Pedro (game)
Encyclopedia
Pedro is an American trick-taking card game
of the All Fours family based on Auction Pitch
. Its most popular variant is known as Cinch, Double Pedro or High Five. Developed in Denver, Colorado in the 1880s, it was soon regarded as the most important member of the All Fours family. Although it went out of fashion with the rise of Auction Bridge
, it is still widely played at the western coast of the United States and in its southern states, being the dominant game in some locations in Louisiana. Forms of the game have been reported from Nicaragua, the Azores, Italy and Finland. The game is primarily played by 4 players in fixed partnerships, but can also be played by 2–6 individual players.
Pedro uses a regular pack of 52 cards, but some variants add a Joker. The game is considerably simplified when compared to Pitch, in that all points are awarded to the winners of the tricks containing certain specific cards. This includes the Game point, which goes to the winner of the trump Ten. The winner of the Pedro (Five of trumps) receives 5 points. In Cinch or Double Pedro the same holds for the Left Pedro (Off-Five), which counts as a trump. The practice of making sure to win a trick that contains a high-scoring card is referred to as cinching.
The game is played with a standard pack of 52 cards. The cards are ranked in the usual order, from Aces, Kings, Queens etc. down to Twos. As a special case, the Off-Pedro, i.e. the non-trump Five which is of the same color as trumps, is for all purposes considered to be a member of the trump suit ranking between the Pedro (Five of trumps) and the Four of trumps.
Like Pitch, Cinch is a point-trick game, i.e. for winning the trick play one needs to maximize the total value of the cards won in tricks, rather than the number of tricks won. But in Cinch (and in Pedro in general) the original card-points were abolished in favor of directly assigning game points to the cards. As a result of this process, only six of the fourteen trumps carry card-values, while the plain suit cards do not score at all.
The first dealer is decided by cutting. The dealer shuffles the pack, and the player to the dealer's right cuts. Nine cards are dealt to each player in batches of three.
Beginning with the eldest hand, each player gets one chance to bid for the privilege of declaring the trump suit. A bid is the number of points that the bidder's party undertakes to win in the deal, the minimum bid being 1 or in some variations, 6. Each player must make a higher bid than any previous player, or pass. The highest possible bid is 14.
When the highest bidder has announced the trump suit, starting with eldest hand each player in turn discards at least three cards face up. The dealer fills each player's hand up to six cards. In the four-player partnership version the dealer's own hand is filled up by robbing the pack: The dealer chooses the cards freely from the remaining stock, and if any trumps remain in the stock discards them openly.
Any scoring trumps discarded by the opponents are counted for the highest bidder's party.
The highest bidder leads to the first trick and need not lead a trump. The standard rules for card play in trick-taking games hold, with one exception: It is always allowed to trump instead of following suit. ("Follow suit or trump.") As usual, the highest card of the suit led wins each trick, unless a trump is played, in which case the highest trump played wins. The winner of a trick leads to the next trick.
Both parties count the card-points in their tricks. If the bidding party keeps the contract, i.e. wins the required number of card-points, the party that won more card-points scores the difference. Otherwise the opponents score their own result plus the value of the bid.
This variant of the four-player game combines King Pedro (very high card-value of 25 for the trump King) and Pedro Sancho (card-value of 9 for the trump Nine), and also gives a card-value of 15 to a low trump, resulting in an overall score of 63 points in the pack. The game can be played with a Joker, in which case it is the lowest trump and scores 15. Otherwise the Three of trumps scores 15.
After the bidding, which can go over several rounds, each player is dealt 4 more cards. (Thus all cards are dealt or exactly one card remains, depending on whether the Joker is in use.) Players discard down to six cards as usual. The game is played for 152 points.
In Eighty-Three, a variant reported from Maine, the Queen of trumps also has a card-value of 20. Players are dealt 12 cards each, leaving a kitty of 4–5 cards (depending on whether there is a Joker). Minimum bid is 30, and the highest bidder receives the kitty. Players discard down to six cards, subject to the usual restrictions (no trumps, no scoring trumps). The first card led need not be a trump.
A variant called Dom Pedro or Snoozer counted the three of trumps as three points and used the joker, called the snoozer, which ranked as the lowest trump and counted fifteen points.
The modern games described above are based on a variant called Cinch, Double Pedro, or High Five, which arose in Denver, Colorado
around 1885. Cinch was usually played in partnerships and included the second pedro (called "left pedro") and the second deal (the dealer's part of which was called "robbing the pack"). The joker was not used and the nine and three did not count. The name came from the necessity for the third player to each trick to "cinch" it, that is, play a trump higher than the five (unless one had already been played to the trick) so the fourth player could not make a pedro.
Around 1900, Cinch, Whist
, and Euchre
were the most popular card games for serious players, though auction bridge
(introduced in 1904) replaced them. As of 1956, Cinch was still considered "one of the top-ranking games of skill". It had bidding conventions for the first bidder to give information to his or her partner, such as: with a pedro, bid 5; with an ace and three or four cards in the same suit, bid 6; with an ace-king, bid 7 (Morehead, Frey, and Mott-Smith 1956).
The players are each dealt 9 cards, after which bidding begins to the right of the dealer with the lowest possible bid being 6. If a player does not wish to bid, they "pass" the bid onto the next player. Once the bidding comes back around to the dealer, the highest bid gets to call the suit. If a team does not make their bid their point total is negatively effected by the bid amount. Once the suit has been called, players discard all non-suited cards (except the other five, or pedro, of the same color), then they are dealt the amount needed to reach 6. Once the deal comes back around to the dealer, the dealer then sorts through the remaining deck and picks out the cards he needs to bring their hand up to 6. If there are more than 6 suited cards remaining in the deck, the dealer can take all of them. In order to win the game a team must have 52 or more points as well as claim and make the bid. Also unique to California Pedro is that when a player bids 16 and makes the bid that total is doubled to equal 32 as a bonus, because it is so rare. One unofficial rule of California Pedro is no "table talk". In other words, no player is allowed to make subtle hints of his/her hand to their respective teammate in relation to their bid or potential play. There is no official penalty for "table talk" and it is loosely enforced at best.
California Pedro can be enjoyed with wine, excessive arguing, and stubborn yet very strategic play. This variation is extremely popular in a certain part of Jackson, CA.
After the discard, the winning bidder places his lead card in the center of the table, and asks for another card not in his hand. The player who holds this card throws it into the center of the table, and these two are partners until the next deal, as are the remaining three players partners. Play then continues as in traditional Pedro, with the caller and partner needing to win enough points to equal their bet. Failure to do so results in a loss of points equal to the bet, regardless of any points earned during the hand.
Play continues until one player reaches 104 points.
and surrounding areas on Cape Breton Island
, (Province of Nova Scotia
, Canada
) the game is called Pede and is played in both French and English.
The point system is as follows:
Total of 39 points.
The Isle Madame version is generally played with the following variations:
Trick-taking game
A trick-taking game is a card game or tile-based game in which play centers on a series of finite rounds or units of play, called tricks. The object of such games then may be closely tied to the number of tricks taken, as in plain-trick games such as Whist, Contract Bridge, Napoleon, Rowboat, and...
of the All Fours family based on Auction Pitch
Pitch (card game)
Pitch is an American trick-taking card game derived from the English game of All Fours . Historically, Pitch started as "Blind All Fours", a very simple All Fours variant that is still played in England as a pub game...
. Its most popular variant is known as Cinch, Double Pedro or High Five. Developed in Denver, Colorado in the 1880s, it was soon regarded as the most important member of the All Fours family. Although it went out of fashion with the rise of Auction Bridge
Auction bridge
The card game auction bridge, the third step in the evolution of the general game of bridge, was developed from straight bridge in 1904. The precursor to contract bridge, its predecessors were whist and bridge whist....
, it is still widely played at the western coast of the United States and in its southern states, being the dominant game in some locations in Louisiana. Forms of the game have been reported from Nicaragua, the Azores, Italy and Finland. The game is primarily played by 4 players in fixed partnerships, but can also be played by 2–6 individual players.
Pedro uses a regular pack of 52 cards, but some variants add a Joker. The game is considerably simplified when compared to Pitch, in that all points are awarded to the winners of the tricks containing certain specific cards. This includes the Game point, which goes to the winner of the trump Ten. The winner of the Pedro (Five of trumps) receives 5 points. In Cinch or Double Pedro the same holds for the Left Pedro (Off-Five), which counts as a trump. The practice of making sure to win a trick that contains a high-scoring card is referred to as cinching.
Cinch (Double Pedro, High Five)
The following rules are based on Foster's Complete Hoyle of 1897 and are very similar to the modern Bicycle rules.| Rank | A | K | Q | J | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | Off-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 5 | 5 | — | 1 | |||||
The game is played with a standard pack of 52 cards. The cards are ranked in the usual order, from Aces, Kings, Queens etc. down to Twos. As a special case, the Off-Pedro, i.e. the non-trump Five which is of the same color as trumps, is for all purposes considered to be a member of the trump suit ranking between the Pedro (Five of trumps) and the Four of trumps.
Like Pitch, Cinch is a point-trick game, i.e. for winning the trick play one needs to maximize the total value of the cards won in tricks, rather than the number of tricks won. But in Cinch (and in Pedro in general) the original card-points were abolished in favor of directly assigning game points to the cards. As a result of this process, only six of the fourteen trumps carry card-values, while the plain suit cards do not score at all.
The first dealer is decided by cutting. The dealer shuffles the pack, and the player to the dealer's right cuts. Nine cards are dealt to each player in batches of three.
Beginning with the eldest hand, each player gets one chance to bid for the privilege of declaring the trump suit. A bid is the number of points that the bidder's party undertakes to win in the deal, the minimum bid being 1 or in some variations, 6. Each player must make a higher bid than any previous player, or pass. The highest possible bid is 14.
When the highest bidder has announced the trump suit, starting with eldest hand each player in turn discards at least three cards face up. The dealer fills each player's hand up to six cards. In the four-player partnership version the dealer's own hand is filled up by robbing the pack: The dealer chooses the cards freely from the remaining stock, and if any trumps remain in the stock discards them openly.
Any scoring trumps discarded by the opponents are counted for the highest bidder's party.
The highest bidder leads to the first trick and need not lead a trump. The standard rules for card play in trick-taking games hold, with one exception: It is always allowed to trump instead of following suit. ("Follow suit or trump.") As usual, the highest card of the suit led wins each trick, unless a trump is played, in which case the highest trump played wins. The winner of a trick leads to the next trick.
Both parties count the card-points in their tricks. If the bidding party keeps the contract, i.e. wins the required number of card-points, the party that won more card-points scores the difference. Otherwise the opponents score their own result plus the value of the bid.
Sixty-Three
| Rank | A | K | Q | J | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | Off-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | Joker |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | 25 | — | 1 | 1 | 9 | — | 5 | 5 | — | 15 | 1 | N/A | ||
| — | 15 | ||||||||||||||
This variant of the four-player game combines King Pedro (very high card-value of 25 for the trump King) and Pedro Sancho (card-value of 9 for the trump Nine), and also gives a card-value of 15 to a low trump, resulting in an overall score of 63 points in the pack. The game can be played with a Joker, in which case it is the lowest trump and scores 15. Otherwise the Three of trumps scores 15.
After the bidding, which can go over several rounds, each player is dealt 4 more cards. (Thus all cards are dealt or exactly one card remains, depending on whether the Joker is in use.) Players discard down to six cards as usual. The game is played for 152 points.
In Eighty-Three, a variant reported from Maine, the Queen of trumps also has a card-value of 20. Players are dealt 12 cards each, leaving a kitty of 4–5 cards (depending on whether there is a Joker). Minimum bid is 30, and the highest bidder receives the kitty. Players discard down to six cards, subject to the usual restrictions (no trumps, no scoring trumps). The first card led need not be a trump.
History
The original game of Pedro, which developed in the Nineteenth Century from Auction Pitch, did not have partnerships (so from four to seven could play). It also did not use the "off-suit" pedro or have a second deal. There was only one round of bidding. In keeping with the game's descent from All Fours, the ace of trumps was called "high", the two was called "low", and the ten was called "game". The nine of trumps, called "sancho", was worth nine points.A variant called Dom Pedro or Snoozer counted the three of trumps as three points and used the joker, called the snoozer, which ranked as the lowest trump and counted fifteen points.
The modern games described above are based on a variant called Cinch, Double Pedro, or High Five, which arose in Denver, Colorado
Denver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...
around 1885. Cinch was usually played in partnerships and included the second pedro (called "left pedro") and the second deal (the dealer's part of which was called "robbing the pack"). The joker was not used and the nine and three did not count. The name came from the necessity for the third player to each trick to "cinch" it, that is, play a trump higher than the five (unless one had already been played to the trick) so the fourth player could not make a pedro.
Around 1900, Cinch, Whist
Whist
Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. It derives from the 16th century game of Trump or Ruff, via Ruff and Honours...
, and Euchre
Euchre
Euchre or eucre, is a trick-taking card game most commonly played with four people in two partnerships with a deck of 24 standard playing cards. It is the game responsible for introducing the joker into modern packs; this was invented around 1860 to act as a top trump or best bower...
were the most popular card games for serious players, though auction bridge
Auction bridge
The card game auction bridge, the third step in the evolution of the general game of bridge, was developed from straight bridge in 1904. The precursor to contract bridge, its predecessors were whist and bridge whist....
(introduced in 1904) replaced them. As of 1956, Cinch was still considered "one of the top-ranking games of skill". It had bidding conventions for the first bidder to give information to his or her partner, such as: with a pedro, bid 5; with an ace and three or four cards in the same suit, bid 6; with an ace-king, bid 7 (Morehead, Frey, and Mott-Smith 1956).
California Pedro
| Rank | A | K | Q | J | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | Off-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | — | 3 | 1 | — | 5 | 5 | — | 1 | |||||
The players are each dealt 9 cards, after which bidding begins to the right of the dealer with the lowest possible bid being 6. If a player does not wish to bid, they "pass" the bid onto the next player. Once the bidding comes back around to the dealer, the highest bid gets to call the suit. If a team does not make their bid their point total is negatively effected by the bid amount. Once the suit has been called, players discard all non-suited cards (except the other five, or pedro, of the same color), then they are dealt the amount needed to reach 6. Once the deal comes back around to the dealer, the dealer then sorts through the remaining deck and picks out the cards he needs to bring their hand up to 6. If there are more than 6 suited cards remaining in the deck, the dealer can take all of them. In order to win the game a team must have 52 or more points as well as claim and make the bid. Also unique to California Pedro is that when a player bids 16 and makes the bid that total is doubled to equal 32 as a bonus, because it is so rare. One unofficial rule of California Pedro is no "table talk". In other words, no player is allowed to make subtle hints of his/her hand to their respective teammate in relation to their bid or potential play. There is no official penalty for "table talk" and it is loosely enforced at best.
California Pedro can be enjoyed with wine, excessive arguing, and stubborn yet very strategic play. This variation is extremely popular in a certain part of Jackson, CA.
Five-Handed Pedro
Five-Handed Pedro is a variation whereby five people can play the game at once, with no dedicated partners. The game begins with the dealer dealing all but two cards in a clockwise fashion to each of the five players, for a total of ten cards each. The remaining two cards are set aside until later. Bidding commences from the dealer's left, with bids ranging from 6-14 points. The player who wins the bid is immediately given the two remaining deck cards, and must then call a trump suit. Players then discard, retaining all trump cards and any number of distrump cards necessary to arrive at a total of six cards in their hand. In the event a player has more than six trump, he or she retains all of his trump, playing the lowest non-point cards (3,4,6,etc) concurrently with each hand until the extras are gone.After the discard, the winning bidder places his lead card in the center of the table, and asks for another card not in his hand. The player who holds this card throws it into the center of the table, and these two are partners until the next deal, as are the remaining three players partners. Play then continues as in traditional Pedro, with the caller and partner needing to win enough points to equal their bet. Failure to do so results in a loss of points equal to the bet, regardless of any points earned during the hand.
Play continues until one player reaches 104 points.
One Canadian Variation
| Rank | A | K | Q | J | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | Off-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | 25 | — | 1 | 1 | 9 | — | 5 | 5 | — | 1 | |||
Isle Madame Variation
In Isle MadameIsle Madame
Isle Madame is a Canadian island located at off the southeastern corner of Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia.The island was settled by France as part of its colony of Île-Royale . It is presumed to have been named for Madame de Maintenon, the second wife of France's King Louis XIV. After the fall...
and surrounding areas on Cape Breton Island
Cape Breton Island
Cape Breton Island is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. It likely corresponds to the word Breton, the French demonym for Brittany....
, (Province of Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
) the game is called Pede and is played in both French and English.
The point system is as follows:
| Rank | A | K | Q | J | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | Off-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | 25 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 5 | 5 | — | 1 | ||||
Total of 39 points.
The Isle Madame version is generally played with the following variations:
- The Joker is not used.
- Bidding is from 25 to 39.
- Sometimes players will bid without a King to lure the other team into bidding higher. This can be costly since the King is required to make any bid.
- The dealer has an advantage since he does not discard. After all other players have received their second fill, the dealer mixes the remaining cards into his own nine cards and then sorts through all the cards. Thus, no one knows how many trump the dealer had in his original nine cards.
- No one can ever have more than six cards. If someone has more than six trump, they must discard non-scoring cards. Should they have all seven point scoring cards, they must discard a card worth 1 point, usually the Ten.
- Winner of the bid must lead trump on the first trick (book). If they have no trump, they can play anything (rare).
- When a nontrump ('offsuit') card is led, players must follow suit, unless they wish to play a trump. If they cannot follow suit, they may play anything. The rank of nontrump is exactly the same as trump, with the Pede as the only exception. Although the trick is worth nothing, it decides who leads the next card. Thus, the nontrump cards that the dealer decides to keep might influence the outcome of the play. Note that trump cards always take any nontrump cards.
- When players run out of trump they may fold their hand by throwing it face down on the table. They are out of play for all remaining tricks of this round.
- If the winners of the bid lose the King, this is referred to as the 'death' of the King since the score of the team that won the bid goes down significantly and the score of the other team goes up significantly.
- Winner of the game is the first team to reach 221. Once a team reaches any score over 199, their score is locked in place. The only way that their score will change (including winning the game) is if they take the bid OR make the other team's bid. If they make the other team's bid this is an automatic win at any score above 199.
Tennessee Variation
In central Tennessee, the game is played as described above with a few variations in point cards, trump cards, and scoring.- Rules for first deal, bidding, second deal, and play are as described above.
- More trump cards are defined, and a 54 card deck (standard with two jokers) is used. Both jokers, and the off-suit Jack (same color as trumps) are defined to be trumps along with the suit called by the winning bidder. One joker is deemed the "Main Joker" and the other is deemed the "Off Joker" - usually the joker with the small print describing the playing card manufacturer copyright and information is the "Off Joker".
Card values (trumps only)Rank A K Q J Off-J Joker Off-Joker 10 9 8 7 6 5 Off-5 4 3 2 Value 1 — 1 1 1 1 1 — 5 5 — 1 - The "keeper" rule does not apply to the 2.
- Minimum bid is 9, or in some variations 10. If none of the three players bid, the dealer gets the bid for 9 or 10 - called a "push up". Maximum bid is 17. The minimum bid is at least 9, because it is more than half of 17.
- The game is played to 52 points, thus forcing 4 hands (only 51 points can be scored in 3 hands).
- In the event of a tie, with both teams having 52 points or more, the bidding team wins.
- "Shooting the Moon" is sometimes allowed. To win the game, the team must capture all 17 points. The team shooting the moon does not necessarily have to catch every trick.
- If a team has a negative score, ("in the hole") then the first bidding player is required to "shoot the moon" and the second bidding player is required to "double shoot the moon". This situation forces the calling of trumps to the second player in the bidding rotation, on the team desiring to shoot the moon.
- "Shooting the moon" is not necessarily allowed, depending on the rules established between players at the beginning of the game.
- There is no rank among non-trump cards. Example: spades are trumps, a 2 of hearts is led, no other player plays a trump card—the player playing the 2 of hearts catches the trick and plays first again, even if the ace of hearts is played by someone else on top of it. Any trump card catches any non-trump card.
- The cards that are left after the second deal are referred to as the "widow". If the bidder has 6 or more trumps after having sorted through the widow, he may slide trump or non-trump cards to his partner. If receiving trumps causes the receiving partner to have more than 6 trumps, he then gives a trump card (usually of no value) to the opposing player to his right.
- Players on the non-bidding-team may elect to give up and "throw in" or "throw down" to save time, thus awarding the team that won the bid all 17 points. Sliding non-trump cards can sometimes bluff the non-bidding team into giving up, when perhaps a point or two could have been captured.
- In the (unlikely) event that a player on the non-bidding-team has more than 6 trumps, then he may slide to his partner as above.
- A "misdeal" may be called if a player has no point cards during the first 9-card deal. A slight variation on this rule adds no point cards or face cards.
- When a player runs out of trumps, he must state that they are "down" and discard the remaining part of his hand after the lead player plays on the next trick; even if non-trumps are led.
- With a 54 card deck in use, there are 18 cards remaining for the second deal. The total number of cards held by the 3 players not winning the bid, will be the number of cards that the bidder gets in the widow. If all 3 players call for 6 cards each - none has any trumps - then the bidder gets no widow.
Louisiana Variation
Card values (trumps only)Rank A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 Off-5 4 3 2 Value 1 — 1 1 — 5 5 — 1
Played primarily in South Louisiana, this variation uses a 52 card deck (no jokers). Whoever plays the 2 keeps that point for their team; no player may 'win' the 2. The most points a team can make in one hand is 14. A player may wish to bid 14-28 (often called 14 in the dark), but he must bid this before the cards are dealt. If the team makes all 14 points, they are rewarded with 28 points. The minimum bid is 7, and if no one bids, the dealer is allowed to bid 6 (commonly called the force bid), although in Southeastern Louisiana the force bid is often 7.
Also, in this variation "cut-throat" may be played. "Cut Throat" Pedro, rules state that any card may be played when an off trump card leads the hand. You are only required to follow with the trump off card in the "follow suit" version. Also, if one player bids 14-28 then another player may bid 28-56. You can only bid 28-56 if another player first bids 14-28. You must have both the ace and deuce to bid either 14-28 or 28-56.
Railroad Pedro
This variation follows the same general rules as regular Pedro only with five players and six cards per player dealt on the first deal. After the bidding process and the second deal, the winning bidder must lead and call trump card that he or she does not have. The player holding that card must play it on the first trick. That player becomes partners with the bidder and the remaining three players are partners against the bidder and his or her partner. At the conclusion of the hand, each player is given the total amount of points that their team won. The winning bidder may also choose to "go alone" on any bid after the second deal. In this case no card is called for and the other four players become partners against the bidder. If the "alone" bid is successful the point totals for the hand are doubled for both sides. If the "alone" bid is not successful the bidder loses double the points that were bid while the opposition gains double their point total for the hand. The first player to reach 62 wins. In the event that both the bidder and his or her partner reach 62 on the same hand the bidder wins. If two members of the team opposing the bidder on the final hand pass 62 the player with the highest score wins. If they are tied the game will continue until the tie is broken.
Italian Variation
Card values (trumps only)Rank A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 Off-5 4 3 2 Value 1 — 3 1 — 5 5 — 1
16 points total for the hand, play until 91 points is reached. The winner must bid on the winning hand and will win upon reaching 91 points or higher on a bid, regardless of who has more points.
Monterey County, CA Variation(s)
On the Central Coast of California, specifically in Monterey County, two versions of Pedro are played, "Draw Pedro" (often played in the southern region) and "The Widow" (often played in the northern region). The scoring for both versions are the same, using the "Italian" variation's scoring matrix. The game play for both versions is the same and differs slightly from the aforementioned variations. Both versions have 4 players, 2 sets of partners sitting opposite one another, who are dealt 52 cards total. The way the cards are dealt and the bidding differ slightly.
In the "Draw" version, the players are each dealt 9 cards (three at a time), after which, bidding begins to the right of the dealer, with the lowest possible bid being 6. If a player does not wish to bid, they "pass" the bid onto the next player. Once the bidding comes back around to the dealer, the highest bid gets to call the suit. Once the suit has been called, players discard all non-suited cards (except the other pedro of the same color), then they are dealt the amount needed to reach 6. Once the deal comes back around to the dealer, the dealer then sorts through the remaining deck and picks out the cards he needs to bring their hand up to 6. If there are more than 6 suited cards remaining in the deck, the dealer must take all of them into their hand.
In "The Widow" version, the players are each dealt 9 cards, with the remaining 16 cards in the deck dealt face down in front of each player, so that each player now has an additional 4 cards. These cards cannot be viewed until after bidding takes place. As in "Draw", the bid starts to the dealer's right. After each player bids or passes, they can pick up their remaining 4 cards. Once the bid has gone around the table and after the dealer has picked up his cards, the winning bidder can then choose their suit. The players then discard non-suited cards (except the other pedro of the same color), holding onto all suited cards, even in excess of 6 in a hand.
The following rules of game play apply to both versions:
After the cards are dealt, the game begins with the winning bidder leading the first hand. If any player has more than 6 trump cards, he must lay down enough trumps to bring their remaining hand down to 5. Also, the cards "discarded" must not be point cards and the card placed on top will be the official card played for that hand. Play continues normally, with the exception that whomever wins a hand can start the next hand "off-suit"; at which time, players may play any card in their hand, regardless of the suit. After leading off-suit, if no one else plays a higher card of the suit led or a trump, the player who led maintains the lead. In the case of trump cards played in an off-suit hand, the highest trump always takes the next lead. A player is out of the round when they are unable to follow a trump led with a trump of their own. As in the "Italian" variation, whichever team reaches 91 first wins.
Both versions are incredibly popular throughout the county and are often played in "Card Parties", in which several tables play at once, each one numbered. After each round, the deal is passed to the next person at the table, until the deal goes around the table once. After the round of 4 deals, the individual players will switch partners throughout the party by moving up or down a table, depending on whether they win or lose. At the end of the party, the players with the winning scores amassed throughout the night can choose prizes.
External links
- Double King Pede - A variation of the game played in Vermont.
- Pidro card game - A variation of the game played in Finland.