Peruvian national election, 2006
Encyclopedia
The first round of the 2006 Peruvian national election was held on April 9, 2006 to elect the President of the Republic, two Vice-Presidents, 120 Members of Congress
, and five Peruvian members of the Andean Parliament (plus 10 substitutes), for the 2006-2011 period.
No single presidential ticket obtained more than half of the total valid votes thus leading to a runoff election held on June 4, 2006 between the two candidates with most votes, Ollanta Humala
and Alan García. Garcia won the election with 52.62% to Humala's 47.37% making Garcia the President-elect of Peru. The president-elect was inaugurated on 28 July 2006, on Peruvian National Day.
The Congressional election made use of 25 Electoral Districts (Peru's 24 departments and the Constitutional Province of Callao). The number of seats in Congress for each district was determined by its number of eligible voters. A political party need to win a minimum of five seats in two electoral districts or 4% of nationwide valid votes in order to be represented in Congress.
Like the presidential and vice-presidential election, the Andean Parliament election did not use Electoral Districts, using nationwide votes instead. A minimum of 4% of nationwide valid votes was necessary for a party to get any representation in the Andean Parliament.
"Valid votes" only include votes correctly issued for exactly one candidate. Hence, blank ballots, multiple-candidate votes or incorrect markings did not affect the overall results, functioning at most as political statements.
The National Registry of Identification and Civil Status
(Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil, RENIEC) was in charge of registering eligible voters; the National Office of Electoral Processes
(Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, ONPE) organized the election; and the National Jury of Elections
(Jurado Nacional de Elecciones, JNE) made any rulings concerning the election, including the proclamation of official results.
Agricultural People's Front of Peru
(Frente Popular Agrícola FIA del Perú, FREPAP). Sí Cumple did not register any candidates.
The table below shows the breakdown of candidates by Electoral District. Votes by 457,891 Peruvians residing abroad were counted in the Lima Electoral District (the number of voters in the table includes them).
as moderator, in the National Museum of Archaeology. There were no debates before the First Round.
Humala arrived late, so García started the debate on his own, claiming that his opponent had "stopped at a bar for a sandwich" and accusing him of having "no respect for the country". Humala accused Aprista supporters of delaying his arrival.
Álvarez Rodrich asked Humala to remove a small Peruvian flag on his podium before his first intervention, in order to have equitative images for both contenders. The candidate refused, saying that the national symbol was nothing to be ashamed about and arguing that the debate arrangements did not forbid using it, leading the moderator to withdraw the flag himself.
The Union for Peru candidate attacked García's position on a bilateral free trade agreement with the United States as "ambiguous"; said that Vladimiro Montesinos
would evidently vote for his opponent (since the former intelligence chief had recently claimed that Humala's uprising in 2001 had been staged as a distraction for his escape from the country); reminded the audience of a tape showing Montesinos bribing former Peruvian Aprista Party Secretary-General Agustín Mantilla; alluded to a paramilitary
group that operated during García's presidency; promised not to receive his salary if he got elected, but only his payments as a retired Lieutenant Colonel; proposed the formation of a Constituent Assembly to rewrite the Constitution on the basis of its 1979 version; and suggested the possibility of reopening a penitentiary, where corrupt government officials and "ex-presidents" would be sent, in a tacit attack at García.
García called Humala a "demagogue" for promising to lower fuel prices by 30 percent; reminded his opponent of his earnings as a military attaché
in France
and South Korea
; called on Humala for asking García to clarify whether he would free Montesinos or not, saying that such decision would concern the Judiciary branch anyway and that pretending to take such powers would be undemocratic, "in the style of (Hugo) Chávez"; indirectly pointed to Humala's support of his bother Antauro's 2005 rebellion, leading to the death of four policemen; and promised to enforce the payment of extra hours, stop arbitrary employment terminations and change some aspects of pension systems.
The media and political analysts described the debate mostly as "boring" and centered on personal attacks, with García not delivering a decisive victory, despite his much greater political experience. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026942.php http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026943.php Opinion polls in Metropolitan Lima
and Callao
gave García a clear victory over Humala, though these were anti-Humala strongholds throughout the campaign. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/027179.php
http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026975.php
http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026971.php
A debate between the technical teams of both candidates was held on May 28 in the Museum of the Nation.
Ollanta Humala obtained local victories in 18 departments and came in first place with 30.6% of valid votes. Alan García, who had been trailing Lourdes Flores in opinion polls
for most of the campaign, defeated her by a narrow margin for the second runoff spot, with 24.3% against her 23.8%, much like in the 2001 election
.
Support for Humala was weaker in the more densely populated coast and stronger in the more rural Andes and jungle, which prevented him from obtaining a larger advantage and stopped him too far from the 50% needed to avoid a runoff. Humala's stronghold was the southern part of the Andes, one of the poorer and less developed regions of Peru, which appeared to place its hopes on the "outsider" candidate; that is, the one not associated with the traditional political class.
Flores won in the department of Lima
and among voters abroad, which together accounted for 36.8% of eligible voters. However, she failed to win elsewhere, while García won in 5 departments along the central and northern coast, as well as Callao
, and most decisively in La Libertad
, his party's traditional stronghold.
The official vote count progress was very slow and the race for the second place was so tight that Flores did not concede defeat until 3 May, 24 days after the First Round, and questioned the transparency and competence of the electoral authorities.
Alan García defeated Ollanta Humala in the Second Round, 52.62% to 47.47%, after apparently capturing most of Lourdes Flores' First Round votes, despite no official endorsement by National Unity. García won in the densely-populated Lima and abroad, and took over Pasco
, Tumbes
and Ucayali
, where Humala had won previously.
Each candidate's strongholds remained the same: the northern and central coast for García, and the southern Andes for Humala. García improved from 16.9% to 68.5% abroad and from 21.8% to 62.0% in Lima, the locations of both of Flores' victories in April. Humala obtained his strongest victory in the region of Ayacucho
winning 83.42% to Garcia's 16.57%. Garcia had his greatest margin of victory in La Libertad
with 72.54% to Humala's 27.45%. Garcia also won a majority in all of the 43 districts of Lima Province
and the 6 districts of Callao
. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/027959.php
Union for Peru obtained 45 out of 120 seats in Congress, more than any other party, but still shy of an absolute majority, despite victories in 16 of 25 Electoral Districts. The Peruvian Aprista Party got the most votes in six Districts and took 36 seats. National Unity obtained 17 seats and a local victory in Lima; Alliance for the Future took 13 seats and won in Pasco; Center Front got 5 seats; ruling party Peru Possible only got 2, after being the stronger party in the 2001-2006 period; and National Restoration took the remaining 2 seats, as well as most votes in Madre de Dios
. The latter two obtained barely above the minimum 4% of valid votes nationwide for Congress representation.
The strongholds for the three main parties were essentially the same as in the presidential election: the southern Andes for Union for Peru, the northern-central coast for the Peruvian Aprista Party, and Lima (plus voters abroad, which counted as part of this Electoral District) for National Unity.
Former President Alberto Fujimori
's daughter Keiko
, of Alliance for the Future, obtained 602,869 votes, the highest individual voting nationwide (though it should be taken into account that she ran in Lima, the Electoral District with, by far, the largest electorate). She was followed by Carlos Bruce
of Peru Possible, a former Minister of Housing, Construction and Sanitation, with 193,374.
The most voted candidate of the party with the most votes presides over the preparatory board for the installation of the new Congress. However, this corresponded to Carlos Torres Caro
, Union for Peru's candidate for Second Vice-President, who, along with Gustavo Espinoza
and Rocío González
resigned from the party following the Second Round, arguing that Humala's approach to their role as an opposition party was too violent. The three incoming Members of Congress presented the new Peruvian Democratic Party
on 26 June. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/028492.php
Center Front, Peru Possible and National Restoration agreed to formally create a joint group in Congress with their 9 members, under the name of the first party. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/028169.php This new group was the only one without representation in the multipartisan Directive Board of the new Congress, led by the Peruvian Aprista Party's Mercedes Cabanillas
as president.
The seat allocation by electoral district is broken down in the table below. Colored cells indicate the party obtaining the most votes in each Electoral District.
of National Unity obtained the most individual votes, with 611,638, after which he announced his own and his party National Renewal
's departure from the coalition. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026838.php
Congress of Peru
The Congress of the Republic of Peru or the National Congress of Peru is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru.Congress consists of 130 members of congress , who are elected for five year periods in office on a proportional representation basis...
, and five Peruvian members of the Andean Parliament (plus 10 substitutes), for the 2006-2011 period.
No single presidential ticket obtained more than half of the total valid votes thus leading to a runoff election held on June 4, 2006 between the two candidates with most votes, Ollanta Humala
Ollanta Humala
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and the President of Peru. Humala, who previously served as an army officer, lost the presidential election in 2006 but won the 2011 presidential election in a run-off vote...
and Alan García. Garcia won the election with 52.62% to Humala's 47.37% making Garcia the President-elect of Peru. The president-elect was inaugurated on 28 July 2006, on Peruvian National Day.
The Congressional election made use of 25 Electoral Districts (Peru's 24 departments and the Constitutional Province of Callao). The number of seats in Congress for each district was determined by its number of eligible voters. A political party need to win a minimum of five seats in two electoral districts or 4% of nationwide valid votes in order to be represented in Congress.
Like the presidential and vice-presidential election, the Andean Parliament election did not use Electoral Districts, using nationwide votes instead. A minimum of 4% of nationwide valid votes was necessary for a party to get any representation in the Andean Parliament.
"Valid votes" only include votes correctly issued for exactly one candidate. Hence, blank ballots, multiple-candidate votes or incorrect markings did not affect the overall results, functioning at most as political statements.
The National Registry of Identification and Civil Status
National Registry of Identification and Civil Status
The National Registry of Identification and Civil Status is an autonomous constitutional body of the State of Peru. Its role is to maintain the records of births, marriages, divorces and deaths in the country, as well as of the suffrage eligibility and registration...
(Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil, RENIEC) was in charge of registering eligible voters; the National Office of Electoral Processes
National Office of Electoral Processes
The National Office of Electoral Processes is the body in charge of organizing elections in Peru. Created in 1993, during the government of Alberto Fujimori, it is headquartered in the Jesús María District in Lima...
(Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, ONPE) organized the election; and the National Jury of Elections
National Jury of Elections (Peru)
The National Jury of Elections of Peru is an autonomous constitutional organism, headquartered in Lima. Its goal is to oversee the legality of electoral processes, guaranteeing the respect for the population's will...
(Jurado Nacional de Elecciones, JNE) made any rulings concerning the election, including the proclamation of official results.
Congress
24 parties presented up to 130 candidates to Congress each, for a total of 2,918 candidates. 331 of these were rejected by the National Jury of Elections, leaving 2,587 candidates. These represent all parties with presidential candidates, plus Peru Possible, Independent Moralizing Front, Project Country, and Agricultural People's Front of PeruAgricultural People's Front of Peru
The Agricultural People's Front of Peru is a political party in Peru.At the legislative elections of 8 April 2001, the party won 1.7 % of the popular vote and no seats in the Congress of the Republic...
(Frente Popular Agrícola FIA del Perú, FREPAP). Sí Cumple did not register any candidates.
The table below shows the breakdown of candidates by Electoral District. Votes by 457,891 Peruvians residing abroad were counted in the Lima Electoral District (the number of voters in the table includes them).
Andean Parliament
A total of 21 parties nominated 15 candidates for the Andean Parliament each, for a total of 315 candidates. 73 candidates were rejected by the National Jury of Elections, leaving 242 candidates from 19 parties. Participating parties include all those with Congressional candidates, except And It's Called Peru, Decentralization Coalition, Democratic Force, FREPAP and Let's Make Progress Peru.Main presidential candidates
- Lourdes FloresLourdes FloresLourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano is a Peruvian politician and lawyer. She currently leads the Unidad Nacional ' alliance and the Partido Popular Cristiano ' in Peru, which is the most well-known right-of-center party of the country.-Biography:Lourdes Flores was born in Lima on 7 October 1959...
is the leader of the conservative, right-wing National UnityNational Unity (Peru)National Unity was a Peruvian center-right, mainly Christian democratic electoral alliance.National Unity was founded in 2000 by Lourdes Flores Nano and was considered Peru's third largest party. The party participated in the 2001 presidential election, on 8 April 2001, when its candidate,...
coalition. She is a former Congresswoman and came in third place in the 2001 presidential election. She was often targeted as the candidate of the rich and was accused by opponents of not caring about the poor. Her running mate was Arturo WoodmanArturo WoodmanArturo Woodman Pollit is a Peruvian engineer and politician. He was National Unity's candidate for First Vice President at the 2006 Peruvian national election, running along Lourdes Flores....
, a well-known entrepreneur, who also led the organization of the 2004 Copa AméricaCopa América 2004The Copa América 2004 was the 41st edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held in Peru, who hosted the tournament for the sixth time,...
and the 2005 U-17 World Championship.
- Alan García is the leader of left-leaning Peruvian Aprista PartyAmerican Popular Revolutionary AllianceThe Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana is a centre-left Peruvian political party.At the legislative elections held on 9 April 2006, the party won 22.6% of the popular vote and 36 out of 120 seats in the Congress of the Republic...
and was President of Peru from 1985 to 1990. His presidency was marked by hyperinflation and an economic crisis, as well as widespread terrorist activities and isolation from the international community; however, he came in second place in the 2001 presidential election, losing in the runoff against Alejandro ToledoAlejandro ToledoAlejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique is a politician who was President of Peru from 2001 to 2006. He was elected in April 2001, defeating former President Alan García...
. Critics often pointed to his administration as a failure to be repeated if he got elected.
- Ollanta HumalaOllanta HumalaOllanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and the President of Peru. Humala, who previously served as an army officer, lost the presidential election in 2006 but won the 2011 presidential election in a run-off vote...
is the leader of the left-wing Peruvian Nationalist PartyPeruvian Nationalist PartyThe Peruvian Nationalist Party is a political party in Peru. The ideology of the party is wrongly considered to be nationalism with strong ties to the Movimiento Etnocacerista.Ollanta Humala was the Peruvian Nationalist Party's...
, but ran under the Union for PeruUnion for PeruUnion for Peru is a Peruvian political party. UPP was founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, ex UN Secretary General, in 1994. UPP was originally a liberal or centrist political party....
banner. He is a Lieutenant Colonel (retired) and led an uprising in October 2000 against then President Alberto FujimoriAlberto FujimoriAlberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
, for which he was pardoned by Congress following Fujimori's fall in November. He spoke of the "refoundation" of the country in a "Second Republic" and called for the rewriting of the Constitution by a Constituent Assembly. Opponents criticized his lack of political experience, his perceived authoriarianism and populism. He was constantly associated during the campaign with his brothers UlisesUlises HumalaUlises Humala Tasso is a professor at the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería and a Peruvian politician who ran unsuccessfully for president in the 2006 election on the Avanza País ticket. He was running against his brother, Ollanta Humala, and 18 other candidates...
and AntauroAntauro HumalaAntauro Humala Tasso is a Peruvian nationalist and former army major.He attained international prominence on 1 January 2005 by occupying a rural police station in Andahuaylas, Apurímac Region...
, though their etnocacerista movementMovimiento EtnocaceristaPeru's Movimiento Etnocacerista is a group of ethnic nationalists....
is more radical than his nationalist movement. Ulises also ran for President in this election with Go On Country; Antauro, who participated in the 2000 insurrection, is in prison, following his own brief rebellion in January 2005 against President Alejandro ToledoAlejandro ToledoAlejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique is a politician who was President of Peru from 2001 to 2006. He was elected in April 2001, defeating former President Alan García...
, but also ran for Congress.
Other candidates
- Martha ChávezMartha ChávezMartha Gladys Chávez Cossío de Ocampo is a Peruvian politician and lawyer who ran unsuccessfully for president in the 2006 presidential elections on the Alliance for the Future ticket.-Education and professional career:...
was the candidate of the pro-FujimoriAlberto FujimoriAlberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
Alliance for the FutureAlliance for the Future (Peru)Alliance for the Future was a Peruvian political alliance formed by pro-Fujimori parties Change 90 and New Majority for the 2006 national election...
. She is currently a Congresswoman and was the first female President of CongressCongress of PeruThe Congress of the Republic of Peru or the National Congress of Peru is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru.Congress consists of 130 members of congress , who are elected for five year periods in office on a proportional representation basis...
. A staunch defender of the former president, she was suspended from Congress in 2002 after corruption accusations, but was reinstated in 2005. Vice-presidential candidate Santiago FujimoriSantiago FujimoriSantiago Inomoto Fujimori Fujimori is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He is the younger brother of former President Alberto Fujimori. He is a Member of Congress representing Lima, after getting 22,992 votes in the 2006 election, in which he also ran unsuccessfully for First Vice-President on...
is Alberto's younger brother. As with all fujimoristas, she was criticized for defending an administration that is seen as corrupt and authoritarian.
- Valentín PaniaguaValentín PaniaguaValentín Paniagua Corazao was a Peruvian politician and former Interim President of Peru. Paniagua was elected by the Peruvian Congress to serve as interim president of the country after Alberto Fujimori was ousted from office by Congress in November 2000.As Interim President, his main task was to...
was the leader of the Center FrontCenter FrontThe Center Front was a Peruvian political coalition formed by the parties Acción Popular , Somos Perú and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes for the 2006 national election...
, a coalition of centrist parties formed for this election. He was President of Congress before becoming the interim President of Peru (November 2000-July 2001), following the collapse of Fujimori's administration. Running mate Alberto AndradeAlberto AndradeAlberto Manuel Andrade Carmona was a Peruvian politician, born in Lima and mayor of that city from 1996 to 2002....
was mayor of LimaLimaLima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
from 1996 to 2002.
- Natale AmprimoNatale AmprimoNatale Juan Amprimo Pla is a Peruvian politician. He is a Member of Congress for the period 2001-2006.He left Somos Perú, former Mayor of Lima Alberto Andrade's party, in 2004. He was Alianza para el Progreso's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. He received 0.4% of the vote,...
(Alliance for Progress), Javier Diez CansecoJavier Diez CansecoJavier Diez Canseco Cisneros is a Peruvian politician and former member of the Peruvian Congress representing the party Partido Democrático Descentralista , of which he is a co-founder. He was also a candidate for President of Peru as the head of the Socialist Party of Peru in 2006 elections...
(Partido SocialistaSocialist Party (Peru)The Socialist Party is a Peruvian political party founded in 2005. Its presidential candidate for the 2006 national election was Javier Diez Canseco...
) and Luis GuerreroLuis GuerreroLuis Bernardo Guerrero Figueroa is a Peruvian politician. He was a Member of Congress for two periods 2000- 2001 and 2001–2006; and was Perú Ahora's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. He was also Mayor of Cajamarca from 1993 to 1998 and President of the Association of...
(Perú Ahora) are current Members of Congress. Guerrero was also mayor of CajamarcaCajamarcaCajamarca may refer to:Colombia*Cajamarca, Tolima a town and municipality in Tolima DepartmentPeru* Cajamarca, city in Peru.* Cajamarca District, district in the Cajamarca province.* Cajamarca Province, province in the Cajamarca region....
.
- Alberto BoreaAlberto BoreaAlberto Borea Odría is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He was Fuerza Democrática's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election.He was Deputy from 1985 to 1990 and Senator from 1990 to 1992, when Alberto Fujimori dissolved the parliament. Later that year he participated in a failed coup...
(Democratic Force) is a former Deputy and Senator. In 1992, he participated in a failed coup against Fujimori, led by Jaime Salinas Sedó, whose son was National Justice's candidate in this election, Jaime SalinasJaime SalinasJaime Salinas López-Torres is a Peruvian politician, son of General Jaime Salinas Sedó. He was Justicia Nacional's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. He received 0.535% of the vote, coming in 8th place....
.
- Humberto Lay SunHumberto Lay SunPastor Humberto Lay Sun is a Peruvian evangelical minister of the Iglesia Biblica Emmanuel, architect, and a politician . He is of Chinese descent. He studied at the Colegio San Andrés...
(National Restoration) is an evangelical pastor and was a member of the Truth and Reconciliation CommissionTruth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)The Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established in 2001 after the fall of president Alberto Fujimori, to examine abuses committed during the 1980s and 1990s, when Peru was plagued by the worst political violence in the history of the republic...
, established to study the atrocities committed in the 1980s and 1990s. Running mate Máximo San Román was Fujimori's Vice-President, but split with him after the 1992 self-coupSelf-coupA self-coup or autocoup is a form of coup d'état that occurs when a country's leader, who has come to power through legal means, dissolves or renders powerless the national legislature and assumes extraordinary powers not granted under normal circumstances. Other measures taken may include...
.
- Susana VillaránSusana VillaránSusana María del Carmen Villarán de la Puente is a centre-left politician in Peru, a former presidential candidate, and in municipal elections in 2010 became the first woman to be elected Mayor of Lima....
(Decentralization Coalition) was Minister of Women's Promotion and Social Development during Paniagua's tenure.
- Alberto FujimoriAlberto FujimoriAlberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
's candidacy was rejected after a ban by Congress forbidding him to hold office until 2011 was upheld.
- Ruling party Peru Possible and ally Independent Moralizing Front (FIM) withdrew their candidates. PP's candidate Rafael Belaúnde was not a party member and clashed with the party's core over the congressional candidate list, which included some people he did not approve of. FIM's leader Fernando OliveraFernando OliveraFernando Olivera Vega is a Peruvian politician and leader of Independent Moralizing Front , a Peruvian political party...
, quit to run for Congress, realizing his slim chances in the presidential race.
Presidential Debate
The only official presidential debate was held on May 21, 2006 between Ollanta Humala and Alan García, with journalist Augusto Álvarez RodrichAugusto Álvarez Rodrich
Augusto Aníbal Álvarez Rodrich is a Peruvian economist and journalist in print, radio and television.He obtained a bachelor's degree in economics at the University of the Pacific before going on to obtain a master's degree in public administration at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at...
as moderator, in the National Museum of Archaeology. There were no debates before the First Round.
Humala arrived late, so García started the debate on his own, claiming that his opponent had "stopped at a bar for a sandwich" and accusing him of having "no respect for the country". Humala accused Aprista supporters of delaying his arrival.
Álvarez Rodrich asked Humala to remove a small Peruvian flag on his podium before his first intervention, in order to have equitative images for both contenders. The candidate refused, saying that the national symbol was nothing to be ashamed about and arguing that the debate arrangements did not forbid using it, leading the moderator to withdraw the flag himself.
The Union for Peru candidate attacked García's position on a bilateral free trade agreement with the United States as "ambiguous"; said that Vladimiro Montesinos
Vladimiro Montesinos
Vladimiro Ilyich Montesinos Torres was the long-standing head of Peru's intelligence service, Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional , under President Alberto Fujimori. In 2000, secret videos, which he had recorded, were televised that showed his bribing an elected congressman to leave the opposition...
would evidently vote for his opponent (since the former intelligence chief had recently claimed that Humala's uprising in 2001 had been staged as a distraction for his escape from the country); reminded the audience of a tape showing Montesinos bribing former Peruvian Aprista Party Secretary-General Agustín Mantilla; alluded to a paramilitary
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....
group that operated during García's presidency; promised not to receive his salary if he got elected, but only his payments as a retired Lieutenant Colonel; proposed the formation of a Constituent Assembly to rewrite the Constitution on the basis of its 1979 version; and suggested the possibility of reopening a penitentiary, where corrupt government officials and "ex-presidents" would be sent, in a tacit attack at García.
García called Humala a "demagogue" for promising to lower fuel prices by 30 percent; reminded his opponent of his earnings as a military attaché
Military attaché
A military attaché is a military expert who is attached to a diplomatic mission . This post is normally filled by a high-ranking military officer who retains the commission while serving in an embassy...
in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
; called on Humala for asking García to clarify whether he would free Montesinos or not, saying that such decision would concern the Judiciary branch anyway and that pretending to take such powers would be undemocratic, "in the style of (Hugo) Chávez"; indirectly pointed to Humala's support of his bother Antauro's 2005 rebellion, leading to the death of four policemen; and promised to enforce the payment of extra hours, stop arbitrary employment terminations and change some aspects of pension systems.
The media and political analysts described the debate mostly as "boring" and centered on personal attacks, with García not delivering a decisive victory, despite his much greater political experience. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026942.php http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026943.php Opinion polls in Metropolitan Lima
Lima Metropolitan Area
The Lima Metropolitan Area , is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian cities of Lima and Callao. It is the largest metropolitan area in Peru, the eighth largest in the Americas, and among the thirty largest in the world. The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s. The...
and Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
gave García a clear victory over Humala, though these were anti-Humala strongholds throughout the campaign. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/027179.php
http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026975.php
http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026971.php
A debate between the technical teams of both candidates was held on May 28 in the Museum of the Nation.
Highlights
- Important issues during the campaign included economic policy, unemployment, education, healthcare, drug trafficking, terrorist activities, the exploitation of the CamiseaCamisea Gas ProjectThe Camisea Gas Project extracts and transports natural gas originating near the Urubamba River in central Peru, the San Martín Reservoir.-History:...
natural gas reserves, the management of ports by foreign companies, a maritime border dispute with ChileChileChile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
, birth control and abortion, and renewal of Congress.
- In January 2006, Ollanta Humala attended a ceremony held in honor of then President-Elect of BoliviaBoliviaBolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
, Evo MoralesEvo MoralesJuan Evo Morales Ayma , popularly known as Evo , is a Bolivian politician and activist, currently serving as the 80th President of Bolivia, a position that he has held since 2006. He is also the leader of both the Movement for Socialism party and the cocalero trade union...
, by VenezuelaVenezuelaVenezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
n President Hugo ChávezHugo ChávezHugo Rafael Chávez Frías is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela...
, who publicly endorsed Humala. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/021585.php Chávez also called Lourdes Flores "the candidate of the Peruvian oligarchy". http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/021893.php These events prompted a row between Chávez and the Peruvian government, who accused him of interfering in Peru's internal affairs. Humala later met with BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian and ArgentineArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
presidents Lula da Silva and Néstor KirchnerNéstor KirchnerNéstor Carlos Kirchner was an Argentine politician who served as the 54th President of Argentina from 25 May 2003 until 10 December 2007. Previously, he was Governor of Santa Cruz Province since 10 December 1991. He briefly served as Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations ...
. The former had also invited Flores and García, but they declined.
- In late April, after Chávez announced that Venezuela would leave the Andean Community unless ColombiaColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
, EcuadorEcuadorEcuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
and Peru abandoned their plans for Free Trade Agreements with the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, Alan García criticized him, arguing that this was equivalent to blackmail, and that it was very hypocritical, considering the amounts of oil exports from Venezuela to the US. Chávez responded by calling García "corrupt" and a "thief", and the new candidate of Peru's rich and of the US, following Flores' defeat. He also endorsed Humala again and threatened to withdraw his ambassador to Peru if García won. After accusations by García and the Peruvian government of interference in the election by the Venezuelan president, Toledo and García were called "caimanCaimanCaimans are alligatorid crocodylians within the subfamily Caimaninae. The group is one of two subfamilies of the family Alligatoridae, the other being alligators. Caimans inhabit Central and South America. They are relatively small crocodilians, with most species reaching lengths of only a few...
s from the same well" and the former was labelled as US President BushGeorge W. BushGeorge Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
's "puppet" and "office boy" by Chávez. This led to the mutual withdrawal of ambassadors. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/2006_04_28.php Interestingly, García had been the notable exception to criticism of Humala's January meeting with Chávez, in an apparent move to avoid confrontation with the latter, who could be a leftist ally in the region during his potential presidency.
- On May 25, a violent clash between supporters of Ollanta Humala and Alan García in CuscoCuscoCusco , often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cuzco Province. In 2007, the city had a population of 358,935 which was triple the figure of 20 years ago...
left five injured people, including two (three by other accounts) wounded by gunshot. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/027144.php
- National Unity was accused of buying off candidates to pull out of the race, including Fernando OliveraFernando OliveraFernando Olivera Vega is a Peruvian politician and leader of Independent Moralizing Front , a Peruvian political party...
, who did withdraw, and Jaime Salinas. Olivera's FIM party later showed TV advertisements directly attacking Alan García, and was ordered to stop by the National Jury of Elections. The ruling was not obeyed and Jorge Del CastilloJorge Del CastilloJorge Alfonso Alejandro Del Castillo Gálvez is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Peru. He is also a member and current Secretary-General of the Peruvian Aprista Party...
, Secretary General of Peruvian Aprista Party and Member of Congress, showed documents allegedly proving a secret pact between FIM and Lourdes Flores' Unidad Nacional party accounting for the attacks on García. In response, Olivera sued him for forging the documents. http://www.elcomercioperu.com.pe/EdicionImpresa/Html/2006-04-08/impPolitica0485830.html
- A section of National Unity accused the Peruvian Aprista Party of electoral fraud, following the narrow victory of Alan García over Lourdes Flores in the race for the second runoff spot. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026693.php
- On April 7, just two days before the First Round, José Cardó GuarderasJosé Cardó GuarderasJosé Cardó Guarderas is a Peruvian and was Reconstrucción Democrática's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. He formally withdrew his candidacy two days before the election, publicly supporting Lourdes Flores' one instead, but the ballot was not changed and his votes were still...
(Democratic Reconstruction) and Ciro GálvezCiro GálvezCiro Alfreado Gálvez Herrera is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He ran unsuccessfully for President in 2001 and was running as Andean Renaissance's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election...
(Andean Renaissance) dropped from the presidential race and announced their support for Lourdes Flores' candidacy and their opposition to Ollanta Humala's. Only Cardó presented his official resignation to the National Jury of Elections, but his votes were still counted officially. The day before, Ricardo WongRicardo WongRicardo Wong Kuoman is a Peruvian politician. He is of Chinese Peruvian background. He was Y se llama Perú's presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. He announced his withdrawal from the race due to lack of support, claiming unequal media coverage and opportunities, but retracted a...
(And It's Called Peru), who had withdrawn his candidacy before and later retracted, announced that he dropped the race in favor of Alan García. Given the proximity of the election, there were no changes to the ballot. http://www.peru21.com/P21Online/Html/2006-04-07/olPolitica0485745.html
- In the second round campaigning for the Peruvian elections Diego MaradonaDiego MaradonaDiego Armando Maradona is a retired Argentine football player and widely regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time. Over the course of his professional club career Maradona played for Argentinos Juniors, Boca Juniors, Barcelona, Napoli, Sevilla and Newell's Old Boys, setting...
the Argentinian soccer star, announced that he would visit Peru on May 4 to play a friendly game with former Peruvian soccer players. Maradona has also expressed his support for Humala's campaign and is a personal friend of Cuban President Fidel CastroFidel CastroFidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
and Venezuelan President Hugo ChávezHugo ChávezHugo Rafael Chávez Frías is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela...
. In response to the announcement that Maradona was coming to Peru to support Humala the candidate for the APRA party Alan García was quoted as saying "Maradona comes by order from his friends in Cuba and Venezuela and even so Ollanta Humala will not manage to pull a goal on us". In the end, Maradona did not make any political statements after all. http://www.ednoperu.com/noticia.php?IDnoticia=22160
- Ollanta Humala was accused of torturing and killing peasants under the nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" when he was the commander of a military base in the jungle from 1992 to 1993. National Unity was accused of buying off witnesses to testify against him. His brother Antauro confirmed that he used that name and said that he acted "according to the rules of the Army". http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/023490.php
- In December 2005, Peru reached a deal with the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
on a Free Trade AgreementPeru-United States Free Trade AgreementThe United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement is a bilateral free trade agreement, whose objectives are eliminating obstacles to trade, consolidating access to goods and services and fostering private investment in and between the United States and Peru...
between the two countries. Some candidates, such as Ollanta Humala, opposed the agreement, others like Lourdes Flores supported it, and still others like Alan García approved parts of it and advocated revising it. The Toledo administration announced that it would be signed after the First Round in order to avoid affecting the election's outcome http://www.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.asp?idnoticia=1505766. The agreement was finally signed on April 12 in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
, and ratified by Peru's Congress on June 28, but must be ratified by the U.S. Congress before coming into force.
- Isaac HumalaIsaac HumalaIsaac Humala Núñez is a labour lawyer from Ayacucho and the ideological leader of the Movimiento Etnocacerista, a group of ethnic nationalists in Peru...
, father of candidates Ollanta and Ulises, said that he would free Shining PathShining PathShining Path is a Maoist guerrilla terrorist organization in Peru. The group never refers to itself as "Shining Path", and as several other Peruvian groups, prefers to be called the "Communist Party of Peru" or "PCP-SL" in short...
and MRTATúpac Amaru Revolutionary MovementThe Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement was a Marxist revolutionary group active in Peru from the early 1980s to 1997 and one of the main actors in the internal conflict in Peru...
leaders Abimael GuzmánAbimael GuzmánManuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso , also known by the nom de guerre Presidente Gonzalo , a former professor of philosophy, was the leader of the Shining Path during the Maoist insurgency known as the internal conflict in Peru...
and Víctor PolayVíctor PolayVíctor Polay Campos is one of the founders of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, a Peruvian guerrilla organization that fought in the internal conflict in Peru...
, since he considered that terrorist movements no longer represent a threat to Peruvian society. This came after a letter was signed by several public figures, including Ulises and fellow candidates Javier Diez Canseco and Alberto MorenoAlberto MorenoAlberto Moreno Rojas del Río is a left-wing Peruvian politician. He is the general secretary of the Communist Party of Peru and the president of the Movimiento Nueva Izquierda - New Left Movement....
, demanding a fair trial for Polay. Most candidates rushed to condemn Isaac Humala's comments, including Ollanta and even Ulises, whose candidacy had been openly supported by his father. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/024196.php Around the same time, Elena Humala, the candidates' mother, claimed that homosexuals and rapists should be shot http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/024335.php, which apparently prompted Ollanta to ask his parents to stop making public statements.
- In an April 4 interview with Argentine newspaper Página/12Página/12Página/12 is a newspaper based in Buenos Aires, Argentina.Página/12 was founded on May 25, 1987, by journalist Jorge Lanata in association with writer Osvaldo Soriano and investigative journalist Horacio Verbitsky...
, Ollanta Humala claimed that, if Lourdes Flores were elected, she would be overthrown in less than a year. http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elmundo/4-65164-2006-04-04.html Given his past uprising, this was interpreted as a coup threat, leading opponents to accuse him again of having no respect for democracy.
- Peru's only living Roman Catholic CardinalCardinal (Catholicism)A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
, Juan Luis Cipriani exhorted the electorate not to fall for "messianic" candidates, in one of several tacit references to Ollanta Humala. http://www.peru21.com/P21Online/Html/2006-03-25/olPolitica0478508.html
- Minister of Justice Alejandro Tudela Chipotea announced that Antauro and Ollanta Humala would be sued for complicity with Vladimiro MontesinosVladimiro MontesinosVladimiro Ilyich Montesinos Torres was the long-standing head of Peru's intelligence service, Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional , under President Alberto Fujimori. In 2000, secret videos, which he had recorded, were televised that showed his bribing an elected congressman to leave the opposition...
. While their October 2001 uprising was publicized as an insurrection against the Fujimori administration, there have been accusations of it being staged in order to create a distraction so that the fugitive Montesinos could flee the country, which he did the same day aboard a yacht. César Mojovich, a former National Police Commissioner of Toquepala, revealed this in a TV show, and apparently there are records of calls from Montesinos to the Humala brothers' military base just hours before the uprising. http://www.peru21.com/P21Online/Html/2006-04-07/Portada0485697.html In mid-May 2006, Montesinos himself claimed that Humala's uprising was indeed a farce, though his statements were interpreted by some as an attempt to affect the outcome of the runoff election. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026916.php
- Union for Peru's vice-presidential candidate Carlos Torres Caro was accused of sexual harassment by two of his former students, and of electoral fraud cover-up in 1995. http://www.peru.com/noticias/idocs/2006/1/31/DetalleDocumento_278048.asp The presidential candidate for Project Country, Marco Antonio Arrunátegui, who withdrew from the race, had a pending judicial process for sexual exploitation of minors. http://www.criterios.com/modules.php?name=Noticias&file=article&sid=7326
- The National Electoral Jury admitted the failure of an Electoral Ethical Pact between the parties, given the widespread personal attacks between the candidates. Asociación Civil Transparencia, an unaffiliated citizen group, also lamented the overall tone of the campaign. http://www.cpnradio.com.pe/html/2006/04/07/1/8768.htm
- OASOrganization of American StatesThe Organization of American States is a regional international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States...
and European ParliamentEuropean ParliamentThe European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...
observers denied the possibility of an electoral fraud, http://www.peru21.com/P21Online/Html/2006-04-07/Portada0485705.html which was suggested by Ollanta Humala, who accused the government of favoring Lourdes Flores in the First Round. The OAS mission sent personnel to emergency zones in Peru, where remnants of Shining PathShining PathShining Path is a Maoist guerrilla terrorist organization in Peru. The group never refers to itself as "Shining Path", and as several other Peruvian groups, prefers to be called the "Communist Party of Peru" or "PCP-SL" in short...
(Sendero Luminoso) were known to operate. SL called for a boycott of the election. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/024103.php
- The election was initially going to use two separate ballots, by decision of the National Office of Electoral Processes: one for the Presidential election, the other for the Congressional and Andean Parliament elections. After the formal protest of several parties, the National Jury of Elections ruled that the ballots had to be merged into one. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/023407.php
- Members of the Armed ForcesMilitary of PeruThe Peruvian Armed Forces are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army, Navy and Air Force components. Their primary mission is to safeguard the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity against any threat...
and the National Police were able to vote for the first time in 180 years. Up to 50% were eligible to vote, http://www.telesurtv.net/home8abr6.php video with an estimated 35% actually voting. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/025176.php
Presidential
With 77% of votes counted in the Second Round (runoff) and García ahead of Humala 55.5% to 45.5% respectively, the latter conceded defeat his opponent and congratulated his campaign stating at a news conference, "we recognise the results...and we salute the forces that competed against us, those of Mr Garcia". http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/49A76531-B028-4524-A697-9270F81738A8.htm Final results were closer, but still gave García the victory after getting 52.6% of the valid votes against Humala's 47.4%.First Round
Opinion polling for the Peruvian national election, 2006
Opinion polling for the 2006 Peruvian national election was carried out by pollsters authorized by the National Election Jury both in the races for the Presidency and Congress....
for most of the campaign, defeated her by a narrow margin for the second runoff spot, with 24.3% against her 23.8%, much like in the 2001 election
Peruvian national election, 2001
The 2001 Peruvian national election was held after Alberto Fujimori fled Peru for Japan following the collapse of his administration.Alejandro Toledo won the election.-Parliamentary election:...
.
Support for Humala was weaker in the more densely populated coast and stronger in the more rural Andes and jungle, which prevented him from obtaining a larger advantage and stopped him too far from the 50% needed to avoid a runoff. Humala's stronghold was the southern part of the Andes, one of the poorer and less developed regions of Peru, which appeared to place its hopes on the "outsider" candidate; that is, the one not associated with the traditional political class.
Flores won in the department of Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
and among voters abroad, which together accounted for 36.8% of eligible voters. However, she failed to win elsewhere, while García won in 5 departments along the central and northern coast, as well as Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
, and most decisively in La Libertad
La Libertad Region
La Libertad is a region in northwestern Peru. Formerly it was known as the 'Department of La Libertad" , a political division that generally corresponds to a state in the United States of America...
, his party's traditional stronghold.
The official vote count progress was very slow and the race for the second place was so tight that Flores did not concede defeat until 3 May, 24 days after the First Round, and questioned the transparency and competence of the electoral authorities.
Second Round (Runoff)
Pasco Region
Pasco is a region in central Peru. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.-Political division:The region is divided into 3 provinces , which are composed of 28 districts .-Provinces:...
, Tumbes
Tumbes Region
Tumbes is a coastal region in northwestern Peru and southwestern Ecuador. Due to the region's location near the Equator it has a warm climate, with beaches that are considered among the finest in Peru...
and Ucayali
Ucayali Region
Ucayali is an inland region in Peru. Located in the Amazon rainforest, its name is derived from the Ucayali River. The regional capital is the city of Pucallpa.-Boundaries:...
, where Humala had won previously.
Each candidate's strongholds remained the same: the northern and central coast for García, and the southern Andes for Humala. García improved from 16.9% to 68.5% abroad and from 21.8% to 62.0% in Lima, the locations of both of Flores' victories in April. Humala obtained his strongest victory in the region of Ayacucho
Ayacucho Region
Ayacucho is a region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho. The region was one of the hardest hit by terrorism during the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path known as the internal conflict in Peru.A referendum was held on...
winning 83.42% to Garcia's 16.57%. Garcia had his greatest margin of victory in La Libertad
La Libertad Region
La Libertad is a region in northwestern Peru. Formerly it was known as the 'Department of La Libertad" , a political division that generally corresponds to a state in the United States of America...
with 72.54% to Humala's 27.45%. Garcia also won a majority in all of the 43 districts of Lima Province
Districts of Lima
The province of Lima is divided into forty three districts of Lima which are administered by the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima The city proper of Lima is generally considered to be formed by thirty of these districts. The remaining thirteen districts consist of mostly rural and sparsely...
and the 6 districts of Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/027959.php
Congressional
Madre de Dios Region
Madre de Dios is a region in southeastern Peru, bordering Brazil, Bolivia and the Peruvian regions of Puno, Cusco and Ucayali. Its capital is the city of Puerto Maldonado. The name of the region is a very common Spanish language designation for the Virgin Mary, literally meaning Mother of...
. The latter two obtained barely above the minimum 4% of valid votes nationwide for Congress representation.
Former President Alberto Fujimori
Alberto Fujimori
Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
's daughter Keiko
Keiko Fujimori
Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi is a Peruvian Fujimorista politician, daughter of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. She served as First Lady, from 1994 to 2000, after her parents divorced, becoming the youngest First Lady in the history of the Americas...
, of Alliance for the Future, obtained 602,869 votes, the highest individual voting nationwide (though it should be taken into account that she ran in Lima, the Electoral District with, by far, the largest electorate). She was followed by Carlos Bruce
Carlos Bruce
Carlos Ricardo Bruce Montes de Oca is a Peruvian politician.Bruce graduated from the Economic Faculty of the University of Lima. From 1998 to 2000, he was the president of the Peruvian Exporters' association ADEX....
of Peru Possible, a former Minister of Housing, Construction and Sanitation, with 193,374.
The most voted candidate of the party with the most votes presides over the preparatory board for the installation of the new Congress. However, this corresponded to Carlos Torres Caro
Carlos Torres Caro
Carlos Alberto Torres Caro is a Peruvian politician and a Congressman representing Lima for the 2006–2011 term. Torres Caro ran for the Union for Peru party in the 2006 election, obtaining the party's highest individual vote, but resigned from it after the presidential runoff, in which the ticket...
, Union for Peru's candidate for Second Vice-President, who, along with Gustavo Espinoza
Gustavo Espinoza
Gustavo Dacio Espinoza Soto is a Peruvian politician and a Congressman representing Lambayeque for the 2006-2011 term. Espinoza was elected as a member of the Union for Peru party, but left it after the election to form the Peruvian Democratic Party along with fellow Congress members Carlos Torres...
and Rocío González
Rocío González
Rocío de María González Zúñiga is a Peruvian politician. She was elected as a Congresswoman representing Arequipa for the 2006-2011 term. González was elected as a member of the Union for Peru party, but left it after the election to form the Peruvian Democratic Party along with fellow Congress...
resigned from the party following the Second Round, arguing that Humala's approach to their role as an opposition party was too violent. The three incoming Members of Congress presented the new Peruvian Democratic Party
Peruvian Democratic Party
The Peruvian Democratic Party is a Peruvian political party founded on 26 June 2006 by former Union for Peru members following differences with that party....
on 26 June. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/028492.php
Center Front, Peru Possible and National Restoration agreed to formally create a joint group in Congress with their 9 members, under the name of the first party. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/028169.php This new group was the only one without representation in the multipartisan Directive Board of the new Congress, led by the Peruvian Aprista Party's Mercedes Cabanillas
Mercedes Cabanillas
Mercedes Cabanillas Bustamante ,is currently a Peruvian Congresswoman of the Peruvian Aprista Party representing the Electoral District of Lima. Minister of Interior of Peru....
as president.
The seat allocation by electoral district is broken down in the table below. Colored cells indicate the party obtaining the most votes in each Electoral District.
Andean Parliament
Only the three main parties obtained representation in the Andean Parliament, with Union for Peru and the Peruvian Aprista Party obtaining 2 seats (plus 4 substitutes) each, and National Unity getting one seat (and two substitutes). Union for Peru got the most votes, with 24.0% of the valid ballots. Congressman Rafael ReyRafael Rey
Rafael Rey, in Peru Rafael Rey Rey is a Peruvian politician. He is the president of the Christian democratic and conservative National Renewal and was running mate of Keiko Fujimori of Force 2011 in the Peruvian general election, 2011.- Early life and education :Rafael Rey was born to engineering...
of National Unity obtained the most individual votes, with 611,638, after which he announced his own and his party National Renewal
National Renewal (Peru)
National Renewal , is a Christian democratic and right-leaning political party in Peru that was founded in 1992 in Lima by conservative politician Rafael Rey....
's departure from the coalition. http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/026838.php
External links
- Election Guide: Peru IFES Election Guide
- Video of Garcia-Humala Presidential Debate Peruvian National TelevisionPeruvian National TelevisionPeruvian National Television or National Television of Peru is a non-profit public broadcasting television network service with 22 member TV stations in Peru...
- "Background Q&A: Peru's Elections" March 10, 2006 Council on Foreign Relations
- "Peruvian Elections" June 1, 2006 Council on Hemispheric Affairs "Elecciones 2006: Usted Decide" "El Comercio" newspaper's election coverage National Jury of Elections' candidate search engine National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) Sample ballot for Lima Electoral District
