Phazotron
Encyclopedia
JSC
Phazotron (Phazotron-NIIR, ОАО «Корпорация «Фазотрон-НИИР»), is Russia
's largest developer of military radar
s and avionics
. Named after one of the major projects and the most important one it was involved in, the first cosmotron
in the former-USSR, it was first formed in 1917 to produce aviation instruments. Its main office is in Moscow
and it has 25 affiliated companies, branches and separate units in Moscow and other cities in Russia, Ukraine
and Belarus
. It employs an estimated 5000 employees. During the Soviet era, it was commonly known as the Scientific Research Institute of Radar
, NII Radar or NIIR (Not to be confused with NII Radio, also NIIR
).
One of its former chief designer was Adolf Tolkachev
, who became an American spy and over the years between 1979 and 1985, supplied a great deal of information about such projects R-23
, R-24
, R-33
, R-27, and R-60
, S-300, as well as about fighter-interceptor aircraft radars used on MiG-29, MiG-31, and Su-27 and other avionics directly to the CIA.
The main competitor of Phazotron in former Soviet Union
and Russia
is the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design
, or NIIP, and both design houses were briefly joined but then separated again.
Joint stock company
A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company...
Phazotron (Phazotron-NIIR, ОАО «Корпорация «Фазотрон-НИИР»), is Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
's largest developer of military radar
Radar
Radar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
s and avionics
Avionics
Avionics are electronic systems used on aircraft, artificial satellites and spacecraft.Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to meet individual roles...
. Named after one of the major projects and the most important one it was involved in, the first cosmotron
Cosmotron
The Cosmotron was a particle accelerator, specifically a proton synchrotron, at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Its construction was approved by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1948, it reached its full energy in 1953, and it continued running until 1968...
in the former-USSR, it was first formed in 1917 to produce aviation instruments. Its main office is in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and it has 25 affiliated companies, branches and separate units in Moscow and other cities in Russia, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
and Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
. It employs an estimated 5000 employees. During the Soviet era, it was commonly known as the Scientific Research Institute of Radar
Radar
Radar is an object-detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio...
, NII Radar or NIIR (Not to be confused with NII Radio, also NIIR
NIIR
FSUE NII Radio or NIIR is a Soviet/Russian Scientific Research Institute created in 1949 by a decree of the Soviet Government.-Description:...
).
One of its former chief designer was Adolf Tolkachev
Adolf Tolkachev
Adolf Georgievich Tolkachev Адольф Георгиевич Толкачёв was a Soviet Union electronics engineer who provided key documents to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency over the years between 1979 and 1985...
, who became an American spy and over the years between 1979 and 1985, supplied a great deal of information about such projects R-23
Vympel R-23
The Vympel R-23 is a medium-range air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union for fighter aircraft. An updated version with greater range, the R-24, replaced it in service...
, R-24
Vympel R-23
The Vympel R-23 is a medium-range air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union for fighter aircraft. An updated version with greater range, the R-24, replaced it in service...
, R-33
Vympel R-33
The Vympel R-33 is a long-range air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union. It is the primary armament of the MiG-31 interceptor, intended to attack large high-speed targets such as the SR-71 Blackbird, the B-1 Lancer bomber, and the B-52 Stratofortress....
, R-27, and R-60
Molniya R-60
The Molniya R-60 is a lightweight air-to-air missile designed for use by Soviet fighter aircraft. It has been widely exported, and remains in service with the CIS and many other nations....
, S-300, as well as about fighter-interceptor aircraft radars used on MiG-29, MiG-31, and Su-27 and other avionics directly to the CIA.
The main competitor of Phazotron in former Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
is the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design
Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design
JSC V.V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design is a joint stock company, one of the major Russian enterprises in the development of weaponry control systems for fighter planes and mobile medium range anti-aircraft SAM defense vehicles.The institute was created on March 1,...
, or NIIP, and both design houses were briefly joined but then separated again.