Pelagio Galvani
Encyclopedia
Pelagio Galvani was a Leonese Cardinal
, and canon lawyer. He became a papal legate
and leader of the Fifth Crusade
.
His early life is little known. It is repeatedly claimed that he entered the Order of Benedictines but this is not proven. Pope Innocent III
created him Cardinal-Deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio around 1206. Later, he was promoted to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of S. Cecilia (probably on April 2, 1211), and finally opted for the suburbicarian see of Albano in the spring of 1213. He subscribed the papal bulls between May 4, 1207 and January 26, 1230. He was sent on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople
in 1213. During this two year mission he attempted to close Orthodox churches and imprison the clergy, but this caused such domestic upset that Henry of Flanders
, the Latin Emperor, reversed his actions which had caused the "tempest which held the city of Constantine
in its grip", as noted a contemporary historian. Three years later he was elected Latin Patriarch of Antioch
but his election was not ratified by the Holy See. Dispatched by Pope Honorius III
to lead the Fifth Crusade
at Damietta
in Egypt, he made a poor strategic decision in turning down peace offers made by Al-Kamil
. He became dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals at the election to the papacy
of Cardinal Ugolino Conti (Pope Gregory IX
) on March 19, 1227. He was one of the leader of the papal army in 1229/30 during the struggle with the Emperor Frederick II. He died at Montecassino and was buried there.
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
, and canon lawyer. He became a papal legate
Papal legate
A papal legate – from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic Faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters....
and leader of the Fifth Crusade
Fifth Crusade
The Fifth Crusade was an attempt to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt....
.
His early life is little known. It is repeatedly claimed that he entered the Order of Benedictines but this is not proven. Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....
created him Cardinal-Deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio around 1206. Later, he was promoted to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of S. Cecilia (probably on April 2, 1211), and finally opted for the suburbicarian see of Albano in the spring of 1213. He subscribed the papal bulls between May 4, 1207 and January 26, 1230. He was sent on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
in 1213. During this two year mission he attempted to close Orthodox churches and imprison the clergy, but this caused such domestic upset that Henry of Flanders
Henry of Flanders
Henry was the second emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He was a younger son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut , and Margaret I of Flanders, sister of Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders....
, the Latin Emperor, reversed his actions which had caused the "tempest which held the city of Constantine
Constantine
Constantine most commonly refers to one of the following:*Constantine , a given name and surname*Constantine I, Roman Emperor from 306 to 337, commonly known as Constantine the GreatIt may also refer to:- People :Roman/Byzantine Emperors...
in its grip", as noted a contemporary historian. Three years later he was elected Latin Patriarch of Antioch
Latin Patriarch of Antioch
The Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office created in 1098 by Bohemund, founder of the Principality of Antioch, one of the crusader states....
but his election was not ratified by the Holy See. Dispatched by Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III , previously known as Cencio Savelli, was Pope from 1216 to 1227.-Early work:He was born in Rome as son of Aimerico...
to lead the Fifth Crusade
Fifth Crusade
The Fifth Crusade was an attempt to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt....
at Damietta
Damietta
Damietta , also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, about north of Cairo.-History:...
in Egypt, he made a poor strategic decision in turning down peace offers made by Al-Kamil
Al-Kamil
Al-Kamil was a Kurdish Ayyubid sultan who ruled North Africa. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defeated two crusades. In a temporary agreement with the Crusaders, he ceded Jerusalem to the Christians.-Biography:He was the son of sultan al-Adil, a brother of Saladin...
. He became dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals at the election to the papacy
Papal election, 1227
Papal election of March 19, 1227 – papal election convoked after the death of Pope Honorius III at Rome .The cardinals present at Rome assembled in Septizodium on the next day after the death of Honorius III and decided to elect the new Pope by compromissum, it means not by the whole Sacred College...
of Cardinal Ugolino Conti (Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was...
) on March 19, 1227. He was one of the leader of the papal army in 1229/30 during the struggle with the Emperor Frederick II. He died at Montecassino and was buried there.