Pinarayi
Encyclopedia
Pinarayi is a census town
in Kannur district
in the India
n state
of Kerala
.
. The nearest town and railway station is Thalassery which is 8 km (5 mi) away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five panchayats: Kadirur, Dharmadam, Peralassery, Vengad, Kottayam and Erancholi. The Arabian sea
is just 5 km (3.1 mi) away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages Eruvatty and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 15 wards and almost all wards contains one or more primary schools.
and Kolathunadu
rulers were common in this village and many people died during these fights. Thus it is believed that the name Pinarayi derived from pinam (Malayalam from "dead body") and Azhi means fire where cremations carried out.
In the 1920s peasant
and teachers organizations were strong in this village and there was widespread support for the freedom movement
. As a part of the independence struggle, a boycott of foreign clothes was conducted in 1930, its leaders being AKG, AK Sankaran Nambiar, Kacherikkandi Chathukkutty and Thattari Kunhiraman. In 1938 seven thousand peasants marched from Pinarayi to Kottayam kovilakam
for reducing varam
and pattam (rent paid by peasants to landlords). The population of Pinarayi during that time was around 10,000. This was considered as the first instant of unified mass movement against landlordism. AKG, Kundancheri Kunhiraman master, NE Balaram, Pandyala Gopalan Master, Pinarayi Krishnan master and TV Govindan Nair were the leaders.
Pinarayi is considered as a Marxist bastion, and the first communist meeting was held at a place called ParaParam in Pinarayi and communist party formally constituted in this meeting.
for more than 150 years.
Kulathumkara village school that was established in the 1840s by Therela Kannan Gurikkal was later renamed as Therala lower primary school. However in 1992 the Kerala state government closed the school arguing that it was uneconomic.
The Roman Catholic Amala Basic UP school was founded in 1919 by a missionary by the name of Fernandes, the first school in the village to provide English-medium education, drawing students also from neighboring villages.
On 10 June 1977 a high school
was inaugurated at Pinarayi in the memory of the communist leader AKG. Its campus has an area of 3.15 acres (12,747.6 m²). Later this school was upgraded to higher secondary. High school and higher secondary studies are offered mainly by the A.K.G Memorial Higher secondary school. With the exception of this high school all the other schools were established in first part of 19th century. In total there are 9 lower primary schools and 6 upper primary schools and all these are under private management. There is no technical institution in the village. A computer training facility is offered by the Pinarayi Electronics Industrial co-operative society (PELISO). Three parallel colleges are there in this Panchayat.
manufacturing in which the co-operative society Dinesh has a monopoly. Pinarayi is an industrially backward village. Modern industrial establishments are not there.
Electricity reached this village in 1958 and was inaugurated by the then Electricity Minister of Kerala
VR Krishna Iyer.
, Pinarayi had a population of 15,828. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Pinarayi has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 88%, and female literacy is 85%. In Pinarayi, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Census town
In India, a census town is one which has:# A minimum population of 5,000# At least 75% of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits# A density of population of at least 400 persons per km2.In Ireland, a census town is;...
in Kannur district
Kannur district
Kannur District is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Kannur is the district headquarters, and gives the district its name. The old name Cannanore is the anglicised form of the Malayalam name Kannur. Kannur District is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north and...
in the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
of Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
.
Geography
Pinarayi is 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) from the district headquarters KannurKannur
Kannur , also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore, which is still in...
. The nearest town and railway station is Thalassery which is 8 km (5 mi) away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five panchayats: Kadirur, Dharmadam, Peralassery, Vengad, Kottayam and Erancholi. The Arabian sea
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...
is just 5 km (3.1 mi) away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages Eruvatty and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 15 wards and almost all wards contains one or more primary schools.
History
Hundreds of years ago feudal fights between Kottayam-MalabarKottayam-Malabar
Kottayam-Malabar is a census town in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala.-Demographics: India census, Kottayam-Malabar had a population of 17,500. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Kottayam-Malabar has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average...
and Kolathunadu
Kolathunadu
Kolathunādu was one of the three most powerful feudal kingdoms on the Malabar Coast during the arrival Portuguese Armadas to India along with Zamorin's Calicut and Venad. Kolathunād had its capital at Ezhimala and was ruled by Kolathiri royal family and roughly comprised the whole northern...
rulers were common in this village and many people died during these fights. Thus it is believed that the name Pinarayi derived from pinam (Malayalam from "dead body") and Azhi means fire where cremations carried out.
In the 1920s peasant
Peasant
A peasant is an agricultural worker who generally tend to be poor and homeless-Etymology:The word is derived from 15th century French païsant meaning one from the pays, or countryside, ultimately from the Latin pagus, or outlying administrative district.- Position in society :Peasants typically...
and teachers organizations were strong in this village and there was widespread support for the freedom movement
Swadesh
Swadesh may refer to* A Swadesh list, named after its creator, Morris Swadesh* Swadesh in Hindi means "one's own country"* The movie Swades- People :* Swadesh Bharati , Award winning Hindi poet...
. As a part of the independence struggle, a boycott of foreign clothes was conducted in 1930, its leaders being AKG, AK Sankaran Nambiar, Kacherikkandi Chathukkutty and Thattari Kunhiraman. In 1938 seven thousand peasants marched from Pinarayi to Kottayam kovilakam
Kovilakam
Kovilakam is a term that denotes to the principal manor/estate/palace of a princely lineages of Kerala, India. This is the residence, where all who have not succeeded to get Rajaship remain under the management of the eldest resident male or female member of that particular branch of the family...
for reducing varam
Varam
Varam is a census town in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. Situated on Kannur Mysore Highway, 12 km from Kannur town.- Demographics :...
and pattam (rent paid by peasants to landlords). The population of Pinarayi during that time was around 10,000. This was considered as the first instant of unified mass movement against landlordism. AKG, Kundancheri Kunhiraman master, NE Balaram, Pandyala Gopalan Master, Pinarayi Krishnan master and TV Govindan Nair were the leaders.
Pinarayi is considered as a Marxist bastion, and the first communist meeting was held at a place called ParaParam in Pinarayi and communist party formally constituted in this meeting.
Panchayat Presidents
- 1957-1961 Krishnan.p.m(un united pinarayi)
- 1961-1964 Kunhukutty master
- 1964-1967 TV Achuthan Nair
- 1967-1979 P Nanu
- 1979-1994 Pandyala Gopalan master
- 1995-2005 Kakkoth Rajan
- 2005-2010 V Leela
- From 2010 Konki Raveendran
Education
Pinarayi has had primary educationPrimary education
A primary school is an institution in which children receive the first stage of compulsory education known as primary or elementary education. Primary school is the preferred term in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth Nations, and in most publications of the United Nations Educational,...
for more than 150 years.
Kulathumkara village school that was established in the 1840s by Therela Kannan Gurikkal was later renamed as Therala lower primary school. However in 1992 the Kerala state government closed the school arguing that it was uneconomic.
The Roman Catholic Amala Basic UP school was founded in 1919 by a missionary by the name of Fernandes, the first school in the village to provide English-medium education, drawing students also from neighboring villages.
On 10 June 1977 a high school
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
was inaugurated at Pinarayi in the memory of the communist leader AKG. Its campus has an area of 3.15 acres (12,747.6 m²). Later this school was upgraded to higher secondary. High school and higher secondary studies are offered mainly by the A.K.G Memorial Higher secondary school. With the exception of this high school all the other schools were established in first part of 19th century. In total there are 9 lower primary schools and 6 upper primary schools and all these are under private management. There is no technical institution in the village. A computer training facility is offered by the Pinarayi Electronics Industrial co-operative society (PELISO). Three parallel colleges are there in this Panchayat.
Economy
The main occupation is BeediBeedi
A beedi is a thin, South Asian cigarette filled with tobacco flake and wrapped in a tendu leaf tied with a string at one end.The word comes from beeda, Marwari for a leaf wrapped in betel nuts, herbs, and condiments....
manufacturing in which the co-operative society Dinesh has a monopoly. Pinarayi is an industrially backward village. Modern industrial establishments are not there.
Electricity reached this village in 1958 and was inaugurated by the then Electricity Minister of Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
VR Krishna Iyer.
Co-operative societies
But Co-operative sector is very strong and it compensated to industrial backwardness to an extent. This village is considered to be having the highest number of Co-operative societies in Pinarayi Vijayan-Leader of masses India. Around 35 co-operative societies are there in this village. First co-operative society of this village was started in 1922. Totally there are 3 credit societies, 16 industrial co-operative societies, 6 school co-operative societies and 2 others. Peoples are the ultimate decision makers and investors in these societies. These societies are providing service in almost every aspect of life like banking, education, printing, milk and public distributions, garments manufacturing, hotels, health care, recreations, markets and stores, manufacturing, Information Technology etc. Pinarayi Service co-operative bank, Pinarayi Industrial co-operative society, Pinarayi beedi workers Industrial co-operative society (DINESH), Pinarayi women's multi Industrial co-operative society are leading co-operative societies. More than 2000 peoples are working in beedi manufacturing sector.Pole casting unit in Pinarayi Industrial co-operative society manufactures 7 m, 8m and 9 m pre stressed concrete poles and supplies to Kerala State Electricity Board for using in the construction of distribution lines.Peoples Planning Programme
Peoples Planning Programme revolutionized the development of the Panchayat. Pinarayi grama panchayat was chosen as the best panchayat in the district. Its grama sabha meetings registered a consistently high attendance, its 121 neighborhood committees have been active, it has achieved a 100 per cent revenue and tax collection record, and its utilization of plan funds - especially those in the productive sector - has been outstanding. It has been particularly successful in the implementation of its total sanitation programme whereby 2,500 houses have been provided with private latrines. This panchayat is a busy, focused unit of administration that has its ears to the ground. In coming years it is our responsibility to prove that we are among the best in the country.Demographics
As of 2001 India censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, Pinarayi had a population of 15,828. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Pinarayi has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 88%, and female literacy is 85%. In Pinarayi, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.