Perintalmanna
Encyclopedia
Perinthalmanna is a city and municipality
in Malappuram district of Kerala
. Perinthalmanna's name is derived from Perumthallu (Malayalam: പെരുന്തല്ല്, the native name for fight). It was the capital city
of Valluvanad, a princely state ruled by the Valluvakonathiris, a suspected branch of the Pallava dynasty of the ancient Tamil kingdoms. The members of the royal families are divided among them and living in four Kovilakam
s, viz. Aripra
, Ayiranazi, Kadannamanna and Mankada
.
Perinthalmanna is the location where the East India Company
established their first high school, first court, first Taluk office, and more after the Malabar treaty. Perinthalmanna has four hospitals, including a Medical College, attracting patients from other parts of Kerala and from outside of India. Due to the abundance of medical centers in town, it is now called the Hospital City of Kerala. For several centuries, Perinthalmanna was known as a center of trading
and commercial
activities. The town became a municipality
on 10 February 1990.
, Perinthalmanna derives its name from the Malayalam words perum (Malayalam: പെരും, meaning "big") + thallu (തല്ല്, meaning "fight") + mannu (മണ്ണ്, meaning "land") = Land of big, rigorous fights. The original word "Perumthallumannu" was replaced by "Perinthalmanna" over time. The traditions associated with this ancient town state that in the olden days, sporting events, including martial activities, were organized under the leadership of Kakooth Nair's, the commander-in-chief
of the Valluvakkonathiris. These sporting events were organized before Angadipuram
Thirumandhamkunnu Temple (See below) festival
, which was celebrated after the harvesting of crops
in the month
of Makara, which corresponds to the months of January/February of the Gregorian calendar
. Another main event of the festival was the Aattakalam or the stage for Kathakali
performance. People from a cross section of the society participated in these festivities, and everyone wanted to see the place were the Perinthallu or Perumthallu (that is, the rigorous fighting) took place (a place situated to the east of Angadipuram), which became known as Perinthallu, and got modified to its present form of Perinthalmanna under British
influence.
unrest. After these disturbances subsided, relative peace returned to an area approximately equivalent to the modern state of Kerala. Malabar came under the direct administrative control
of the British raj, and was made a part of the Madras Presidency
.
An investigation carried out by Sir Logan, the Collector and District Magistrate of Wygram found that the report given by Sir Steinch stating that the riots sprang from religious fanaticism was wrong. Sir Logan was appointed as a special officer to investigate the matter and the truth behind the complaint that the landlords did not give land to construct mosque
s. The report submitted by Sir Logan stated that the Muslims considered it to be a religious right to take arms against the landlords who maltreated the tenants and the government which supported such landlords.
The looting of the government treasury
by the rioters rocked Valluvanad. Rumors surrounding this looting instigated violence in Eranad and many other parts of Valluvanad, but the residents of Perinthalmanna had, to a certain extent, refrained themselves from indulging in violence. The main reason for this is the social and cultural amity that existed in Perinthalmanna.
.
passes through Angadipuram
, which is a town merely 3 km from Perinthalmanna. The NH 213
passes through the town centre, crossing the Perumbilavu-Nilambur State Highway
.
Train:
Angadipuram, which is roughly 3 km from Perinthalmanna is an important railway station on the Shoranur
-Nilambur
railway line. There are 6 pairs of trains running daily in the Shoranur-Nilambur section via Angadipuram.
Buses:
The town is on the NH 213
and well connected.
Plenty of private and K.S.R.T.C.
buses are available to Kozhikode, Palakkad, Thrissur, Guruvayur
, Nilambur, Malappuram, Valanchery and Manjeri. K.S.R.T.C. operates long route buses to Sultan Battery, Kalpetta
and south Kerala.
Interstate buses to Coimbatore
, Madurai
, Tenkasi
, Shencottai, Pondicherry, Gudalur
, Mysore, Hassan and Bangalore
are available.
Airport:
Calicut International Airport
, Karippur is the nearest Airport, located in the periphery of the district headquarters at Malappuram
.
, Perinthalmanna had a population of 44,613. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Perinthalmanna has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 79%. In Perinthalmanna, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
. The orthopedics wing in one of the hospitals is considered to be among the best in the country and joint replacements are done at similar rates.
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
in Malappuram district of Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
. Perinthalmanna's name is derived from Perumthallu (Malayalam: പെരുന്തല്ല്, the native name for fight). It was the capital city
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of Valluvanad, a princely state ruled by the Valluvakonathiris, a suspected branch of the Pallava dynasty of the ancient Tamil kingdoms. The members of the royal families are divided among them and living in four Kovilakam
Kovilakam
Kovilakam is a term that denotes to the principal manor/estate/palace of a princely lineages of Kerala, India. This is the residence, where all who have not succeeded to get Rajaship remain under the management of the eldest resident male or female member of that particular branch of the family...
s, viz. Aripra
Aripra
Aripra is a place in India located between the villages of Mankada and Tirurkkad, in Malappuram district, Kerala. National Highway 213 passing thru the centre of this village & the people of this village are leaving with harmony. Most of the breadwinners of this village are working in Gulf...
, Ayiranazi, Kadannamanna and Mankada
Mankada
Mankada is a hillside village in the Malappuram district of Kerala state. It is part of the Malappuram parliament constituency, now represented by E. Ahammed MP, the Minister of State for Indian Railways. In the previous UPA cabinet he was handling the Ministry of External Affairs portfolio...
.
Perinthalmanna is the location where the East India Company
East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
established their first high school, first court, first Taluk office, and more after the Malabar treaty. Perinthalmanna has four hospitals, including a Medical College, attracting patients from other parts of Kerala and from outside of India. Due to the abundance of medical centers in town, it is now called the Hospital City of Kerala. For several centuries, Perinthalmanna was known as a center of trading
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
and commercial
Commerce
While business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...
activities. The town became a municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
on 10 February 1990.
Origin of the name
EtymologicallyEtymology
Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
, Perinthalmanna derives its name from the Malayalam words perum (Malayalam: പെരും, meaning "big") + thallu (തല്ല്, meaning "fight") + mannu (മണ്ണ്, meaning "land") = Land of big, rigorous fights. The original word "Perumthallumannu" was replaced by "Perinthalmanna" over time. The traditions associated with this ancient town state that in the olden days, sporting events, including martial activities, were organized under the leadership of Kakooth Nair's, the commander-in-chief
Commander-in-Chief
A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
of the Valluvakkonathiris. These sporting events were organized before Angadipuram
Angadipuram
Angadipuram is a town, important pilgrimage center for Hindus, and a suburb of Perinthalmanna located 1.5 km from Perinthalmanna taluk headquarters, in Malappuram District of Kerala, southern India on the Chennai-Calicut road. Angadipuram was the capital of the powerful medieval kingdom of...
Thirumandhamkunnu Temple (See below) festival
Religious festival
A religious festival is a time of special importance marked by adherents to that religion. Religious festivals are commonly celebrated on recurring cycles in a calendar year or lunar calendar...
, which was celebrated after the harvesting of crops
Harvest
Harvest is the process of gathering mature crops from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper...
in the month
Month
A month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which was first used and invented in Mesopotamia, as a natural period related to the motion of the Moon; month and Moon are cognates. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months are synodic months and last approximately...
of Makara, which corresponds to the months of January/February of the Gregorian calendar
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...
. Another main event of the festival was the Aattakalam or the stage for Kathakali
Kathakali
Kathakali is a highly stylized classical Indian dance-drama noted for the attractive make-up of characters, elaborate costumes, detailed gestures and well-defined body movements presented in tune with the anchor playback music and complementary percussion...
performance. People from a cross section of the society participated in these festivities, and everyone wanted to see the place were the Perinthallu or Perumthallu (that is, the rigorous fighting) took place (a place situated to the east of Angadipuram), which became known as Perinthallu, and got modified to its present form of Perinthalmanna under British
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...
influence.
Historic Perinthalmanna
In the olden days, Valluvanad was an independent princely state. The ruler of Valluvanad was a witness during the offering of the title deed by King Veeraraghava. After the death of Cheraman Perumal, Kerala was divided among the rulers of Thiruvithamcoore, Kochi, Kolothunaadu, Kurumbanadu and Valluvanad states. The post of the ruler of Valluvanad was known as Valluvakkonathiri. The eldest member of Ayirazhi- Kadannamanna-aripra 'Kovilakam' became the Valluvakkonathiri. At first, the capital of Valluvanad was Kuruvaand and later Angadipuram became the capital. As it was the land ruled by the Valluvakkonathiri, it came to be known as Valluanad. Even at that time Perinthalmanna was considered to be the main center of Valluvanad. Both Perinthalmanna province and Angadipuram province were together known as Angadipuram. In the past, the Perinthalmanna High School was known as Angadipuram Elementary School.Background
From 1835 until late 19th century, violent disturbances surfaced from time to time in different parts of the Malabar region, particularly in Eranad and Valluvanad, and the adjoining areas, which included Perinthalmanna. These disturbances and uprisings were agrarianAgrarianism
Agrarianism has two common meanings. The first meaning refers to a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values...
unrest. After these disturbances subsided, relative peace returned to an area approximately equivalent to the modern state of Kerala. Malabar came under the direct administrative control
Administration (government)
The term administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to jurisdiction.-United States:In United States usage, the term refers to the executive branch under a specific president , for example: the "Barack Obama administration." It can also mean an executive branch agency...
of the British raj, and was made a part of the Madras Presidency
Madras Presidency
The Madras Presidency , officially the Presidency of Fort St. George and also known as Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision of British India...
.
Mappila Rebellion
In 1921, the Mappila rebellion, also known as the Mopla riots occurred. These incidents also affected Valluvanad. There were large scale religious violence and riots in different parts of Valluvanad, followed by large scale exodus of people from the affected areas.An investigation carried out by Sir Logan, the Collector and District Magistrate of Wygram found that the report given by Sir Steinch stating that the riots sprang from religious fanaticism was wrong. Sir Logan was appointed as a special officer to investigate the matter and the truth behind the complaint that the landlords did not give land to construct mosque
Mosque
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...
s. The report submitted by Sir Logan stated that the Muslims considered it to be a religious right to take arms against the landlords who maltreated the tenants and the government which supported such landlords.
The looting of the government treasury
Treasury
A treasury is either*A government department related to finance and taxation.*A place where currency or precious items is/are kept....
by the rioters rocked Valluvanad. Rumors surrounding this looting instigated violence in Eranad and many other parts of Valluvanad, but the residents of Perinthalmanna had, to a certain extent, refrained themselves from indulging in violence. The main reason for this is the social and cultural amity that existed in Perinthalmanna.
Local self governance
Perinthalmanna was at first under Malappuram Taluk board, and then under Valluvanad Taluk board. This place became a Panchayat in 1933, and the Panchayat office was situated in the building where the lower primary school functioned. The first Panchayat president was P. Achuthan Menon. According to the local bodies Act, the Panchayat president was selected by organizing a public meeting and raising of hands to show support for a member. All the executive powers were vested on the Panchayat president.Politics
Perinthalmanna assembly constituency is part of Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)
Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 20 Lok Sabha constituencies in the Kerala state in southern India.-Assembly segments:Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following assembly segments:# 33 - Kondotty# 37 - Manjeri...
.
Transportation
The Shoranur-Nilambur Railway LineShoranur-Nilambur Railway Line
Nilambur - Shoranur Railway line is a branch of the Southern Railway Zone in Kerala state and one of the shortest broad gauge railway lines in India. It is a single line with 66 km length running from Shoranur Junction to Nilambur Railway Station...
passes through Angadipuram
Angadipuram
Angadipuram is a town, important pilgrimage center for Hindus, and a suburb of Perinthalmanna located 1.5 km from Perinthalmanna taluk headquarters, in Malappuram District of Kerala, southern India on the Chennai-Calicut road. Angadipuram was the capital of the powerful medieval kingdom of...
, which is a town merely 3 km from Perinthalmanna. The NH 213
National Highway 213 (India)
National Highway 213 connects Palakkad, Malappuram and Calicut district head quarters in Kerala. It covers a distance of 125 km. At Ramanattukara, near Calicut, it joins NH 17. NH 47 also passes through Palakkad...
passes through the town centre, crossing the Perumbilavu-Nilambur State Highway
State Highway 39 (Kerala)
State Highway 39 is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts in Perumbilavu and ends in Nilambur. The highway is 107.112 km long.- The Route Map :Perumbilavu – Pattambi – Perinthalmanna - Pattikkadu–Karuvarakundu – Kalikavu – Nilambur Road...
.
Train:
Angadipuram, which is roughly 3 km from Perinthalmanna is an important railway station on the Shoranur
Shoranur
Shoranur is a town and a municipality in Palakkad district, Kerala,located on the banks of the Bharathapuzha River spread over an area of 32.28 km2.it is a major transport hub , having the largest railway station in the state .Kerala Kalamandalam which is the premier centre for the learning...
-Nilambur
Nilambur
Nilambur is a municipality and a taluk in the Malappuram district of Kerala, South India. It is famous for its forests, especially its wildlife habitats, rivers, waterfalls and teak plantations. It is situated close to the Nilgiris range of the Western Ghats on the banks of the Chaliyar River...
railway line. There are 6 pairs of trains running daily in the Shoranur-Nilambur section via Angadipuram.
Buses:
The town is on the NH 213
National Highway 213 (India)
National Highway 213 connects Palakkad, Malappuram and Calicut district head quarters in Kerala. It covers a distance of 125 km. At Ramanattukara, near Calicut, it joins NH 17. NH 47 also passes through Palakkad...
and well connected.
Plenty of private and K.S.R.T.C.
Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is the state-run bus company in Kerala, India. It is one of the oldest state run public bus transport services in India.-History:...
buses are available to Kozhikode, Palakkad, Thrissur, Guruvayur
Guruvayur
Guruvayur is a municipal town in Thrissur District, of Kerala State in India. It houses the famous Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple, the fourth biggest temple in India in terms of the number of devotees per day.-History:Guruvayur, according to the legends may be 5,000 years old as the Guruvayur...
, Nilambur, Malappuram, Valanchery and Manjeri. K.S.R.T.C. operates long route buses to Sultan Battery, Kalpetta
Kalpetta
Kalpetta is a city and a municipality in Wayanad district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a small town surrounded by dense coffee plantations and mountains, is the headquarters of Wayanad district...
and south Kerala.
Interstate buses to Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....
, Madurai
Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It served as the capital city of the Pandyan Kingdom. It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and...
, Tenkasi
Tenkasi
Tenkasi pronounced as is a town and a municipality in Tirunelveli district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in the foothills of the Western Ghats near the Courtallam Waterfalls.Tenkasi is also famous for saaral...
, Shencottai, Pondicherry, Gudalur
Gudalur
Gudalur may refer to:towns in Tamil Nadu* Gudalur * Gudalur * Gudalur...
, Mysore, Hassan and Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...
are available.
Airport:
Calicut International Airport
Calicut International Airport
Calicut International Airport , also known as Karipur Airport, is an International Airport serving the city of Kozhikode , Kerala, India. The airport is located in Karipur, Malappuram district about from the Kozhikode Railway Station and from the city of Malappuram, with the closest railway...
, Karippur is the nearest Airport, located in the periphery of the district headquarters at Malappuram
Malappuram
Malappuram is a municipality in the South Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 33.61 km2. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Malappuram district. As per the 2011 census Malappuram urban agglomeration is the fourth largest UA in kerala with a total population of...
.
Tourism
- Kulirmala: This hill which lies close to Perinthalmanna town in the highest point from where we can get a glimpse of the whole town and the neighboring places. It has a verdant landscape with water springs.This place is near to town
- Olingara: Situated near the PTM Government College, it is one of the highest regions blessed with water springs which have never dried up even in summer.
- Kodikuthimala: A scenic hilltop near Perinthalmanna town named after the flag hoisting during the survey conducted by the British. Its panoramic view attracts tourists from all over Kerala. From here, we can see several mountains and rivers surrounding Perinthalmanna town. The watch tower, suicide point and water falls are famous. Kerala Tourism Development CorporationKerala Tourism Development CorporationThe Kerala Tourism Development Corporation is a public sector undertaking that conducts and regulates the tourism activities of the Indian state of Kerala. The KTDC is headquartered at Thiruvanathapuram and has offices across all the districts of Kerala. The agency also operates hotels, resorts,...
(KTDC) is now developing it further as a tourist spot.
- Pathaikkara: A beautiful Valluvanadan village place near Perintalmanna.It is a famous village in Perintalmanna Municipality. There are so many temples and mosques situated.Pathaikkara Mana is one of the well known Namboothiri illam in Kerala.Pathaikara Sree Mahavishnu Temple near Kargil jn. is a very famous Vishnu temple in Valluvanad.and now developing the temple as another important attraction of Pathaikara.
Pilgrim centres
The kind of cosmopolitan existence that Perinthalmanna has, is best reflected in the presence of its several pilgrim centres. Pilgrim centres of all religions abound in this tiny region. Religion is the heartbeat of this town and the followers of all the major religions namely Hinduism, Islam and Christians, have lived here for centuries. Together came up temples, mosques, churches and spiritual centers. There is a very long list of temples, mosques and tombs and churches spread all over Perinthalmanna.- Juma Masjid: Built at the time of the incursion of Tippu. It is situated near the private bus station, on Ootty road, which accommodates 12,000 worshippers on most Fridays.
- Salafi Masjid: A mosque of the town which has malayalam qutba, run by MujahidsKerala Nadvathul MujahideenKerala Nadwathul Mujahideen is a Salafi Islamic organization and movement within Sunni Islam in Kerala, India. One faction of the organization is working in co-operation with Ahl al-Hadith , an all-Subcontinental Islahi outfit...
.
- Valyangadi Palli/Mosque: Most prominent mosque which could be considered the oldest in the locality, catering to 10,000 worshippers for Friday mass. In the Masjid Compound, there is a man made lake with water in all seasons.
- Pattani Mosque: It is named after the group of people who came to look into the affairs of the soldiers of Tippu sulthan
Demographics
India censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, Perinthalmanna had a population of 44,613. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Perinthalmanna has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 79%. In Perinthalmanna, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Education
Perinthalmanna attracted the educational groups Aura Edify Global School, which was awarded as India's Most emerging K12 School of the year 2011 by the S. Chand Group.The medical revolution
In a town of 50,000 population, there are officially 400 doctors practising their profession. There are 3 major tertiary care hospitals which have the most modern facilities at extremely affordable costs. It costs around Rs. 20,000 for an angioplastyAngioplasty
Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a balloon catheter, is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size...
. The orthopedics wing in one of the hospitals is considered to be among the best in the country and joint replacements are done at similar rates.
Notable people
- Poonthanam Namboothiri, author of the poem NjanappanaJnanappanaJnanappana is a devotional poem written by the 16th century Malayalam poet Poonthanam. This poem written as a devotional prayer to Guruvayoorappan is considered as an important work in Malayalam literature. Apart from its devotional and poetic merits, it is well known for its simple Malayalam...
- E.M.S. Namboodiripad, born in Elamkulam