Peter Johnson Gulick
Encyclopedia
Peter Johnson Gulick was a missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii
and Japan
. He was patriarch of a family that also carried on the tradition of missionary work, and included several scientists.
.
He enrolled in Lawrenceville School
from 1820 to 1822.
Along with James Brainerd Taylor (1801–1829) and two other students, Gulick helped found Princeton University
's Philadelphian Society of Nassau Hall
(1825–1930, now called Princeton Evangelical Fellowship).
He graduated from Princeton in 1825, and the Princeton Theological Seminary
in 1827.
On September 5, 1827 he married Frances "Fanny" Hinckley Thomas who was born April 16, 1798 in Lebanon, Connecticut
. His father was John Gulick (1766–1838) and mother was Lydia Combs (1768–1836).
He was ordained as a Presbyterian minister on October 3, 1827.
On November 3, 1827 they left Boston
as part of the third company of missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
.
They arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii
on March 30, 1828 and were first assigned to the mission at Waimea
on the island of Kauai
. In 1835 they moved to Kōloa
on Kauai, where the Kōloa sugar plantation
had just been started by Ladd & Co.
After the Ladd company failed in 1843 they moved to the island of Molokai
where they assisted Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
and his wife Rebecca Howard Hitchcock. In 1847 they moved to Waialua on the island of Oahu
. In 1857 they moved to Honolulu.
His brother William Gulick married Fanny's sister Eliza Throop Thomas (1804–1903) and their son Charles T. Gulick
(1841–1897) also came to Hawaii.
The Gulicks went to Kobe, Japan to join his sons in 1874 where he died December 8, 1877.
Fanny died May 24, 1883 in Kobe. They had 8 children who traveled throughout the world.
was born in Honolulu on June 10, 1828, married Louisa Lewis October 29, 1850, became a missionary physician and died on April 8, 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts
. Their son Sidney Lewis Gulick
(1860–1945) was a minister in Japan and educator in the US. Sidney's son also named Luther Halsey Gulick
(1892–1993) was a social scientist. Their son Luther Halsey Gulick Jr.
(1865–1918) was a physician who founded Camp Fire Girls
and supervised the invention of basketball
. Luther Jr.'s daughter Frances Gulick
(1891–1936) operated a canteen for servicemen near the front lines of World War I
.
Son Orramel Hinckley Gulick was born in Honolulu October 7, 1830, married Ann Eliza Clark (1833–1938), daughter of missionary Ephraim Weston Clark (1799–1878), became a missionary to Japan, returned to Hawaii, and died September 18, 1923. They published a history of the missions in 1918.
Son John Thomas Gulick was born March 13, 1832 on Kauai, became a missionary and biologist and died April 14, 1923. He exchanged ideas on some of the early theories of evolution
with Charles Darwin
.
Son Charles Finney Gulick was born April 10, 1834 in Honolulu and died January 18, 1854 in Glenhaven, New York
before he could attend college.
Son William Hooker Gulick was born November 18, 1835 on Kauai. He first traveled to Venezuela
and Colombia
. He married Alice Gordon Kitteredge December 12, 1871 and became a missionary to Spain in 1871. They founded Instituto Internacional in Madrid
as a school for girls in 1892.
He moved to Boston
in 1919 where he died April 14, 1922.
Son Theodore Weld Gulick was born May 8, 1837 (named for Theodore Dwight Weld
), married Mary Agnes Thompson in 1867. He trained as a dentist, but became a missionary to various places from Kyoto
, Japan to Milwaukee, Wisconsin
. He died April 7, 1924 in Long Beach, California
. Their son Walter Vose Gulick, (April 14, 1870–February 10, 1922) became a physician and author in Washington State.
Son Thomas Lafron Gulick was born April 10, 1839, married Alice E. Walbridge (1844–1911) in 1872, and joined his brother William in Spain in 1873. In 1883 they left Spain and worked in Cuba
, Las Vegas
, and New Mexico
. They returned to Hawaii in 1886 and was pastor of Makawao Union Church
1887–1892. In 1893 they moved to Philadelphia where she was matron and he chaplain at the Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
.
On an expedition with Samuel Thomas Alexander
and Annie Montague Alexander
to Africa
, he died on August 15, 1904 in Kijabe
, Kenya
.
Daughter Julia Ann Eliza Gulick was born June 5, 1845, and moved with her parents to live with Orramel in Kobe in 1874. She worked as a missionary there, until returning to Honolulu and working with Japanese people in Hawaii, and died in 1936.
She, Orramel, John, and Sidney are buried in the Mission House
cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church.
Since Julia had not yet been born when Luther Halsey left for the United States in 1840, the family never was all together in the same place at one time.
All the children except Luther graduated from Punahou School
Luther served as a trustee from 1865-1870.
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. He was patriarch of a family that also carried on the tradition of missionary work, and included several scientists.
Life
Peter Johnson Gulick was born March 12, 1796 in Freehold Borough, New JerseyFreehold Borough, New Jersey
Freehold is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 12,052. It is the county seat of Monmouth County....
.
He enrolled in Lawrenceville School
Lawrenceville School
The Lawrenceville School is a coeducational, independent preparatory boarding school for grades 9–12 located on in the historic community of Lawrenceville, in Lawrence Township, New Jersey, U.S., five miles southwest of Princeton....
from 1820 to 1822.
Along with James Brainerd Taylor (1801–1829) and two other students, Gulick helped found Princeton University
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....
's Philadelphian Society of Nassau Hall
Nassau Hall
Nassau Hall is the oldest building at Princeton University in the borough of Princeton, New Jersey . At the time it was built in 1754, Nassau Hall was the largest building in colonial New Jersey. Designed originally by Robert Smith, the building was subsequently remodeled by notable American...
(1825–1930, now called Princeton Evangelical Fellowship).
He graduated from Princeton in 1825, and the Princeton Theological Seminary
Princeton Theological Seminary
Princeton Theological Seminary is a theological seminary of the Presbyterian Church located in the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey in the United States...
in 1827.
On September 5, 1827 he married Frances "Fanny" Hinckley Thomas who was born April 16, 1798 in Lebanon, Connecticut
Lebanon, Connecticut
Lebanon is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 6,907 at the 2000 census. The town lies just to the northwest of Norwich, north of New London, and east of Hartford...
. His father was John Gulick (1766–1838) and mother was Lydia Combs (1768–1836).
He was ordained as a Presbyterian minister on October 3, 1827.
On November 3, 1827 they left Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...
as part of the third company of missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was the first American Christian foreign mission agency. It was proposed in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College and officially chartered in 1812. In 1961 it merged with other societies to form the United Church Board for World...
.
They arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii
Honolulu is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii. Honolulu is the southernmost major U.S. city. Although the name "Honolulu" refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and county government are consolidated as the City and...
on March 30, 1828 and were first assigned to the mission at Waimea
Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii
Waimea is a census-designated place in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 1,787 at the 2000 census...
on the island of Kauai
Kauai
Kauai or Kauai, known as Tauai in the ancient Kaua'i dialect, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of , it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the 21st largest island in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle",...
. In 1835 they moved to Kōloa
Koloa, Hawaii
Kōloa is a census-designated place in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 1,942 at the 2000 census. Kōloa is often incorrectly translated as native duck, which is the correct translation for the similar-looking koloa . Kōloa has no known translation...
on Kauai, where the Kōloa sugar plantation
Old Sugar Mill of Koloa
The Old Sugar Mill of Kōloa was part of the first commercially successful sugar plantation in Hawaii, which was founded in Kōloa in 1835 by Ladd & Company. This was the beginning of what would become Hawaii's largest industry. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December...
had just been started by Ladd & Co.
Ladd & Co.
Ladd & Company was an early business partnership in the Kingdom of Hawaii.Its founders were William Ladd , Peter Allen Brinsmade , and William Northey Hooper...
After the Ladd company failed in 1843 they moved to the island of Molokai
Molokai
Molokai or Molokai is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles in size with a land area of , making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of...
where they assisted Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was an early protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii from the United States. With his three sons, he and his wife started a family that would influence Hawaii's history. He had at least three namesakes in the subsequent generations.-Life:Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was...
and his wife Rebecca Howard Hitchcock. In 1847 they moved to Waialua on the island of Oahu
Oahu
Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast...
. In 1857 they moved to Honolulu.
His brother William Gulick married Fanny's sister Eliza Throop Thomas (1804–1903) and their son Charles T. Gulick
Charles T. Gulick
Charles Thomas Gulick was a politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was one of the few members of missionary families to side with the monarchy in the 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.-Life:...
(1841–1897) also came to Hawaii.
The Gulicks went to Kobe, Japan to join his sons in 1874 where he died December 8, 1877.
Fanny died May 24, 1883 in Kobe. They had 8 children who traveled throughout the world.
Descendants
Son Luther Halsey GulickLuther Halsey Gulick Sr.
Luther Halsey Gulick Sr. was a missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii, and several other places. Although educated in medicine, in later life he became a newspaper editor while several of his children became active in public health.-Life:...
was born in Honolulu on June 10, 1828, married Louisa Lewis October 29, 1850, became a missionary physician and died on April 8, 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts
Springfield, Massachusetts
Springfield is the most populous city in Western New England, and the seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers; the western Westfield River, the eastern Chicopee River, and the eastern...
. Their son Sidney Lewis Gulick
Sidney Gulick
Sidney Lewis Gulick was an educator, author, and missionary who spent much of his life working to promote greater understanding and friendship between Japanese and American cultures.-Biography:...
(1860–1945) was a minister in Japan and educator in the US. Sidney's son also named Luther Halsey Gulick
Luther Gulick (social scientist)
-Life:Luther Halsey Gulick was born January 17, 1892 in Osaka, Japan.His father was congregationalist missionary Sidney Lewis Gulick and his mother was Clara May Gulick. He shared his name with his grandfather, missionary Luther Halsey Gulick Sr. , and uncle physician Luther Halsey Gulick Jr....
(1892–1993) was a social scientist. Their son Luther Halsey Gulick Jr.
Luther Gulick (physician)
Luther Halsey Gulick, Jr. MD was an American physical education instructor, international basketball official, and founder with his wife of the Camp Fire Girls, an international youth organization now known as Camp Fire USA.-Life:...
(1865–1918) was a physician who founded Camp Fire Girls
Camp Fire USA
Camp Fire USA, originally Camp Fire Girls of America, is a nationwide American youth organization that began in 1910. The organization has been co-ed since 1975 and welcomes youth from pre-kindergarten through age 21. Camp Fire was the first nonsectarian, multicultural organization for girls in...
and supervised the invention of basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
. Luther Jr.'s daughter Frances Gulick
Frances Gulick
Frances Jewett Gulick was an American Y.M.C.A. welfare worker who was awarded a United States Army citation for valor and courage on the field during the aerial bombardment of Varmaise, Oise, France in World War I. She was attached to the First Engineers in Europe, and was operating a canteen at...
(1891–1936) operated a canteen for servicemen near the front lines of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.
Son Orramel Hinckley Gulick was born in Honolulu October 7, 1830, married Ann Eliza Clark (1833–1938), daughter of missionary Ephraim Weston Clark (1799–1878), became a missionary to Japan, returned to Hawaii, and died September 18, 1923. They published a history of the missions in 1918.
Son John Thomas Gulick was born March 13, 1832 on Kauai, became a missionary and biologist and died April 14, 1923. He exchanged ideas on some of the early theories of evolution
Evolution
Evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
with Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
.
Son Charles Finney Gulick was born April 10, 1834 in Honolulu and died January 18, 1854 in Glenhaven, New York
Whitestown, New York
Whitestown is a town in Oneida County, New York, USA. The population was 18,635 at the 2000 census. The name is derived from Judge Hugh White, an early settler.The Town of Whitestown is immediately west of Utica, New York...
before he could attend college.
Son William Hooker Gulick was born November 18, 1835 on Kauai. He first traveled to Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
and Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
. He married Alice Gordon Kitteredge December 12, 1871 and became a missionary to Spain in 1871. They founded Instituto Internacional in Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
as a school for girls in 1892.
He moved to Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...
in 1919 where he died April 14, 1922.
Son Theodore Weld Gulick was born May 8, 1837 (named for Theodore Dwight Weld
Theodore Dwight Weld
Theodore Dwight Weld , was one of the leading architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years, from 1830 through 1844.Weld played a role as writer, editor, speaker, and organizer...
), married Mary Agnes Thompson in 1867. He trained as a dentist, but became a missionary to various places from Kyoto
Kyoto
is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.-History:...
, Japan to Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the...
. He died April 7, 1924 in Long Beach, California
Long Beach, California
Long Beach is a city situated in Los Angeles County in Southern California, on the Pacific coast of the United States. The city is the 36th-largest city in the nation and the seventh-largest in California. As of 2010, its population was 462,257...
. Their son Walter Vose Gulick, (April 14, 1870–February 10, 1922) became a physician and author in Washington State.
Son Thomas Lafron Gulick was born April 10, 1839, married Alice E. Walbridge (1844–1911) in 1872, and joined his brother William in Spain in 1873. In 1883 they left Spain and worked in Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
, Las Vegas
Las Vegas metropolitan area
The Las Vegas Valley is the heart of the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA also known as the Las Vegas–Paradise–Henderson MSA which includes all of Clark County, Nevada, and is a metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada. The Valley is defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a ...
, and New Mexico
New Mexico
New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
. They returned to Hawaii in 1886 and was pastor of Makawao Union Church
Makawao Union Church
Makawao Union Church is a church near Makawao on the Hawaiian island of Maui. It was founded by New England missionary Jonathan Smith Green during the Kingdom of Hawaii. The third historic structure used by the congregation was designed by noted local architect C.W. Dickey and dedicated in 1917 as...
1887–1892. In 1893 they moved to Philadelphia where she was matron and he chaplain at the Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
Penn Presbyterian Medical Center is a hospital located in the University City section of West Philadelphia. It is located between Market Street and Powelton Avenue, and N. 38th Street and N. Sloan Street....
.
On an expedition with Samuel Thomas Alexander
Samuel Thomas Alexander
Samuel Thomas Alexander co-founded a major agricultural and transportation business in the Kingdom of Hawaii.-Early life:In November 1831, the Reverend William Patterson Alexander and Mary Ann McKinney Alexander arrived in April 1832 as missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands...
and Annie Montague Alexander
Annie Montague Alexander
Annie Montague Alexander was an American philanthropist and paleontological collector. She established the University of California Museum of Paleontology , Museum of Vertebrate Zoology , and financed their collections as well as a series of paleontological expeditions to the western United States...
to Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, he died on August 15, 1904 in Kijabe
Kijabe
Kijabe is a town in Kenya. Its name is Maasai for "Place of the Wind". It stands on the edge of the Great Rift Valley at an altitude of 2200m, some 50 kilometres north-west of Nairobi. Kijabe is located in the Lari division of Kiambu District. Kijabe has a population 17,334 . Kijabe has a railway...
, Kenya
Kenya
Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
.
Daughter Julia Ann Eliza Gulick was born June 5, 1845, and moved with her parents to live with Orramel in Kobe in 1874. She worked as a missionary there, until returning to Honolulu and working with Japanese people in Hawaii, and died in 1936.
She, Orramel, John, and Sidney are buried in the Mission House
Mission Houses Museum
The Mission Houses Museum at 553 South King Street in Honolulu, Hawaii, was established in 1920 by the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society, a private, non-profit organization and genealogical society, on the 100th anniversary of the arrival of the first Christian missionaries in Hawaii...
cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church.
Since Julia had not yet been born when Luther Halsey left for the United States in 1840, the family never was all together in the same place at one time.
All the children except Luther graduated from Punahou School
Punahou School
Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private, co-educational, college preparatory school located in Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu in the U.S. State of Hawaii...
Luther served as a trustee from 1865-1870.