Pandji Tisna
Encyclopedia
Anak Agung Pandji Tisna (11 February 1908 – 2 June 1978), also known as Anak Agung Nyoman Pandji Tisna, I Gusti Nyoman Pandji Tisna, or just Pandji Tisna, was the 11th descendent of the Padji Sakti dynasty of Buleleng
, Singaraja
, which is in the northern part of Bali
, Indonesia
. He succeeded his father, Anak Agung Putu Djelantik, in 1944.
On the last page of Pandji Tisna's book, I Made Widiadi, written in 1955, he wrote his life story in chronological order. He was a writer and a novelist. He refused to be the king of Buleleng, but being the eldest son, the Japanese occupancy troops forced him to be "syucho" after the death of his father in 1944.
During his reign, he became the leader of the Council of Kings of all of Bali from 1946 to 1947 (Paruman Agung) and the Regent of Buleleng
. In 1947, because his uniquely Christian
faith did not fit in with the predominant Hindu religion, Pandji Tisna surrendered the throne to his younger brother, Anak Agung Ngurah Ketut Djelantik or I Gusti Ketut Djelantik, also known as Meester Djelantik, until 1949.
He died 2 June 1978 and was buried in the graveyard on the Eastside of his land near the chapel he built years before.
Pandji Tisna received his formal education in a primary school in Singaraja and continued his education in a middle school in Batavia
.
. Many of his short stories were published in Terang Bulan magazine in Surabaya. He also took the time to write poems, such as Ni Poetri, which was published by Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana in Poedjangga Baroe magazine in Jakarta.
Pandji Tisna had a varied career as a merchant, secretary to his father, Headmaster of Elementary School, Editor of Jatayu magazine, and farmer, before succeeding to the throne on the death of his father on 25 July, 1944. He was Chair of the Balinese Council of Kings from 1946–1947, but abdicated in favour of his brother, Meester Djelantik, in 1947.
He was a member of the Provisional Parliament of the State of East Indonesia from 1946-1948.
, especially in the northern beach district. In 1953, he chose Desa Tukad Cebol (now Desa Kaliasem [Kaliasem Village]) as his holiday home. There he wrote and received both local and foreign guests. He named his holiday home Lovina, which is an abbreviation of words Love Indonesia. He then built several guest houses in the western coast in Buleleng. The whole area then became known as Pantai Lovina, or Lovina Beach in English. For this reason, he is accredited as "The Father of Balinese Tourism". In 2003, the Balinese government posthumously awarded him the Karya Karana Award in recognition of his services to the development of Balinese tourism.
during the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia
and was imprisoned as a result by the Japanese in Singaraja. The arrest occurred becausehis wife, Jero Mekele Seroja, in drying a Dutch
flag, raised suspicions that Pandji Tisna was a Dutch loyalist. These suspicions were compounded because a Bible
in the Dutch language
, which was a gift from his younger brother, Djelantik, was found in his room.
Pandji Tisna was arrested and imprisoned in Singaraja. He was released with the help of Miora, a Christian spy. After his release, Pandji Tisna vowed to study the Bible and become a Christian with the help of a Christian priest, A.F. Ambesa. In the following year, Pandji Tisna was baptised as a Christian.
Buleleng
Buleleng is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,365.88 km2 and population of 577,644 . Its regency seat is Singaraja....
, Singaraja
Singaraja
Singaraja is the regency seat of Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. The name is Indonesian for "Lion King". It is on the north coast just east of Lovina...
, which is in the northern part of Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. He succeeded his father, Anak Agung Putu Djelantik, in 1944.
On the last page of Pandji Tisna's book, I Made Widiadi, written in 1955, he wrote his life story in chronological order. He was a writer and a novelist. He refused to be the king of Buleleng, but being the eldest son, the Japanese occupancy troops forced him to be "syucho" after the death of his father in 1944.
During his reign, he became the leader of the Council of Kings of all of Bali from 1946 to 1947 (Paruman Agung) and the Regent of Buleleng
Buleleng
Buleleng is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,365.88 km2 and population of 577,644 . Its regency seat is Singaraja....
. In 1947, because his uniquely Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
faith did not fit in with the predominant Hindu religion, Pandji Tisna surrendered the throne to his younger brother, Anak Agung Ngurah Ketut Djelantik or I Gusti Ketut Djelantik, also known as Meester Djelantik, until 1949.
He died 2 June 1978 and was buried in the graveyard on the Eastside of his land near the chapel he built years before.
Early years
Anak Agung Pandji Tisna was born to Anak Agung Putu Djelantik and his wife Jeo Mekele Rengga.Pandji Tisna received his formal education in a primary school in Singaraja and continued his education in a middle school in Batavia
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
.
Career
Pandji Tisna is best known as a novelist. His novels, which all took place in Bali, especially in Singaraja, his birthplace, were published by Balai PustakaBalai Pustaka
Balai Pustaka is the state-owned publisher of Indonesia and publisher of major pieces of Indonesian literature such as Salah Asuhan, Sitti Nurbaya and Layar Terkembang. Its head office is in Jakarta....
. Many of his short stories were published in Terang Bulan magazine in Surabaya. He also took the time to write poems, such as Ni Poetri, which was published by Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana in Poedjangga Baroe magazine in Jakarta.
Pandji Tisna had a varied career as a merchant, secretary to his father, Headmaster of Elementary School, Editor of Jatayu magazine, and farmer, before succeeding to the throne on the death of his father on 25 July, 1944. He was Chair of the Balinese Council of Kings from 1946–1947, but abdicated in favour of his brother, Meester Djelantik, in 1947.
He was a member of the Provisional Parliament of the State of East Indonesia from 1946-1948.
Development of the Balinese tourist industry
Pandji Tisna is also remembered as a pioneer of Balinese tourismTourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
, especially in the northern beach district. In 1953, he chose Desa Tukad Cebol (now Desa Kaliasem [Kaliasem Village]) as his holiday home. There he wrote and received both local and foreign guests. He named his holiday home Lovina, which is an abbreviation of words Love Indonesia. He then built several guest houses in the western coast in Buleleng. The whole area then became known as Pantai Lovina, or Lovina Beach in English. For this reason, he is accredited as "The Father of Balinese Tourism". In 2003, the Balinese government posthumously awarded him the Karya Karana Award in recognition of his services to the development of Balinese tourism.
Conversion to Christianity
Pandji Tisna converted to ChristianityChristianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
during the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia
Japanese Occupation of Indonesia
The Japanese Empire occupied Indonesia, known then as the Dutch East Indies, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945...
and was imprisoned as a result by the Japanese in Singaraja. The arrest occurred becausehis wife, Jero Mekele Seroja, in drying a Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
flag, raised suspicions that Pandji Tisna was a Dutch loyalist. These suspicions were compounded because a Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
in the Dutch language
Dutch language
Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...
, which was a gift from his younger brother, Djelantik, was found in his room.
Pandji Tisna was arrested and imprisoned in Singaraja. He was released with the help of Miora, a Christian spy. After his release, Pandji Tisna vowed to study the Bible and become a Christian with the help of a Christian priest, A.F. Ambesa. In the following year, Pandji Tisna was baptised as a Christian.
Family
Pandji Tisna had four wives, Anak Agung Istri Manik, with whom he had two sons; Ni Ketut Mayas (Jero Mekele Seroja), with whom he had two sons; Luh Sayang (Mekele Sadpada), with whom he had four sons and two daughters; and Jro Mekele Resmi, with whom he had ten sons and three daughters.Major works
- I Made Widiadi (Kembali kepada Tuhan) (1955)
- I Swasta Setahun di Bedahulu (1938)
- Sukreni Gadis Bali (1936), this work was firstly published in Balinese languageBalinese languageBalinese or simply Bali is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3.3 million people on the Indonesian island of Bali, as well as northern Nusa Penida, western Lombok and eastern Java...
. It has subsequently been translated into other languages with the following titles:- Bali Taruniyan Dedenekuge Kathawa, a Sinhala language edition, a translation by Dr. P. G. Punchihewa.
- The Rape of Sukreni, an English edition, a translation by George Quinn.
- Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang (1935)
- Panglajar Djadi Tjoelik a SundaneseSundanese languageSundanese is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population....
1940 edition, a translation by Soerjana.
- Panglajar Djadi Tjoelik a Sundanese
Further reading
- The Last King of Singaraja, Bali by Prof. I Gusti Ngurah Gorda.
- Warna Lokal Bali dalam Sukreni Gadis Bali Karya Anak Agung Pandji Tisna by Made Pasek Parwatha.
- Patih Jelantik by Dr. Udayana P. Tisna.