Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Encyclopedia
Margrave Philip II of Baden (born: 19 February 1559 in Baden-Baden
; died: 7 June 1588 in Baden-Baden
), was from 1571 to 1588 Margrave
of the Margraviate of Baden
-Baden. He was the son of the Protestant Margrave Philibert
of Baden-Baden and the Catholic Mechthild of Bavaria
.
Philip's father, Philibert, died in early in October 1569 during the Battle of Montcontour. The 10-year-old Philip and his one year older sister Jakobea
were then raised by their guardian
, his uncle Albert V of Bavaria
. Albert gave Philip a strictly Catholic education. At the University of Ingolstadt
, Philip was educated in the spirit of the Counter Reformation.
Philibert had promised his subjects freedom of religion, but after his death, this freedom was more and more restricted by his widow and his son, who were strongly influenced by their Catholic upbringing. Even during the regency
of his uncle and guardian
Duke Albert V, the Catholic
rite was reintroduced Margraviate of Baden-Baden in the years 1570/71. After he took up government, Philip's first decree
was that all citizens of Baden-Baden had to visit church service
s, under threat of severe penalties.
Philip dismantled the New Castle at Baden-Baden (the one built in 1579) and built a more magnificent, Renaissance
style, castle on the same spot. This increased his debts considerably. An inventory made in 1582 borught to light, in addition to 218 musical instrument
s, a debt of . Philip tried to recude these debts by rearraging the commercial sector and increasing taxes. Thus, the economy of the margraviate gradually came to resemble a planned economy
.
A dark chapter in the history of Baden-Baden are the witch-hunts
, that took place during his reign. They began during the Bavarian regency, but their number increased considerably during Philips's reign. The last witch hunt under Philip II took place in 1580; 18 women were burnt at the stake in the districts of Rastatt
, Baden-Baden and Kuppenheim
.
When Philip died at the age of 29, he left no descendants, and was succeeded by his cousin Edward Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. Philip was buried in the Collegiate Church in Baden-Baden
.
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
; died: 7 June 1588 in Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
), was from 1571 to 1588 Margrave
Margrave
A margrave or margravine was a medieval hereditary nobleman with military responsibilities in a border province of a kingdom. Border provinces usually had more exposure to military incursions from the outside, compared to interior provinces, and thus a margrave usually had larger and more active...
of the Margraviate of Baden
Baden
Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
-Baden. He was the son of the Protestant Margrave Philibert
Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Margrave Philibert of Baden ruled the Margraviate of Baden-Baden from 1554 to 1569. Philibert was the son of the Margrave Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Franziska of Luxembourg....
of Baden-Baden and the Catholic Mechthild of Bavaria
Mechthild of Bavaria
Mechthild of Bavaria was a German noblewoman. She was the daughter of William IV, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Marie...
.
Philip's father, Philibert, died in early in October 1569 during the Battle of Montcontour. The 10-year-old Philip and his one year older sister Jakobea
Jakobea of Baden
Princess Jakobea of Baden was daughter of the Margrave Philibert of Baden-Baden and Mechthild of Bavaria...
were then raised by their guardian
Legal guardian
A legal guardian is a person who has the legal authority to care for the personal and property interests of another person, called a ward. Usually, a person has the status of guardian because the ward is incapable of caring for his or her own interests due to infancy, incapacity, or disability...
, his uncle Albert V of Bavaria
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
Albert V was Duke of Bavaria from 1550 until his death. He was born in Munich to William IV and Marie Jacobaea of Baden.-Early life:Albert was educated at Ingolstadt under good Catholic teachers...
. Albert gave Philip a strictly Catholic education. At the University of Ingolstadt
University of Ingolstadt
The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis the Rich, the Duke of Bavaria at the time, and its first Chancellor was the Bishop of Eichstätt. It consisted of five faculties: humanities, sciences, theology, law and medicine, all of which were contained in the Hoheschule...
, Philip was educated in the spirit of the Counter Reformation.
Philibert had promised his subjects freedom of religion, but after his death, this freedom was more and more restricted by his widow and his son, who were strongly influenced by their Catholic upbringing. Even during the regency
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of his uncle and guardian
Legal guardian
A legal guardian is a person who has the legal authority to care for the personal and property interests of another person, called a ward. Usually, a person has the status of guardian because the ward is incapable of caring for his or her own interests due to infancy, incapacity, or disability...
Duke Albert V, the Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
rite was reintroduced Margraviate of Baden-Baden in the years 1570/71. After he took up government, Philip's first decree
Decree
A decree is a rule of law issued by a head of state , according to certain procedures . It has the force of law...
was that all citizens of Baden-Baden had to visit church service
Church service
In Christianity, a church service is a term used to describe a formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing seventh-day Sabbatarianism. The church service is the gathering together of Christians to be...
s, under threat of severe penalties.
Philip dismantled the New Castle at Baden-Baden (the one built in 1579) and built a more magnificent, Renaissance
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not...
style, castle on the same spot. This increased his debts considerably. An inventory made in 1582 borught to light, in addition to 218 musical instrument
Musical instrument
A musical instrument is a device created or adapted for the purpose of making musical sounds. In principle, any object that produces sound can serve as a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument. The history of musical instruments dates back to the...
s, a debt of . Philip tried to recude these debts by rearraging the commercial sector and increasing taxes. Thus, the economy of the margraviate gradually came to resemble a planned economy
Planned economy
A planned economy is an economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a government agency...
.
A dark chapter in the history of Baden-Baden are the witch-hunts
Witch-hunts
-Track listing:#"Without Ceremony and Bell Toll" – 5:59#"Inside the Circle of Stones" – 6:38#"The Crow and the Warrior" – 4:21#"Dying to Meet you" – 6:14#"The Preacher Came to Town" – 7:16#"Burn, Witches, Burn" – 5:39#"Witch Hunters" – 5:31...
, that took place during his reign. They began during the Bavarian regency, but their number increased considerably during Philips's reign. The last witch hunt under Philip II took place in 1580; 18 women were burnt at the stake in the districts of Rastatt
Rastatt
Rastatt is a city and baroque residence in the District of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the Murg river, above its junction with the Rhine and has a population of around 50'000...
, Baden-Baden and Kuppenheim
Kuppenheim
Kuppenheim is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the river Murg, 5 km southeast of Rastatt, and 8 km north of Baden-Baden....
.
When Philip died at the age of 29, he left no descendants, and was succeeded by his cousin Edward Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. Philip was buried in the Collegiate Church in Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
.
External links
- http://www.bad-bad.de/gesch/philipp2.htm