Pachycephala
Encyclopedia
Pachycephala is a genus
of bird
s native to Oceania
and Southeast Asia
. They are commonly known as typical whistlers. Older guidebooks may refer to them as thickheads, a literal translation of the generic name, which is derived from the Ancient Greek
terms pachys "thick" + kephale "head".
:
An unidentified Pachycephala whistler was heard on May 14, 1994 at 1,000 meters ASL
south of the summit of Camiguin
in the Philippines
, where the genus was not previously known to occur. It might have been an undescribed taxon
, or simply a vagrant of a known species.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s native to Oceania
Oceania
Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago...
and Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
. They are commonly known as typical whistlers. Older guidebooks may refer to them as thickheads, a literal translation of the generic name, which is derived from the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
terms pachys "thick" + kephale "head".
Species in taxonomic sequence
There are nearly 3 dozen speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
:
- Olive WhistlerOlive WhistlerThe Olive Whistler, Pachycephala olivacea is a species of bird of the whistler family Pachycephalidae that is native to southeastern Australia. By an untrained eye, they can be mistaken for female Golden Whistlers....
, Pachycephala olivacea - Red-lored WhistlerRed-lored WhistlerThe Red-Lored Whistler is similar, in many respects, to the Gilbert Whistler, to which it is clearly related, and from which it must be distinguished: the range of the Red-lored Whistler falls entirely within that of the Gilbert Whistler. The two species share the same habitat, behaviour and even...
, Pachycephala rufogularis - Gilbert's WhistlerGilbert's WhistlerThe Gilbert's Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to Australia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26 July 2007....
, Pachycephala inornata - Mangrove WhistlerMangrove WhistlerThe Mangrove Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:...
, Pachycephala grisola - Green-backed WhistlerGreen-backed WhistlerThe Green-backed Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to the Philippines....
, Pachycephala albiventris - White-vented WhistlerWhite-vented WhistlerThe White-vented Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Malaysia and the Philippines....
, Pachycephala homeyeri - Island WhistlerIsland WhistlerThe Island Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.-References:...
, Pachycephala phaionotus - Rusty WhistlerRusty WhistlerThe Rusty Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Pachycephala hyperythra - Brown-backed WhistlerBrown-backed WhistlerThe Brown-backed Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Pachycephala modesta - Sulphur-bellied WhistlerSulphur-bellied WhistlerThe Sulphur-vented Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia....
, Pachycephala sulfuriventer - Bornean WhistlerBornean WhistlerThe Bornean Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26 July 2007....
, Pachycephala hypoxantha - Vogelkop WhistlerVogelkop WhistlerThe Vogelkop Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Pachycephala meyeri - Grey WhistlerGrey WhistlerThe Grey Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea....
, Pachycephala simplex - Fawn-breasted WhistlerFawn-breasted WhistlerThe Fawn-breasted Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and East Timor....
, Pachycephala orpheus - Sclater's WhistlerSclater's WhistlerThe Sclater's Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea....
, Pachycephala soror - Rusty-breasted (Fulvous-tinted) WhistlerRusty-breasted WhistlerThe Rusty-breasted Whistler , also known as the Fulvous-tinted Whistler, is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it ranges from Java east to Alor and north to the Selayar Islands...
, Pachycephala fulvotincta - Banda Sea (Yellow-throated) WhistlerBanda Sea WhistlerThe Banda Sea Whistler , also known as the Yellow-throated Whistler , is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family...
, Pachycephala macrorhyncha - Black-chinned WhistlerBlack-chinned WhistlerThe Black-chinned Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family, which is endemic to Halmahera and adjacent smaller islands in North Maluku in Indonesia. It is variably considered a subspecies of a widespread Golden Whistler The Black-chinned Whistler (Pachycephala mentalis) is a...
, Pachycephala (pectoralis) mentalis - Yellow-bellied WhistlerYellow-bellied WhistlerThe Yellow-bellied Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to the Philippines....
, Pachycephala philippinensis - Australian Golden Whistler, Pachycephala pectoralis
- Lord Howe Golden WhistlerLord Howe Golden WhistlerThe Lord Howe Golden Whistler , also known as the Lord Howe Whistler or Lord Howe Island Golden Whistler, and locally as the “Robin” or “Yellow Robin”, is a small bird in the whistler family, Pachycephalidae...
, Pachycephala pectoralis contempta - Norfolk Island Golden WhistlerNorfolk Island Golden WhistlerThe Norfolk Island Golden Whistler , also known as the Norfolk Island Whistler or Norfolk Island Thickhead, and locally as the “Tamey”, is a small bird in the whistler family, Pachycephalidae...
, Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta - Balim Whistler, Pachycephala pectoralis balim
- Lord Howe Golden Whistler
- Bismarck WhistlerBismarck WhistlerThe Bismarck Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family, which is endemic to the Bismarck and Louisiade Archipelagos in Papua New Guinea. It is variably considered a subspecies of a widespread Golden Whistler The Bismarck Whistler (Pachycephala citreogaster) is a species of bird...
, Pachycephala citreogaster - Oriole (Yellow-throated) WhistlerOriole WhistlerThe Oriole Whistler , also known as the Yellow-throated Whistler , is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family, which is endemic to the Solomon Islands, and the islands of Bougainville and Buka in far eastern Papua New Guinea...
, Pachycephala orioloides - Melanesian Whistler, Pachycephala caledonica
- New Caledonian WhistlerNew Caledonian WhistlerThe Melanesian Whistler is a species of passerine bird in the whistler family Pachycephalidae. It is found in New Caledonia , Vanuatu, and Vanikoro in far southeastern Solomons. Alternatively, all except the nominate subspecies are treated as subspecies of the Golden Whistler...
, Pachycephala (c.) caledonica
- New Caledonian Whistler
- White-throated WhistlerWhite-throated WhistlerThe White-throated Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family, which is endemic to Fiji and the Solomons . It is variably considered a subspecies of a widespread P...
, Pachycephala vitiensis - Fiji WhistlerFiji WhistlerThe Fiji Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family, which is endemic to Fiji. It is variably considered a subspecies of a widespread P. pectoralis, a subspecies of P...
, Pachycephala graeffi - Tongan WhistlerTongan WhistlerThe Tongan Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family. It is endemic to the islands of Vava'u and Late in Tonga. It is mainly found in tropical primary forest, but can sometimes be seen in second growth or wooded plantations...
, Pachycephala jacquinoti - Mangrove Golden WhistlerMangrove Golden WhistlerThe Mangrove Golder Whistler or Black-tailed Whistler is an endemic to Australian bird found in mangrove forests and adjacent wet forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26 July 2007....
, Pachycephala melanura - Samoan WhistlerSamoan WhistlerThe Samoan Whistler , also known as the Yellow-fronted Whistler, is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family. It is endemic to Samoa, where found in forest, plantations and gardens...
, Pachycephala flavifrons - Hooded WhistlerHooded WhistlerThe Hooded Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Pachycephala implicata - Bare-throated WhistlerBare-throated WhistlerThe Bare-throated Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:* BirdLife International...
, Pachycephala nudigula - Lorentz's WhistlerLorentz's WhistlerThe Lorentz's Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Pachycephala lorentzi - Regent WhistlerRegent WhistlerThe Regent Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Pachycephala schlegelii - Golden-backed WhistlerGolden-backed WhistlerThe Golden-backed Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26 July 2007....
, Pachycephala aurea - Rufous WhistlerRufous WhistlerThe Rufous Whistler is a species of whistler found in New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, and throughout Australia . Predominantly a reddish-brown and grey bird, it makes up for its subdued plumage with its song-making ability...
, Pachycephala rufiventris - Black-headed WhistlerBlack-headed WhistlerThe Black-headed Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Pachycephala monacha - White-bellied WhistlerWhite-bellied WhistlerThe White-bellied Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.The species has an oddly discontinuous distribution, occurring in two small patches of northern New Guinea, one small patch in south eastern New Guinea and on Rossel Island in the Louisiade Archipelago...
, Pachycephala leucogastra - Wallacean WhistlerWallacean WhistlerThe Wallacean Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests....
, Pachycephala arctitorquis - Drab WhistlerDrab WhistlerThe Drab Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Pachycephala griseonota - Cinnamon-breasted WhistlerCinnamon-breasted WhistlerThe Cinnamon-breasted Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family. It is endemic to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia. It has been considered a subspecies of the Drab Whistler -References:...
, Pachycephala johni - White-breasted WhistlerWhite-breasted WhistlerThe White-breasted Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is endemic to Australia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.-References:...
, Pachycephala lanioides
An unidentified Pachycephala whistler was heard on May 14, 1994 at 1,000 meters ASL
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
south of the summit of Camiguin
Camiguin
Camiguin is an island province of the Philippines located in the Bohol Sea, about off the northern coast of Misamis Oriental in Mindanao. It is the second-smallest province both in population and land area after Batanes...
in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
, where the genus was not previously known to occur. It might have been an undescribed taxon
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
, or simply a vagrant of a known species.