation of epithelial cell–cell contacts at adherens junction
Adherens junction
Adherens junctions are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions in epithelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions...
s, as well as in the control of beta-catenin
Beta-catenin
Beta-catenin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. In Drosophila, the homologous protein is called armadillo...
signaling. An increased expression level of this protein was found in the insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
-responsive tissue of obese, insulin-resistant individuals, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance is a physiological condition where the natural hormone insulin becomes less effective at lowering blood sugars. The resulting increase in blood glucose may raise levels outside the normal range and cause adverse health effects, depending on dietary conditions. Certain cell types...
. Two alternatively spliced
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is a process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing...
transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.
Interactions
PTPRF has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with Beta-catenin
Beta-catenin
Beta-catenin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. In Drosophila, the homologous protein is called armadillo...
and liprin-alpha-1.