Pierre Henri Hugoniot
Encyclopedia
Pierre-Henri Hugoniot
Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in Allenjoie
, Doubs
, France
on June 5, 1851 - died in 1887) who mostly lived in Montbéliard
, (Franche-Comté
). He was an inventor, mathematician
, and physicist
who worked on fluid mechanics
, especially on issues related to material shock.
After going into the marine artillery upon his graduation from the École Polytechnique
in 1872, Hugoniot became professor of mechanics and ballistics at the School of Artillery Lorient (1879-1882) and Deputy Director of the Central Laboratory of the artillery Navy (1882-1884). He was promoted to captain in January 1884, and in April was appointed assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the École polytechnique. He conducted, along with his colleague Hippolyte Sebert (1839-1930), research on the trigger gas accompanying the detonation of a cannon.
He invented the theory based on conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, which allowed for improvements in fluid flow studies (with applications to aerospace). The Rankine-Hugoniot equation
(or adiabatic dynamics of gas) has been named in his honor.
Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in Allenjoie
Allenjoie
Allenjoie is a commune in the Doubs department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France.-Population:-External links:*...
, Doubs
Doubs
Doubs is a department the Franche-Comté region of eastern France named after the Doubs River.-History:As early as the 13th century, inhabitants of the northern two-thirds of Doubs spoke the Franc-Comtois language, a dialect of Langue d'Oïl. Residents of the southern third of Doubs spoke a dialect...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
on June 5, 1851 - died in 1887) who mostly lived in Montbéliard
Montbéliard
Montbéliard is a city in the Doubs department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It is one of the two subprefectures of the department.-History:...
, (Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France...
). He was an inventor, mathematician
Mathematician
A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
, and physicist
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
who worked on fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids and the forces on them. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; fluid kinematics, the study of fluids in motion; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion...
, especially on issues related to material shock.
After going into the marine artillery upon his graduation from the École Polytechnique
École Polytechnique
The École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
in 1872, Hugoniot became professor of mechanics and ballistics at the School of Artillery Lorient (1879-1882) and Deputy Director of the Central Laboratory of the artillery Navy (1882-1884). He was promoted to captain in January 1884, and in April was appointed assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the École polytechnique. He conducted, along with his colleague Hippolyte Sebert (1839-1930), research on the trigger gas accompanying the detonation of a cannon.
He invented the theory based on conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, which allowed for improvements in fluid flow studies (with applications to aerospace). The Rankine-Hugoniot equation
Rankine-Hugoniot equation
The Rankine–Hugoniot conditions, also referred to as Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions or Rankine–Hugoniot relations, relate to the behaviour of shock waves traveling normal to the prevailing flow. They are named in recognition of the work carried out by Scottish engineer and physicist William John...
(or adiabatic dynamics of gas) has been named in his honor.