Pareronia valeria
Encyclopedia
The Common Wanderer is a medium sized butterfly
of the family Pieridae
, that is, the Yellows and Whites, and is found in India
.
Male upperside: ground-colour a clear pale blue of a much deeper tint than in P. avatar, Moore; all the veins defined with black. Fore wing: costa broadly, apex and terminal margin very broadly black, this black on the termen narrowed towards the tornus, and traversed by a transverse subterminal series of bluish-white spots that are variable in number; the spot in interspace 3 shifted inwards; sometimes the posterior two spots of the series are all but joined on to the streaks of the groundcolour between the veins. Hind wing: dorsal and costal margins broadly whitish: terminal margin broadly black, especially at apex, the black area covered, except at the tornus, with specialised opaque-looking scales. Underside: paler blue, the terminal margins of the wings obscurely fuscous, traversed by a subterminal, very indistinct, transverse series of whitish lunulated spots. Fore wing: the veins more or less broadly bordered with black, this edging broadened towards the termen; apex broadly, terminal margin decreasingly to the tornus, suffused with a somewhat obscure pearly-while lustre. Hind wing: the subcostal vein and veins 6, 7, and 8 broadly, the rest of the veins very narrowly edged with black; a very fine black line in interspace 1. Cilia of both fore and hind wings very narrow and white. Antennae black, head, thorax and abdomen fuscous, the thorax clothed with long bluish hairs ; beneath : the palpi, thorax and abdomen pale silvery bluish-white.
Female:
First Form. Upper-side: black; the markings bluish white. Fore wing: cell with two streaks, the anterior one from the extreme base, the posterior one from the end of the basal third, but extending beyond tho anterior streak; below and beyond the cell is a series of streaks in the interspaces; tho streaks very irregular in length, that in interspace 1 the longest, angulated anteriorly and divided longitudinally from near its base, the streak in interspace 3 short and broad forming an elongate spot, those in the anterior interspaces more or less obliquely placed; beyond these streaks follows a subterminal transverse series of spots, of which the spot in interspace 3 is shifted inwards and those opposite the apex curved backwards. Hind wing: costa and dorsum broadly white; cell and the interspaces beyond with a series of streaks and sub-terminal spots, more or less as in the fore wing but more regular; the streak in cell and interspace 1 divided longitudinally, the subterminal series of spots evenly curved.
Underside: similar to the upperside, but the ground-colour dull, dusky and diffuse, the markings broader but less clearly defined; the apical area on the fore wing obscured by a powdering of whitish scales. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen much as in the male but darker.
Second Form. Very like the first, the markings both on the upper and under sides similar, but the ground-colour on the upperside of the hind wing at base of interspace 1 a, over the whole of interspace 1, area of cell and at base of interspace 2 suffused with bright yellow. On the underside the same areas are dull ochraceous. The extent of the bright yellow colour on the upper-side and of the dull ochraceous tint on the underside is variable, in some specimens more restricted, in others it spreads further towards the costa.the common form of female mimics glassy tiger to avoid predation. the philomela form is rare and identified by yellow coloration at the base of the wings. this form is reported more in north-east India. According to Wynter-Blyth this form mimics Danais aspasia, which is not found west of Myanmar. He rejects the assumption that the wagtail carries the eggs of D. aspasia to India. It seems that in bygone era the D. aspasia might have been found in India in the past along with the Common Wanderer and later eliminated.
Butterfly
A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured...
of the family Pieridae
Pieridae
The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and Asia. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow or orange in coloration, often with black spots...
, that is, the Yellows and Whites, and is found in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
Description
- See glossaryGlossary of Lepidopteran termsThis glossary describes the terms used in the formal descriptions of insect species, jargon used mostly by professionals or entomologist....
for terms used
Male upperside: ground-colour a clear pale blue of a much deeper tint than in P. avatar, Moore; all the veins defined with black. Fore wing: costa broadly, apex and terminal margin very broadly black, this black on the termen narrowed towards the tornus, and traversed by a transverse subterminal series of bluish-white spots that are variable in number; the spot in interspace 3 shifted inwards; sometimes the posterior two spots of the series are all but joined on to the streaks of the groundcolour between the veins. Hind wing: dorsal and costal margins broadly whitish: terminal margin broadly black, especially at apex, the black area covered, except at the tornus, with specialised opaque-looking scales. Underside: paler blue, the terminal margins of the wings obscurely fuscous, traversed by a subterminal, very indistinct, transverse series of whitish lunulated spots. Fore wing: the veins more or less broadly bordered with black, this edging broadened towards the termen; apex broadly, terminal margin decreasingly to the tornus, suffused with a somewhat obscure pearly-while lustre. Hind wing: the subcostal vein and veins 6, 7, and 8 broadly, the rest of the veins very narrowly edged with black; a very fine black line in interspace 1. Cilia of both fore and hind wings very narrow and white. Antennae black, head, thorax and abdomen fuscous, the thorax clothed with long bluish hairs ; beneath : the palpi, thorax and abdomen pale silvery bluish-white.
Female:
First Form. Upper-side: black; the markings bluish white. Fore wing: cell with two streaks, the anterior one from the extreme base, the posterior one from the end of the basal third, but extending beyond tho anterior streak; below and beyond the cell is a series of streaks in the interspaces; tho streaks very irregular in length, that in interspace 1 the longest, angulated anteriorly and divided longitudinally from near its base, the streak in interspace 3 short and broad forming an elongate spot, those in the anterior interspaces more or less obliquely placed; beyond these streaks follows a subterminal transverse series of spots, of which the spot in interspace 3 is shifted inwards and those opposite the apex curved backwards. Hind wing: costa and dorsum broadly white; cell and the interspaces beyond with a series of streaks and sub-terminal spots, more or less as in the fore wing but more regular; the streak in cell and interspace 1 divided longitudinally, the subterminal series of spots evenly curved.
Underside: similar to the upperside, but the ground-colour dull, dusky and diffuse, the markings broader but less clearly defined; the apical area on the fore wing obscured by a powdering of whitish scales. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen much as in the male but darker.
Second Form. Very like the first, the markings both on the upper and under sides similar, but the ground-colour on the upperside of the hind wing at base of interspace 1 a, over the whole of interspace 1, area of cell and at base of interspace 2 suffused with bright yellow. On the underside the same areas are dull ochraceous. The extent of the bright yellow colour on the upper-side and of the dull ochraceous tint on the underside is variable, in some specimens more restricted, in others it spreads further towards the costa.the common form of female mimics glassy tiger to avoid predation. the philomela form is rare and identified by yellow coloration at the base of the wings. this form is reported more in north-east India. According to Wynter-Blyth this form mimics Danais aspasia, which is not found west of Myanmar. He rejects the assumption that the wagtail carries the eggs of D. aspasia to India. It seems that in bygone era the D. aspasia might have been found in India in the past along with the Common Wanderer and later eliminated.
Other references
- Evans, W.H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India
See also
- PieridaePieridaeThe Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and Asia. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow or orange in coloration, often with black spots...
- List of Butterflies of India
- List of Butterflies of India (Pieridae)