Pamoic acid
Encyclopedia
Pamoic acid, also called embonic acid, is a naphthoic acid derivative. Salts and ester
s of pamoic acid are known as pamoates or embonates. It can be prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid with formaldehyde
. In pharmacology, the salt form of pamoic acid (pamoate ion) can be used as a counter ion of a drug compound to increase the solubility of the drug in water. The presence of multiple oxygen atoms enables significant hydrogen bonding to occur. Hydrogen bonds facilitate the dissolution of compounds in water.
It was demonstrated that pamoic acid has agonist activity for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35
by which it activates ERK
and beta-arrestin2
, and causes antinociceptive activity. Although (like other drug salts) it has been considered an inactive compound by the FDA, these recent data suggest that its use may be reexamined.
Ester
Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...
s of pamoic acid are known as pamoates or embonates. It can be prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid with formaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2O. It is the simplest aldehyde, hence its systematic name methanal.Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor. It is an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, especially for polymers...
. In pharmacology, the salt form of pamoic acid (pamoate ion) can be used as a counter ion of a drug compound to increase the solubility of the drug in water. The presence of multiple oxygen atoms enables significant hydrogen bonding to occur. Hydrogen bonds facilitate the dissolution of compounds in water.
It was demonstrated that pamoic acid has agonist activity for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35
GPR35
G protein-coupled receptor 35 also known as GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor which in humans is encoded by the GPR35 gene Heightened expression of GPR35 is found in immune and gastrointestinal tissues, including the crypts of Lieberkühn....
by which it activates ERK
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
In molecular biology, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells...
and beta-arrestin2
Arrestin beta 2
Beta-arrestin-2, also known as arrestin beta-2, is an intracellular protein that in humans is encoded by the ARRB2 gene.Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of...
, and causes antinociceptive activity. Although (like other drug salts) it has been considered an inactive compound by the FDA, these recent data suggest that its use may be reexamined.