Pachtersoproer
Encyclopedia
The pachtersoproer was a Dutch rebellion in the 18th century. The origin of the uprising was to be found in the economic malaise of the 1740s. It was the system of the rural tax-collection that brought serious complaints, combined with deep dissatisfaction at the way in which the regents
and the landed gentry exercised their power.
and Groningen
(Bergum) in the spring of 1748 (March 17 in Groningen and in May ). Its immediate cause was perhaps the birth of William V
on March 8, 1748. The houses of the landadel (great-men) and the tax-collectors were attacked, particularly those who had not sufficiently demonstrated their loyalty to the Orange regime. The orangist Daniel Raap threw himself into the riot as a leader of the Doelisten.
In the city of Leeuwarden 72 points for reform were put forward. Frisian skippers brought the news to Amsterdam. On June 17 the Botermarkt, now Rembrandtplein
, called together a crowd to offer such a threat that the collectors of the butter tax saw themselves forced out of office several hours earlier than normal to conclude a peace. The riots spread rapidly to Haarlem
and Leiden. On June 23 the stadholder forbade gatherings for plays and fairs.
The riots lasted until Tuesday evening. On Wednesday morning all lease were suspended for a period of six months. On Friday, June 28, two men and one woman
would be hanged from the window of the Waag on the Dam. The onlooking crowd began to move in to be able to watch better, or possibly to try to free the convicted. Suddenly shooting was heard from the direction of Kalverstraat
, and panic broke out. Many people were looking for shelter and jumped into the water from the Damrak. Contemporary local chronicler Braatbard suspected around two hundred men either got trampled or drowned.
Regenten
In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, the regenten were the rulers of the Dutch Republic, the leaders of the Dutch cities or the heads of organisations . Though not formally a hereditary "class", they were de facto "patricians", comparable to that ancient Roman class...
and the landed gentry exercised their power.
Reasons
The riots began in FrieslandFriesland
Friesland is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the ancient region of Frisia.Until the end of 1996, the province bore Friesland as its official name. In 1997 this Dutch name lost its official status to the Frisian Fryslân...
and Groningen
Groningen (province)
Groningen [] is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. In the east it borders the German state of Niedersachsen , in the south Drenthe, in the west Friesland and in the north the Wadden Sea...
(Bergum) in the spring of 1748 (March 17 in Groningen and in May ). Its immediate cause was perhaps the birth of William V
William V, Prince of Orange
William V , Prince of Orange-Nassau was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, and between 1795 and 1806 he led the Government of the Dutch Republic in Exile in London. He was succeeded by his son William I...
on March 8, 1748. The houses of the landadel (great-men) and the tax-collectors were attacked, particularly those who had not sufficiently demonstrated their loyalty to the Orange regime. The orangist Daniel Raap threw himself into the riot as a leader of the Doelisten.
In the city of Leeuwarden 72 points for reform were put forward. Frisian skippers brought the news to Amsterdam. On June 17 the Botermarkt, now Rembrandtplein
Rembrandtplein
Rembrandtplein is a major square in central Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is named after the famous painter Rembrandt van Rijn....
, called together a crowd to offer such a threat that the collectors of the butter tax saw themselves forced out of office several hours earlier than normal to conclude a peace. The riots spread rapidly to Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland, the northern half of Holland, which at one time was the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic...
and Leiden. On June 23 the stadholder forbade gatherings for plays and fairs.
Amsterdam
In Amsterdam riots fully broke out on Monday June 25 at the Botermarkt. Pavements were broken up and stones were thrown. People ran through the houses of the lessees, breaking open and looting everything, and throwing crates of money and expensive porcelain from the bridges into the water. 36 houses in total were looted, and three people were killed and wounded.The riots lasted until Tuesday evening. On Wednesday morning all lease were suspended for a period of six months. On Friday, June 28, two men and one woman
Marretje Arents
Marretje Arents , known as Mat van den Nieuwendijk, and het limoenwijf, was a Dutch fishwife and rebellion leader, sentenced to death as one of the three instigators and leaders responsible for the so called Pachter riots of 1748....
would be hanged from the window of the Waag on the Dam. The onlooking crowd began to move in to be able to watch better, or possibly to try to free the convicted. Suddenly shooting was heard from the direction of Kalverstraat
Kalverstraat
The Kalverstraat is the busiest shopping street of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. It is named after the kalvermarkt that was held here until the 17th Century....
, and panic broke out. Many people were looking for shelter and jumped into the water from the Damrak. Contemporary local chronicler Braatbard suspected around two hundred men either got trampled or drowned.
Sources
- This article is based entirely or partially on its equivalent on Dutch Wikipedia. Brugmans, H. (1972) Geschiedenis van Amsterdam, deel IV. Afgaand getij. Fuks, L (1960) De Zeven Provinciën in beroering. Hoofdstukken uit een jiddische kroniek 1740-1752 van Abraham Chaim Braatbard Het dagboek van J. Bicker Raye, bewerkt door F.M. Bijerinck & M.G. de Boer, (1935). Slot, E. (1990) Vijf gulden eeuwen. Momenten uit 500 jaar gemeentefinanciën