Polyarny District
Encyclopedia
Polyarny District was an administrative division (a district
) of Murmansk Okrug
of Leningrad Oblast
of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
, and later of Murmansk Oblast
, which existed in 1927–1960.
It was established as Alexandrovsky District on August 1, 1927, when the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
(VTsIK) issued two Resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast". According to these resolutions, Murmansk Governorate
was transformed into Murmansk Okrug, which was divided into six districts (Alexandrovsky being one of them) and included into Leningrad Oblast
. The administrative center of the district was in the selo of Alexandrovskoye (Polyarnoye), and later in Murmansk
.
On July 31, 1930, the administrative commission of the Leningrad Executive Committee granted the district the status of an ethnic Finnish district. The Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee confirmed this decision on January 7, 1931.
On November 20, 1930, the Presidium of the VTsIK issued a resolution prescribing to rename those districts of the Russian SFSR which share a name with another district. Consequently, in December 1930, Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee asked the Alexandrovsky District Executive Committee to come up with a new name for the district; one which would be representative of local geographical and ethnic conditions. On January 12, 1931, the Third Congress of the Soviets of Alexandrovsky District issued a resolution, renaming the district "Polyarny"; the village of Alexandrovskoye was renamed Polyarnoye. The new name, which literally means "polar", was explained by the fact that of all the districts of Leningrad Oblast, Polyarny is the closest to the North Pole
and experiences polar night
s in winter. On March 5, 1931 the new name was approved by the administrative commission of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee, and on March 11, 1931—by its Presidium.
Due to ongoing military construction in Polyarnoye, the Presidium of the District Executive Committee passed a Resolution on December 8, 1934 to move the administrative center of the district from Polyarnoye to Murmansk. The move was completed by the beginning of 1935.
Also in 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which was approved by the Resolution of the 4th Plenary Session of the Murmansk Okrug Committee of the VKP(b)
on December 28-29, 1934 and by the Resolution of the Presidium of the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee on February 2, 1935. On February 15, 1935, the VTsIK approved the redistricting of the okrug into seven districts, but did not specify what territories the new districts were to include. On February 26, 1935, the Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee worked out the details of the new district scheme and issued a resolution, which transferred Minkinsky Selsoviet of former Kolsko-Loparsky District to Polyarny District. At the same time, the administrative center of Polyarny District was moved from Polyarnoye to Sayda-Guba.
After the Winter War
of 1939–1940, the western parts of the Rybachy and Sredny Peninsulas were ceded by Finland
to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty. By the July 13, 1940 Decision of the Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, these territories were appended to Polyarny District.
On April 18, 1951, the work settlement of Vayenga was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction and renamed Severomorsk
. On April 26, 1951, by the Decision of Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities of Polyarny District were passed into its jurisdiction.
By the June 14, 1956 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR
, the town of Polyarny was demoted in status to that of a town under district jurisdiction and subordinated to Polyarny District.
The district was abolished by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 9, 1960. The district's territory was divided between Kolsky
, Pechengsky
, and Teribersky District
s, with the town of Polyarny being administratively subordinated to the town of Severomorsk.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
) of Murmansk Okrug
Murmansk Okrug
Murmansk Okrug was an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, which existed in 1927–1938.-Creation:The okrug was established on August 1, 1927, when the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued two Resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the...
of Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, and later of Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , located in the northwestern part of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk.-Geography:...
, which existed in 1927–1960.
It was established as Alexandrovsky District on August 1, 1927, when the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
All-Russian Central Executive Committee
All-Russian Central Executive Committee , was the highest legislative, administrative, and revising body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Although the All-Russian Congress of Soviets had supreme authority, in periods between its sessions its powers were passed to VTsIK...
(VTsIK) issued two Resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast". According to these resolutions, Murmansk Governorate
Murmansk Governorate
Murmansk Governorate was an administrative division of the early Russian SFSR which existed in 1921–1927. The governorate was established on the territory of former Alexandrovsky Uyezd of Arkhangelsk Governorate by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Decree issued on June 13, 1921...
was transformed into Murmansk Okrug, which was divided into six districts (Alexandrovsky being one of them) and included into Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
. The administrative center of the district was in the selo of Alexandrovskoye (Polyarnoye), and later in Murmansk
Murmansk
Murmansk is a city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It serves as a seaport and is located in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russia's borders with Norway and Finland...
.
On July 31, 1930, the administrative commission of the Leningrad Executive Committee granted the district the status of an ethnic Finnish district. The Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee confirmed this decision on January 7, 1931.
On November 20, 1930, the Presidium of the VTsIK issued a resolution prescribing to rename those districts of the Russian SFSR which share a name with another district. Consequently, in December 1930, Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee asked the Alexandrovsky District Executive Committee to come up with a new name for the district; one which would be representative of local geographical and ethnic conditions. On January 12, 1931, the Third Congress of the Soviets of Alexandrovsky District issued a resolution, renaming the district "Polyarny"; the village of Alexandrovskoye was renamed Polyarnoye. The new name, which literally means "polar", was explained by the fact that of all the districts of Leningrad Oblast, Polyarny is the closest to the North Pole
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the northern hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface...
and experiences polar night
Polar night
The polar night occurs when the night lasts for more than 24 hours. This occurs only inside the polar circles. The opposite phenomenon, the polar day, or midnight sun, occurs when the sun stays above the horizon for more than 24 hours.-Description:...
s in winter. On March 5, 1931 the new name was approved by the administrative commission of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee, and on March 11, 1931—by its Presidium.
Due to ongoing military construction in Polyarnoye, the Presidium of the District Executive Committee passed a Resolution on December 8, 1934 to move the administrative center of the district from Polyarnoye to Murmansk. The move was completed by the beginning of 1935.
Also in 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which was approved by the Resolution of the 4th Plenary Session of the Murmansk Okrug Committee of the VKP(b)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
on December 28-29, 1934 and by the Resolution of the Presidium of the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee on February 2, 1935. On February 15, 1935, the VTsIK approved the redistricting of the okrug into seven districts, but did not specify what territories the new districts were to include. On February 26, 1935, the Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee worked out the details of the new district scheme and issued a resolution, which transferred Minkinsky Selsoviet of former Kolsko-Loparsky District to Polyarny District. At the same time, the administrative center of Polyarny District was moved from Polyarnoye to Sayda-Guba.
After the Winter War
Winter War
The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 – three months after the start of World War II and the Soviet invasion of Poland – and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty...
of 1939–1940, the western parts of the Rybachy and Sredny Peninsulas were ceded by Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty. By the July 13, 1940 Decision of the Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, these territories were appended to Polyarny District.
On April 18, 1951, the work settlement of Vayenga was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction and renamed Severomorsk
Severomorsk
Severomorsk is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located about north of Murmansk along the Kola Bay. Population: This is the main administrative base of the Russian Northern Fleet. Severomorsk has the largest drydock on the Kola Peninsula....
. On April 26, 1951, by the Decision of Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities of Polyarny District were passed into its jurisdiction.
By the June 14, 1956 Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR
Supreme Soviet of Russia
The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR , later Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990; in 1990–1993 it was a permanent parliament, elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation.The Supreme Soviet of...
, the town of Polyarny was demoted in status to that of a town under district jurisdiction and subordinated to Polyarny District.
The district was abolished by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 9, 1960. The district's territory was divided between Kolsky
Kolsky District
Kolsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the five in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Kola Peninsula and borders with the Barents Sea in the north and Finland in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is...
, Pechengsky
Pechengsky District
Pechengsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the five in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is located to the northwest of the Kola Peninsula on the coast of the Barents Sea and borders with Finland in the south and southwest and with Norway in the west, northwest, and north...
, and Teribersky District
Teribersky District
Teribersky District , also known as Severomorsky District was an administrative division of Murmansk Okrug of Leningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and later of Murmansk Oblast, which existed in 1927–1963....
s, with the town of Polyarny being administratively subordinated to the town of Severomorsk.