Paul Eggers
Encyclopedia
Paul Walter Eggers is an Indiana
Indiana
Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...

 native who was the Republican
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

 nominee for governor
Governor of Texas
The governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texas's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, and to convene the legislature...

 of Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

 in both 1968 and 1970, when the state still had two-year gubernatorial terms. (Under a 1972 state constitutional amendment, the terms were doubled in 1974 to the current four years.) Eggers' races for governor were his only attempts at elected office. At the time, he was a largely unknown tax attorney in Wichita Falls
Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States, United States. Wichita Falls is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay and Wichita counties. According to the U.S. Census estimate of 2010,...

 in north Texas. By 1970, Eggers had relocated from Wichita Falls to Dallas
Dallas, Texas
Dallas is the third-largest city in Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States...

. He was a close friend and associate of Republican U.S. Senator John G. Tower. Eggers' amiable personality was shown in his campaign posters, and he waged aggressive though underfunded races against the conservative Democratic
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

 nominee, Preston Smith, a theater owner from Lubbock
Lubbock, Texas
Lubbock is a city in and the county seat of Lubbock County, Texas, United States. The city is located in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically as the Llano Estacado, and the home of Texas Tech University and Lubbock Christian University...

, who was the lieutenant governor
Lieutenant governor
A lieutenant governor or lieutenant-governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction, but is often the deputy or lieutenant to or ranking under a governor — a "second-in-command"...

 under retiring Governor John B. Connally, Jr.

Early years, family, law practice

Eggers was born to Ernest H. Eggers and the former Ottilie W. Carre in Seymour
Seymour, Indiana
Seymour was the site of the World's First Train Robbery, committed by the local Reno Gang, on October 6, 1866 just east of town. The gang was put into prison for the robbery, and later hanged at Hangman's Crossing outside of town....

 in Jackson County
Jackson County, Indiana
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, the population was 42,376. The county seat is Brownstown.-History:...

 in southern Indiana. He received his Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...

 degree in 1941 from Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University, known colloquially as Valpo, is a regionally accredited private university located in the city of Valparaiso in the U.S. state of Indiana. Founded in 1859, it consists of five undergraduate colleges, a graduate school, a nursing school and a law school...

 in Valparaiso
Valparaiso, Indiana
Valparaiso is a city in and the county seat of Porter County, Indiana, United States. The population was 31,730 at the 2010 census, making it the 2nd largest city in Porter County.-History:...

, Indiana. The institution named him a "Distinguished Alumnus" in 1978. On December 29, 1946, he married Frances Kramer. They had one son, Steven Paul Eggers (born 1957) of Dallas. Eggers received his J.D.
Juris Doctor
Juris Doctor is a professional doctorate and first professional graduate degree in law.The degree was first awarded by Harvard University in the United States in the late 19th century and was created as a modern version of the old European doctor of law degree Juris Doctor (see etymology and...

 degree from the University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin is a state research university located in Austin, Texas, USA, and is the flagship institution of the The University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, its campus is located approximately from the Texas State Capitol in Austin...

 in 1948 and was thereafter licensed to practice law in Texas. After his divorce
Divorce
Divorce is the final termination of a marital union, canceling the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and dissolving the bonds of matrimony between the parties...

 from his first wife, Eggers married Virginia McMillin (born 1928) on February 23, 1974. He has been in private practice and a partner in three law firms, Eggers, Sherrill, & Pace (1952–1969) in Wichita Falls and Eggers & Wylie (1977–1979), and Eggers & Greene (1979–1993), both in Dallas. Eggers has long been an active member of the Episcopal Church. He was chancellor of the Diocese of Dallas from 1978–1992, when he was designated chancellor-emeritus.

In 1967, Eggers headed a citizens group which developed plans to open the first senior citizens center in Wichita Falls for leisure activities for persons sixty years of age and older. The center, which offers dances, book reviews, lectures, and hot lunches, opened in May 1968. The project began on a three-year trial basis and became an integral part of Senior Citizens Services of North Texas. About the time that work began on the senior citizens center, Eggers was named to the board of directors of the City National Bank of Wichita Falls.

The 1968 campaign

To secure the 1968 party nomination, Eggers, with 65,501 votes (62.5 percent), handily defeated two challengers, John Trice (28,849) and Wallace Sisk (10,415). In 1964, Trice had been the GOP candidate for Texas Attorney General
Texas Attorney General
The Texas Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of Texas.The department has offices at the William P. Clements State Office Building at 300 West 15th Street in Austin.-History:...

 against the incumbent Waggoner Carr
Waggoner Carr
Vincent Waggoner Carr was a Democratic Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives and Attorney General of Texas.-Early years, education, military service:...

, who two years later was the Democratic opponent of Senator Tower. The Republican primary vote for all three intraparty rivals was only 5.6 percent of the total Democratic primary turnout.Time called Eggers a "virtually unknown candidate who is unlikely to make Texas history by becoming the first Republican Governor since Reconstruction."

Preston Smith won the 1968 nomination in a runoff against the liberal Don Yarborough
Don Yarborough
Donald Howard Yarborough, known as Don Yarborough , was a liberal Democratic politician who was reportedly the first Southern politician to endorse the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Yarborough, an attorney in Houston, Texas, ran for governor of Texas in 1962, 1964, and 1968...

 of Houston
Houston, Texas
Houston is the fourth-largest city in the United States, and the largest city in the state of Texas. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of . Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of , which is the ...

, no relation to another Texas liberal with the same surname, U.S. Senator Ralph W. Yarborough of Austin
Austin, Texas
Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of :Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 14th most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in...

. In the general election
General election
In a parliamentary political system, a general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen. The term is usually used to refer to elections held for a nation's primary legislative body, as distinguished from by-elections and local elections.The term...

 of 1968, the heavily favored Smith received 1,662,019 ballots (57 percent) to Eggers' 1,254,333 votes (43 percent).

Eggers was considered somewhat moderate for a Texas Republican candidate. He seemed to vacillate on whether to seek the support of disenchanted liberal Democrats who opposed Smith's rather conservative positions or to maintain the active goodwill of the strong conservative base within the Texas GOP
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

. In the end, Eggers lost, and Vice President
Vice President of the United States
The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The Vice President, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people, through the Electoral College, to a four-year term...

 Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...

, with the support of retiring U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson , often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States...

 and John Connally, held Texas, his sole Southern state, in his national loss to Richard M. Nixon.

The election of 1970

In 1970, Eggers again ran for the Republican nomination to the Texas governorship, defeating Roger Martin 101,875 to 7,146 votes. In the general election, he ran against Smith, who won the Democratic nomination without opposition. President Nixon came to East Texas
East Texas
East Texas is a distinct geographic and ecological area in the U.S. state of Texas.According to the Handbook of Texas, the East Texas area "may be separated from the rest of Texas roughly by a line extending from the Red River in north central Lamar County southwestward to east central Limestone...

 in an attempt to convince conservative Democrats to support the Republican ticket. In Longview
Longview, Texas
Longview is a city in Gregg and Harrison Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 80,455. Most of the city is located in Gregg County, of which it is the county seat; only a small part extends into the western part of neighboring Harrison County. It is...

, the seat of Gregg County
Gregg County, Texas
There were 42,687 households out of which 33.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.00% were married couples living together, 13.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.50% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.50% had...

, he formally endorsed both Eggers and U.S. Senate nominee George H.W. Bush, with his greater comments reserved for Bush, then a U.S. Representative from Houston.

Nixon declared his endorsement of Eggers: "I happen to know him personally and like him... I appointed him as the General Counsel for the Treasury Department. He rendered distinguished service. And there he learned what it means to handle the great problems involving the finance of the United States of America. He is a man who, in state government, will know how important it is to keep down that spending so that you can keep down your taxes. That is the kind of a man you want in the governor's office in Austin. He is a man who understands the other problems of government, one who will take a firm stand for the enforcement of the law in a fair way; one who will be firm for equality of opportunity for all people, and, above everything else, who will be for progress for this state."

Nixon also addressed the use of school busing as a tool to promote desegregation
Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in...

 of public schools. Nixon said: "If you are going to have quality education for a child, and particularly for a young child, you will have it best by having that child go to school closest to home in his own neighborhood and not some place else. That is why George Bush, John Tower, I, and Paul Eggers all stand firmly for the neighborhood school and against busing, which the law does not require solely for the purpose of racial balance. Because that is quality-education."

In a low-turnout general election in 1970, Smith received 1,197,726 votes (53.6 percent) to Eggers' 1,037,723 (46.4 percent).

In 1970, Eggers registered one of the stronger Republican gubernatorial showings. Eight years earlier, in the 1962 Republican race against then Democrat John Connally, the Houston oilman Jack Cox
Jack Cox (Texas)
Jack M. Cox was an oil equipment executive from Houston and the 1962 Republican gubernatorial nominee in the state of Texas.-Early years:...

, another former Democrat, ran nearly as well as Eggers in 1970. Eggers ultimately finished with about the same 46 percent margin as his ticket-mate, George H.W. Bush, who lost to Democratic former U.S. Representative Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr., also of Houston. Eggers trailed Bush by 34,000 votes. In 1964, Bush had also fallen short in the U.S. Senate race against Democrat Ralph W. Yarborough. In the 1970 campaign, Bush defended his support in Congress for the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Civil Rights Act of 1968
On April 11, 1968 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is commonly known as the Fair Housing Act, or as CRA '68, and was meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964...

, which forbade discrimination in the sale and rental of most housing in the United States. Eggers recalls Bush's admonition to opponents of open housing in that campaign: "If you don't want to vote for me because of open housing, then don't vote for me."
John Tower in Consequences: A Personal and Political Memoir recalled that Lloyd Bentsen "moved to the right" and cut into Bush's natural base. Eggers, Tower said, "was nickeled and dimed to death in the cow counties by Preston Smith, who ran well in the traditionally Democratic rural areas."

In 1969, between his two gubernatorial races, as Nixon had mentioned in Longview, Eggers served briefly in the Treasury Department.

Later years

In August 1983, Tower flew to Austin on a private plane, with Eggers among his entourage on board, to announce that he would not seek a fifth term in 1984. When Tower left office early in 1985, Eggers joined him in the formation of a consulting firm. In 1997, six years after Tower's death, Eggers, then seventy-eight, and three others were charged with defrauding investors in a scheme involving "nonexistent bank obligations", according to Mary Jo White
Mary Jo White
Mary Jo White was the first woman to be U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, serving from 1993 to 2002.White was born in Kansas City, Missouri and grew up in McLean, Virginia. She received her B.S...

, then the United States Attorney
United States Attorney
United States Attorneys represent the United States federal government in United States district court and United States court of appeals. There are 93 U.S. Attorneys stationed throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands...

 for the Southern District of New York. The four were charged with conspiracy
Conspiracy (crime)
In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement...

 to commit wire fraud
Wire fraud
Mail and wire fraud is a federal crime in the United States. Together, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343, and 1346 reach any fraudulent scheme or artifice to intentionally deprive another of property or honest services with a nexus to mail or wire communication....

. The complaint filed in United States Magistrates Court in Manhattan
Manhattan
Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...

 cited a brochure entitled Secured High-Yield Investment Program, which claimed that a $500,000 investment would bring a return of $10,390,625 within 60 days.

The Federal Bureau of Prisons
Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons is a federal law enforcement agency subdivision of the United States Department of Justice and is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system. The system also handles prisoners who committed acts considered felonies under the District of Columbia's...

 shows no record of Eggers having been imprisoned as a result of the charges filed against him in 1997.

From 1987-1990, Eggers was named by Republican Governor Bill Clements
Bill Clements
William Perry "Bill" Clements, Jr. was the 42nd and 44th Governor of Texas, serving from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991. Clements was the first Republican to have served as governor of the U.S. state of Texas since Reconstruction...

 as chairman of the Governor's Task Force on Drug Abuse.

Though he did not seek office after 1970, Eggers supported various Republican candidates over the years, including the unsuccessful campaigns of Thomas Pauken
Thomas Pauken
Thomas Weir Pauken is a Dallas, Texas, lawyer and author who served as chairman of the Republican Party of Texas from 1994–1997 during the transition period when the party leaped from minority to majority status in the state. A staunch conservative, Pauken lost two tight races for U.S...

 for the U.S. House in Dallas and Howard Callaway
Howard Callaway
Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway is a businessman and former politician from the state of Georgia.-Early life and education:Callaway was born in LaGrange, Georgia, west of Atlanta. His grandfather was Fuller Earle Callaway. He attended Georgia Tech and graduated from the United States Military Academy...

 for the U.S. Senate in Colorado
Colorado
Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...

, both in 1980. Callaway had been President Gerald R. Ford's first campaign manager in 1975. Eggers donated to the pre-general election race of the Reagan-Bush ticket in 1984 and to U.S. Representative Phil Gramm
Phil Gramm
William Philip "Phil" Gramm is an American economist and politician, who has served as a Democratic Congressman , a Republican Congressman and a Republican Senator from Texas...

, Tower's successor in the U.S. Senate. In the summer of 1995, Eggers donated to the short-lived presidential bid of then Governor
Governor of California
The Governor of California is the chief executive of the California state government, whose responsibilities include making annual State of the State addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced...

 Pete Wilson
Pete Wilson
Peter Barton "Pete" Wilson is an American politician from California. Wilson, a Republican, served as the 36th Governor of California , the culmination of more than three decades in the public arena that included eight years as a United States Senator , eleven years as Mayor of San Diego and...

 of California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

. He also contributed to the Texas Republican Party in Austin.

Paul and Virginia Eggers reside in Dallas, where he is a member of the Brook Hollow Golf
Golf
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes....

 Club.

Election results

See also

  • Two Party Texas - The John Tower Era by John Knaggs. 1986.
  • The Texas Almanac 2006.
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