Patagioenas
Encyclopedia
Patagioenas is a genus of New World pigeon
s whose distinctness from the genus Columba
was long disputed but ultimately confirmed. It is basal to the Columba-Streptopelia
radiation. Their ancestors diverged from that lineage probably over 8 million years ago. While the biogeographic pattern of this group suggests that the ancestors of the typical pigeons and turtle-doves settled the Old World
from the Americas
, Patagioenas may just as well be the offspring of Old World
pigeons which only radiated
into different genera later, given that the cuckoo-doves (Macropygia) of Southeast Asia
seem also close relatives.
of Patagioenas, which can be assigned to 4 groups based on mtDNA cytochrome b
, cytochrome c oxidase
subunit
I, and NADH dehydrogenase
subunit 2, as well as the nuclear
β-fibrinogen
intron
7 data combined with analyses of vocalizations and morphology
. They could be considered subgenera, but one of them remains unnamed as such and thus they are only informally listed here:
caribaea/Band-tailed group (Chloroenas): Tails with terminal bands and iridescent neck; rows of low single coos. Apparently the most basal
group. Chilean Pigeon
, Patagioenas araucana
Ring-tailed Pigeon
, Patagioenas caribaea
leucocephala group (Patagioenas sensu stricto): Iridescent neck and dark plumage, or white edged outer wing coverts, or scaly appearance; groups of triple coos with the first call in each drawn out except in speciosa
cayennensis group: No display plumage except iridescent head in cayennensis; groups of double or triple coos with the first call in each short Red-billed Pigeon
, Patagioenas flavirostris
Maranon Pigeon, Patagioenas oenops
Plain Pigeon
, Patagioenas inornata
plumbea group (Oenoenas): Small size, plain plumage, rounded tails, small bills, phrase composed of high single coos
A fossil species (Curtis Pigeon) initially placed in Chloroenas, Patagioenas micula (Early Pliocene
of Curtis Ranch, USA) is known. A small member of this genus, it probably indeed belonged to the band-tailed group.
Dove
Pigeons and doves constitute the bird family Columbidae within the order Columbiformes, which include some 300 species of near passerines. In general terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used somewhat interchangeably...
s whose distinctness from the genus Columba
Columba (genus)
The large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons, often referred to as the typical pigeons. The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively...
was long disputed but ultimately confirmed. It is basal to the Columba-Streptopelia
Streptopelia
Streptopelia is a genus of birds in the dove family. These are mainly slim, small to medium-sized species. The upperparts tend to be pale brown, and the underparts are often a shade of pink. Many have a characteristic black-and-white patch on the neck, and monotonous cooing songs.The heartland of...
radiation. Their ancestors diverged from that lineage probably over 8 million years ago. While the biogeographic pattern of this group suggests that the ancestors of the typical pigeons and turtle-doves settled the Old World
Old World
The Old World consists of those parts of the world known to classical antiquity and the European Middle Ages. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the "New World" ....
from the Americas
Americas
The Americas, or America , are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World. In English, the plural form the Americas is often used to refer to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, while the singular form America is primarily...
, Patagioenas may just as well be the offspring of Old World
Old World
The Old World consists of those parts of the world known to classical antiquity and the European Middle Ages. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the "New World" ....
pigeons which only radiated
Evolutionary radiation
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity, due to adaptive change or the opening of ecospace. Radiations may affect one clade or many, and be rapid or gradual; where they are rapid, and driven by a single lineage's adaptation to their environment,...
into different genera later, given that the cuckoo-doves (Macropygia) of Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
seem also close relatives.
Species
There are 17 speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of Patagioenas, which can be assigned to 4 groups based on mtDNA cytochrome b
Cytochrome b
Cytochrome b/b6 is the main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes. In addition, it commonly refers to a region of mtDNA used for population genetics and phylogenetics.- Function :...
, cytochrome c oxidase
Cytochrome c oxidase
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria and the mitochondrion.It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of mitochondria located in the mitochondrial membrane...
subunit
Protein subunit
In structural biology, a protein subunit or subunit protein is a single protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules to form a protein complex: a multimeric or oligomeric protein. Many naturally occurring proteins and enzymes are multimeric...
I, and NADH dehydrogenase
NADH dehydrogenase
NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q...
subunit 2, as well as the nuclear
Nuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA, nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid , is DNA contained within a nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. In mammals and vertebrates, nuclear DNA encodes more of the genome than the mitochondrial DNA and is composed of information inherited from two parents, one male, and one female, rather than...
β-fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma glycoprotein, synthesised by the liver, that is converted by thrombin into fibrin during blood coagulation. This is achieved through processes in the coagulation cascade that activate the zymogen prothrombin to the serine protease thrombin, which is responsible for...
intron
Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to generate the final mature RNA product of a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. Sequences that are joined together in the final...
7 data combined with analyses of vocalizations and morphology
Morphology (biology)
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
. They could be considered subgenera, but one of them remains unnamed as such and thus they are only informally listed here:
caribaea/Band-tailed group (Chloroenas): Tails with terminal bands and iridescent neck; rows of low single coos. Apparently the most basal
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, a basal clade is the earliest clade to branch in a larger clade; it appears at the base of a cladogram.A basal group forms an outgroup to the rest of the clade, such as in the following example:...
group.
- Band-tailed PigeonBand-tailed PigeonThe Band-tailed Pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata, is a medium-sized bird of the Americas. Its closest relatives are the Chilean Pigeon and the Ring-tailed Pigeon, which form a clade of Patagioenas with a terminal tail band and iridescent plumage on their necks.It ranges from British Columbia, Utah, and...
Chilean Pigeon
The Chilean Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family.It is found in Argentina, Chile, and Falkland Islands.Its natural habitat is temperate forests.-References:...
,
Ring-tailed Pigeon
The Ring-tailed Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family.It is endemic to Jamaica.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
,
leucocephala group (Patagioenas sensu stricto): Iridescent neck and dark plumage, or white edged outer wing coverts, or scaly appearance; groups of triple coos with the first call in each drawn out except in speciosa
- White-crowned PigeonWhite-crowned PigeonThe White-crowned Pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae . It inhabits the northern and central Caribbean islands and some places on the North and Central American mainland...
Patagioenas leucocephala - Scaly-naped PigeonScaly-naped PigeonThe Scaly-naped Pigeon , also known as the Red-necked Pigeon, is a bird belonging to the family Columbidae. The species occurs throughout the Caribbean.- Description :...
, Patagioenas squamosa - Scaled PigeonScaled PigeonThe Scaled Pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa , is a large New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from southern Mexico south to western Ecuador, southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Trinidad....
, Patagioenas speciosa - Picazuro PigeonPicazuro PigeonThe Picazuro Pigeon is a common pigeon native to South America.-Description:Patagioenas picazuro is a brown bird with white dashes on the back of its neck and darker brown wing patterns. It is similar in appearance to the Spotted Dove.-Distribution:The Picazuro Pigeon is found in Argentina,...
, Patagioenas picazuro - Bare-eyed PigeonBare-eyed PigeonThe Bare-eyed Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family.It is found in Aruba, Colombia, Netherlands Antilles, and Venezuela....
, Patagioenas corensis - Spot-winged PigeonSpot-winged PigeonThe Spot-winged Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family.It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay....
, Patagioenas maculosa
cayennensis group: No display plumage except iridescent head in cayennensis; groups of double or triple coos with the first call in each short
- Pale-vented PigeonPale-vented PigeonThe Pale-vented Pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis, is a large pigeon found in the tropical American. Formerly often placed in Columba, it actually belongs to a clade of the older New World genus Patagioenas. With its relatives it represents an evolutionary radiation extending through most of the...
,
Red-billed Pigeon
The Red-billed Pigeon, Patagioenas flavirostris , is a relatively large pigeon which breeds from southern Texas, United States, and northwestern Mexico south to Costa Rica...
,
Plain Pigeon
The Plain Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family. It is found in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Its natural habitats are forest, woodland, coastal desert, mangrove and swampy areas...
,
plumbea group (Oenoenas): Small size, plain plumage, rounded tails, small bills, phrase composed of high single coos
- Plumbeous PigeonPlumbeous PigeonThe Plumbeous Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela....
, Patagioenas plumbea - Ruddy PigeonRuddy PigeonThe Ruddy Pigeon, Patagioenas subvinacea, is a largish pigeon which breeds from Costa Rica south to western Ecuador, Bolivia and central Brazil. It belongs to a clade of small and rather plain species of Patagioenas with characteristic calls that constitute the subgenus Oenoenas...
, Patagioenas subvinacea - Short-billed PigeonShort-billed PigeonThe Short-billed Pigeon, Patagioenas nigrirostris , is a largish pigeon which breeds from southern Mexico south to northwestern Colombia...
, Patagioenas nigrirostris - Dusky PigeonDusky PigeonThe Dusky Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family.It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
, Patagioenas goodsoni
A fossil species (Curtis Pigeon) initially placed in Chloroenas, Patagioenas micula (Early Pliocene
Pliocene
The Pliocene Epoch is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.332 million to 2.588 million years before present. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch...
of Curtis Ranch, USA) is known. A small member of this genus, it probably indeed belonged to the band-tailed group.
Further reading
- Couve, E. & Vidal, C. (2003): Aves de Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego y Península Antártcica. Editorial Fantástico Sur Birding Ltda. ISBN 956-8007-03-2