Posušje
Encyclopedia
Posušje is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina
, located in the West Herzegovina Canton
of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
entity.
word for drought
) .The area of Posušje was historically dry area with water-supply problems. The problem was solved building an artificial lake in Tribistovo in 1989.
conducted in 1991 placed the population of the Posušje town at 3,913 residents, of which 3,838 were Croats
.
, 54 km from Mostar
,10 km from Imotski
and 71 km from Makarska
.
mountain) is at 2228 m, and the area around the lake Blidinje
1050 meters and more.
inhabited the region.
) and middle (Mesolithic
) periods of Stone Age, the period of primitive man hunter and wild berries collector, in the area of Posušje municipality were not found traces of human beings.
In the early period (Neolithic
) stone age in southern Europe the way of human life significantly changed became a farmer and cattleman, built a permanent settlement,and was making ceramics. From this period, from his older sub-period, in the municipality Posušje, there are remains a human beings from sites Vučje Njive (Wolves fields) , Iličinova Lazina, Prataruša and Žukovia cave in Vir.
In the younger Neolithic in this region has dominated Hvar-lisičić culture .Its remainings in the area of the municipality Posušje were found in localities: Brig next Bagaruša, Mostina (Batin), Sridnji Brig (Gradac), Central (Gradac and Vrijovički brig (Gradac). In Copper age (2400–1800 BC ), there was prevailing "stringy ceramics" so-Herzegovina, belonging to such sites: Nečajno and Trostruka gradina (triple fort) between Posušje and Grude
.
groups and the beginning of the new groups, the metal age in this region is, caused primarily by great migration of Indo-Europeans that took place in the last centuries of 3rd . and beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. This great migration, like the other before and later, also happened in steps, and her third and last step, completed the occupation of the area between the Sava and the Adriatic Sea. From then on the immigrant culture and indigenous people mix, new types of settlements , ruins, and very closed communities are being created. As a typical example of such a Bronze Age culture, is set aside, in this region, the dominant "Cetina culture" mostly in central Dalmatia, and in some segments quite similar to her "Posušje culture", mainly by widespread Herzegovina, central and northern part of Dalmatia.
(8th century BC - 9 years AD) is the genesis completion time and the time of Illyrian tribes and communities forming , their touches via trade with Apenine peninsula, the Greeks
, and a number of bloody wars with the Romans. Municipality Posušje certainly belonged to the Illyrian tribe Dalmatae. Dalmatae
were very warlike and livestock people, and in a series of wars during the 2nd and 1st century BC , gave the huge resistance to the great Roman state. Neither large Gaius Julius Caesar
did not succeed to defeat them. It succeeded, after great difficulty, and thousands of casualties, the first Roman emperor Octavian Augustus. Roman impression by Dalmatae caused them later to name the whole province, much higher than territory of Dalmatae
, after them (Dalmatia ) .
From the Iron Age in the Posušje municipality area there is a huge number of ruins, the typical settlement of Dalmatae and over today Posušje and Vir field is considered to be an important trade route went from the commercial port Narona (Vid near Metković
) to the town of Delminium ( today Tomislavgrad
in Duvno field) , the main center of Illyric tribes. The money, "drachma Dyrahija", found in Vir
, supports this theory.Prominent archaeologist Zdravko Marić claimed that the Vir is one of the most important cultural sites in the territory of Dalmatae. Another prominent archaeologist Borivoj Čović has classified the area of Posušje in the "central Illyrian territory."
were also an important road junction. A road direction from Vir
, below Zavelim
and towards Vinica and later towards Aržano
, has been marked as a safe one.
In Roman times in the entire Posušje municipality area there were settlements, forts and cemeteries. Among the most important settlements was, most probably Gradac, where were two forts and settlement, the well-known late antique Christian basilica (4th -5th century), while in the area of Čitluk there was a Roman Villa Rustica
. In the Čitluk area , near Orlov kuk, there has been also a Roman fort as well as in the Plišivica on Vinjani, while in the Vir such fort was on the site of Gradina above the Glavica. In Tribistovo have been found two Roman forts as well as in Sutina in Rakitno, while in Petrovići there were fort and basilica. In the area of Zagorje, however, there were found coins of the emperors Constantine I
and Valens
.
, then King of the Kingdom of Croatia
. The entire Posušje area at this time belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia, which among other things, is proved by the Old Croatian-style graves around the early Christian basilica in Gradac.
In later periods (the early and late Middle Ages), Posušje was predominately ruled by the noble family Nelipić
from Sinj
, with their rule being interchanged with the House of Kotromanić
. The name Posušje is first mentioned in written document are 1378, in the parliaments description invited by Margareta, widow of the nobleman Ivan Nelipić who was owner of Posušje. Another mentioning of Posušje dates in 1403 in a document related to the commercial relations of Republic of Dubrovnik and Kingdom of Bosnia
. It is important to note that in the third mentioning of Posušje was in the 1408, in the Charter of the Bosnian King Stjepan Ostoja
where Posušje was called „župa“ (county, parish). Soon after, King Ostoja gave Radivojević Posušje. Later period are blamed to the weak kings of Bosnia and the powerful Croatian-Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg. Feudal anarchy, torn apart by the Croatian regions, and the Ottomans rather easily at 1463 have conquered Bosnia.
Herzegovina was conquered by the Ottoman Empire
completely in 1482 with the battle of Herceg-Novi, but the year of Posušjes downfall is attributed to the Krbava battle in 1493. The last Posušje settlement and the last Heregovina settlement conquered by Turks was Vir. The defenders of Vir had a chain of defence forts above Vir and managed to resist up to 1513.
dates from one news from the end of February 1470.With Ottoman conquests the area of this sanjak has been spreading. This sanjak has been of Rumelia elayet
until the 1580 when it was merged into the newly formed Bosnian pashalik
and remained inside of it until 1833. Sanjak
s were divided on smaller administration area :qadi
s and nahiyas. All the land in the area of Posušje has become the property of sultan who has been sharing it among his subordinated noblemen. The name Čitluk
village dates from this period. Posušje area in the subsequent liberation wars in the 17th century, has become the border area between the Ottoman Empire and Venice, and as such had suffered a lot.
and Stjepan Jovanović led the invasion. Austria-Hungary has established protectorate and later in 1908. has annexed the country. Authorities of A-U were trying to improve the economy and literacy in the country. In the 1886./18887. it has been opened elementary school Rakitno in Poklečani. In the 1903./04. a school in Vir started to work.Later schools have also been opened in city of Posušje , Gradac and other places .Special legacy for education of the local people goes to fra Didak Buntić
.
In the 1918. Posušje has been included into the newly composed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In the 1939. based Cvetković–Maček Agreement was formed Banovina Hrvatska in which was included Posušje area. During NDH
1941- 1945., the area of the current municipality has been divided between Great county of Hum and Great county of Pliva-Rama.
fortress of Gradac
, the remains of Roman roads, over 20 Latin inscriptions on stone, Early Christian basilica of IV. century, discovered and preserved 1971st - 1976. And almost every village, at least one stećci necropolis with a medieval tombstones.
In the Rastovača
, near Posušje born Fra Grgo Martić, a famous Franciscan and famous poet, who celebrated its avengers, consecration and memories. Renown was his protest, the Congress of Berlin read:
In the area of Posušje, was born also fra Petar Bakula, a tireless architect, writer and scientist. This clergeman wrote 27 works.
The huge church in downtown of Posušje is named after Virgin Mary.
There are clubs for most popular sports (football and basketball
) . NK Posušje
compets in Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and KK Posušje The football fans from Posušje carry name Poskoci
–after the most dangerous viper in the area (poskok-plural poskoci= Vipera ammodytes
) as the word game with Posušje. Bowling
club Posušje-with modern hall exists couple of years and traditional Bocce
clubs-typicall for mediterranean areas.
In 2006 a golf club was founded in Posušje by Ivan "Cigo" Manduric.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
, located in the West Herzegovina Canton
West Herzegovina Canton
The West Herzegovina Canton or West Herzegovina County is one of the 10 cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Geography and population:It is located in the south of the country. It has a total area of 1,362 km2 and 81,523 inhabitants...
of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...
entity.
Name
Name Posušje is derived from suša (CroatianCroatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
word for drought
Drought
A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region...
) .The area of Posušje was historically dry area with water-supply problems. The problem was solved building an artificial lake in Tribistovo in 1989.
Municipality
| Ethnic Composition | |||||||||||||
| Year | Croats Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
% | Serbs Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
% | Bosniaks Bosniaks The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia... |
% | Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora... |
% | Others | % | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 16,778 | 99.38% | 58 | 0.34% | 15 | 0.08% | 8 | 0.04% | 23 | 0.13% | 16,882 | ||
| 1981 | 16,298 | 99.04% | 34 | 0.20% | 15 | 0.09% | 71 | 0.43% | 37 | 0.22% | 16,455 | ||
| 1991 | 16,963 | 99.00% | 9 | 0.05% | 6 | 0.03% | 26 | 0.15% | 130 | 0.75% | 17,134 | ||
Town
The last censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
conducted in 1991 placed the population of the Posušje town at 3,913 residents, of which 3,838 were Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
.
Position
Posušje is 29 km from Široki BrijegŠiroki Brijeg
-Name:The name of the city means "the wide hill" in Croatian . The city is also sometime referred to as "Široki Brig" and among the inhabitants of Herzegovina simply as "Široki" . Between 1945 and 1990, the name was officially Lištica, after the river that flows through it.-Geography:The river...
, 54 km from Mostar
Mostar
Mostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the largest and one of the most important cities in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
,10 km from Imotski
Imotski
Imotski , is a small town situated on the northern side of Biokovo massif, Dalmatian hinterland, Croatia. The town was first mentioned as Imotski for the first time in the 10th century and it was held by the Turks from the fall of Bosnia until 1717 when it was captured by the Venetians. The town...
and 71 km from Makarska
Makarska
Makarska is a small town on the Adriatic coastline of Croatia, about southeast of Split and northwest of Dubrovnik. It has a population of 13,716 residents. Administratively Makarska has the status of a town and it is part of the Split-Dalmatia County....
.
Altitude
Posušje field is located at an altitude of about 610 m, Vir field at about 520 m, Rakitno at about 900 m, Pločno (peak of ČvrsnicaCvrsnica
Čvrsnica is a mountain in the Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in northern Herzegovina, most of the mountain is located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton municipalities of Mostar and Jablanica while the smaller part of the mountain, around 10 % is located in the municipality of Posušje...
mountain) is at 2228 m, and the area around the lake Blidinje
Blidinje
Blidinje is a Nature park in Bosnia and Herzegovina, established on 30 April 1995.- Geography and hydrology :It is a spacious valley, 3–5 km long, situated at an elevation of 1.150-1.300 meters a.s.l., between Čvrsnica and Vran mountains with a total area of 364 km² and 3 municipalities...
1050 meters and more.
Climate
Climate in Posušje differs from the parts of the community. While in the city of Posušje and Vir in the south is sub-Mediterranean climate (with a continental influence), in the northern part of the municipality, in areas Rakitno, Tribistovo and Blidinje is dominating continental and mountain climate . Therefore it might have been told Posušje on natural boundary between the sub-Mediterranean and continental climate.History
There has been settlement in the area since pre-Slavic times when the IllyriansIllyrians
The Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula...
inhabited the region.
Stone age
From the older (PaleolithicPaleolithic
The Paleolithic Age, Era or Period, is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered , and covers roughly 99% of human technological prehistory...
) and middle (Mesolithic
Mesolithic
The Mesolithic is an archaeological concept used to refer to certain groups of archaeological cultures defined as falling between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic....
) periods of Stone Age, the period of primitive man hunter and wild berries collector, in the area of Posušje municipality were not found traces of human beings.
In the early period (Neolithic
Neolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
) stone age in southern Europe the way of human life significantly changed became a farmer and cattleman, built a permanent settlement,and was making ceramics. From this period, from his older sub-period, in the municipality Posušje, there are remains a human beings from sites Vučje Njive (Wolves fields) , Iličinova Lazina, Prataruša and Žukovia cave in Vir.
In the younger Neolithic in this region has dominated Hvar-lisičić culture .Its remainings in the area of the municipality Posušje were found in localities: Brig next Bagaruša, Mostina (Batin), Sridnji Brig (Gradac), Central (Gradac and Vrijovički brig (Gradac). In Copper age (2400–1800 BC ), there was prevailing "stringy ceramics" so-Herzegovina, belonging to such sites: Nečajno and Trostruka gradina (triple fort) between Posušje and Grude
Grude
Grude is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina.- Geography :Grude is 49 kilometers from Mostar,19 kilometers from Imotski, and 100 km from Split....
.
Metal age
Dissolution of the NeolithicNeolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
groups and the beginning of the new groups, the metal age in this region is, caused primarily by great migration of Indo-Europeans that took place in the last centuries of 3rd . and beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. This great migration, like the other before and later, also happened in steps, and her third and last step, completed the occupation of the area between the Sava and the Adriatic Sea. From then on the immigrant culture and indigenous people mix, new types of settlements , ruins, and very closed communities are being created. As a typical example of such a Bronze Age culture, is set aside, in this region, the dominant "Cetina culture" mostly in central Dalmatia, and in some segments quite similar to her "Posušje culture", mainly by widespread Herzegovina, central and northern part of Dalmatia.
Bronze age
In the Bronze Age life was flourished in the Posušje municipality area. That theory is supported by numeorus sites and settlements from this period , even 32 of them.Iron age
Iron AgeIron Age
The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with other changes in society, including differing...
(8th century BC - 9 years AD) is the genesis completion time and the time of Illyrian tribes and communities forming , their touches via trade with Apenine peninsula, the Greeks
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
, and a number of bloody wars with the Romans. Municipality Posušje certainly belonged to the Illyrian tribe Dalmatae. Dalmatae
Dalmatae
The Dalmatae or Delmatae were an ancient people who inhabited the core of what would then become known as Dalmatia after the Roman conquest - now the eastern Adriatic coast in Croatia, between the rivers Krka and Neretva...
were very warlike and livestock people, and in a series of wars during the 2nd and 1st century BC , gave the huge resistance to the great Roman state. Neither large Gaius Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
did not succeed to defeat them. It succeeded, after great difficulty, and thousands of casualties, the first Roman emperor Octavian Augustus. Roman impression by Dalmatae caused them later to name the whole province, much higher than territory of Dalmatae
Dalmatae
The Dalmatae or Delmatae were an ancient people who inhabited the core of what would then become known as Dalmatia after the Roman conquest - now the eastern Adriatic coast in Croatia, between the rivers Krka and Neretva...
, after them (Dalmatia ) .
From the Iron Age in the Posušje municipality area there is a huge number of ruins, the typical settlement of Dalmatae and over today Posušje and Vir field is considered to be an important trade route went from the commercial port Narona (Vid near Metković
Metkovic
Metković is a city in the Dubrovnik-Neretva county of Croatia, located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the river Neretva and on the border with Herzegovina.-Demographics:...
) to the town of Delminium ( today Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad is a town and municipality in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Herzegovina region.- Name :...
in Duvno field) , the main center of Illyric tribes. The money, "drachma Dyrahija", found in Vir
Vir
Vir is an island on the Croatian coast of Adriatic sea located north of the city of Zadar. It is connected to the mainland via a road bridge. The only village on the island is the eponymous village of Vir, with a population of 1,608 .-Overpopulation:...
, supports this theory.Prominent archaeologist Zdravko Marić claimed that the Vir is one of the most important cultural sites in the territory of Dalmatae. Another prominent archaeologist Borivoj Čović has classified the area of Posušje in the "central Illyrian territory."
Roman Empire
Romans, after the occupation of this area, have been developing villages near the former Illyrian settlements. Settlements have been connected with its famous roads whose rare remains are today still visible in the municipality Posušje.Roman road Gradac - Tribistovo - Poklečani - Petrović has been documented as a verified safe route . On the other hand, archaeologists Ballif and Patsch claim that VinjaniVinjani
Vinjani is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Posušje....
were also an important road junction. A road direction from Vir
Vir (Posušje)
Vir is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Posušje....
, below Zavelim
Zavelim
Zavelim is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Posušje....
and towards Vinica and later towards Aržano
Aržano
Aržano is a small village in Dalmatinska Zagora, Croatia, situated near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina at an altitude of 650 meters. The estimated population within a seven kilometer radius of the area is 754. The population has been dwindling in recent years...
, has been marked as a safe one.
In Roman times in the entire Posušje municipality area there were settlements, forts and cemeteries. Among the most important settlements was, most probably Gradac, where were two forts and settlement, the well-known late antique Christian basilica (4th -5th century), while in the area of Čitluk there was a Roman Villa Rustica
Villa rustica
Villa rustica was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate . The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa...
. In the Čitluk area , near Orlov kuk, there has been also a Roman fort as well as in the Plišivica on Vinjani, while in the Vir such fort was on the site of Gradina above the Glavica. In Tribistovo have been found two Roman forts as well as in Sutina in Rakitno, while in Petrovići there were fort and basilica. In the area of Zagorje, however, there were found coins of the emperors Constantine I
Constantine I
Constantine the Great , also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, Constantine and co-Emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of all...
and Valens
Valens
Valens was the Eastern Roman Emperor from 364 to 378. He was given the eastern half of the empire by his brother Valentinian I after the latter's accession to the throne...
.
Middle ages
In the 7th century Croats appeared on the historical stage establishing their first principalities, mainly TomislavTomislav
King Tomislav was a ruler of Croatia in the Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King of the Croatian Kingdom in 925–928....
, then King of the Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)
The Kingdom of Croatia , also known as the Kingdom of the Croats , was a medieval kingdom covering most of what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans.Established in 925, it ruled as a sovereign state for almost two centuries...
. The entire Posušje area at this time belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia, which among other things, is proved by the Old Croatian-style graves around the early Christian basilica in Gradac.
In later periods (the early and late Middle Ages), Posušje was predominately ruled by the noble family Nelipić
House of Nelipić
The House of Nelipić, also called Nelipac or Nelipčić were a medieval Croatian noble family from Dalmatian Zagora in Croatia. They were greatly involved in political situations in Dalmatia, and in Bosnia...
from Sinj
Sinj
Sinj is a town in the continental part of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. The town itself has a population of 11,448, while the population of the administrative municipality which includes surrounding villages is 24,832 ....
, with their rule being interchanged with the House of Kotromanić
House of Kotromanic
The Kotromanić dynasty was a ruling house that ruled in the medieval Bosnia and the surrounding lands, from the 13th century as Bans until the crowning with the Bosnian crowns in 1377 and then as kings until the Ottoman conquest conquest in 1463....
. The name Posušje is first mentioned in written document are 1378, in the parliaments description invited by Margareta, widow of the nobleman Ivan Nelipić who was owner of Posušje. Another mentioning of Posušje dates in 1403 in a document related to the commercial relations of Republic of Dubrovnik and Kingdom of Bosnia
Kingdom of Bosnia
The Kingdom of Bosnia or the Bosnian Kingdom was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Balkans, existing between 1377 and 1463.- Establishment :...
. It is important to note that in the third mentioning of Posušje was in the 1408, in the Charter of the Bosnian King Stjepan Ostoja
Stjepan Ostoja
Stephen Ostoja was Bosnian King from 1398 to 1404 and from 1409 to 1418.-Family connections:He was a member of the House of Kotromanić, son of Tvrtko and grandson of Vladislav of Kotroman and his wife, Jelena Šubić from the Croatian noble Šubić family...
where Posušje was called „župa“ (county, parish). Soon after, King Ostoja gave Radivojević Posušje. Later period are blamed to the weak kings of Bosnia and the powerful Croatian-Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg. Feudal anarchy, torn apart by the Croatian regions, and the Ottomans rather easily at 1463 have conquered Bosnia.
Herzegovina was conquered by the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
completely in 1482 with the battle of Herceg-Novi, but the year of Posušjes downfall is attributed to the Krbava battle in 1493. The last Posušje settlement and the last Heregovina settlement conquered by Turks was Vir. The defenders of Vir had a chain of defence forts above Vir and managed to resist up to 1513.
Otoman Empire 1513. – 1878.
The first mentioning of Herzegovina sanjakHerzegovina Province, Ottoman Empire
The Eyalet of Herzegovina was an Ottoman eyalet from 1833 to 1851. Its last capital was Mostar.-History:In 1831, Bosnian kapudan Husein Gradaščević occupied Travnik, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia...
dates from one news from the end of February 1470.With Ottoman conquests the area of this sanjak has been spreading. This sanjak has been of Rumelia elayet
Rumelia
Rumelia was an historical region comprising the territories of the Ottoman Empire in Europe...
until the 1580 when it was merged into the newly formed Bosnian pashalik
Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire
The Bosnia Vilayet was an Ottoman vilayet, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as most of Slavonia, Lika and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. It bordered Kosovo Vilayet to the south. Before the administrative reform in 1864, it was called the...
and remained inside of it until 1833. Sanjak
Sanjak
Sanjaks were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. Sanjak, and the variant spellings sandjak, sanjaq, and sinjaq, are English transliterations of the Turkish word sancak, meaning district, banner, or flag...
s were divided on smaller administration area :qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
s and nahiyas. All the land in the area of Posušje has become the property of sultan who has been sharing it among his subordinated noblemen. The name Čitluk
Čitluk (Posušje)
Čitluk is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Posušje.-References:...
village dates from this period. Posušje area in the subsequent liberation wars in the 17th century, has become the border area between the Ottoman Empire and Venice, and as such had suffered a lot.
Austro-Hungary and 20th century
In the 1878. , after Herzegovinian rebellion against Turks in which people from Posušje have participated , the army of Austria-Hungary has conquered Bosnia and Herzegovina. The army of Austria-Hungary was mostly composed of Croats and the Croatian generals Josip FilipovićJosip Filipović
Josip Filipović, Freiherr von Philippsberg, also Josef von Philippovich or Joseph Philippovich was a Croatian high-ranking general in the Austrian army....
and Stjepan Jovanović led the invasion. Austria-Hungary has established protectorate and later in 1908. has annexed the country. Authorities of A-U were trying to improve the economy and literacy in the country. In the 1886./18887. it has been opened elementary school Rakitno in Poklečani. In the 1903./04. a school in Vir started to work.Later schools have also been opened in city of Posušje , Gradac and other places .Special legacy for education of the local people goes to fra Didak Buntić
Didak Buntic
Fra Didak Buntić was a Croatian friar and educator from Herzegovina.Buntic was born on October 9, 1871. The next day he was baptized as Franjo Buntić. He entered the Franciscan order in 1888 and finished seminary in 1894....
.
In the 1918. Posušje has been included into the newly composed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In the 1939. based Cvetković–Maček Agreement was formed Banovina Hrvatska in which was included Posušje area. During NDH
NDH
The letters NDH can mean:* The Independent State of Croatia * New German Hardness, or Neue Deutsche Härte * National Dairy Holdings L.P.* In ads for used vehicles, particularly aircraft: No damage history...
1941- 1945., the area of the current municipality has been divided between Great county of Hum and Great county of Pliva-Rama.
Culture
In this area there are many cultural and historical monuments, among them being the old ruins from the Neolithic Age and the Illyrian, RomanRoman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
fortress of Gradac
Gradac
Gradac ; , is the southernmost touristic locality of the Makarska riviera in southern Dalmatia, Croatia, located between Makarska and Ploče. It is about 42 kilometers from Makarska, situated halfway between Split and Dubrovnik....
, the remains of Roman roads, over 20 Latin inscriptions on stone, Early Christian basilica of IV. century, discovered and preserved 1971st - 1976. And almost every village, at least one stećci necropolis with a medieval tombstones.
In the Rastovača
Rastovača
Rastovača is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Posušje.-References:...
, near Posušje born Fra Grgo Martić, a famous Franciscan and famous poet, who celebrated its avengers, consecration and memories. Renown was his protest, the Congress of Berlin read:
In the area of Posušje, was born also fra Petar Bakula, a tireless architect, writer and scientist. This clergeman wrote 27 works.
Monuments
In the downtown of Posušje is placed a monument in a tribute to Croatian defenders of Posušje. On the road to Blidinje from the west side of town is a monument to 'Vlado the Builder', a mythical figure in Posušjian lore, renowned for his contributions to the local Prosciutto and Rakija culture.The huge church in downtown of Posušje is named after Virgin Mary.
Sport
In Posušje there are lots of sport clubs.There are clubs for most popular sports (football and basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
) . NK Posušje
NK Posušje
HŠK Posušje is a defunct football club based in Posušje, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The club is in the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was founded in 1950. The club plays at the Mokri Dolac Stadium which has a capacity of 8,000...
compets in Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top football league in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the country's most prestigious level of football competition currently contested by 16 clubs with last two teams relegated at the end of every season....
and KK Posušje The football fans from Posušje carry name Poskoci
Poskoci
Poskoci is the organisation of football supporters of the Croat-backed club NK Posušje. They also support the basketball club KK Posušje.The fan club's name was given in 2000 during a match against Čapljina's football squad. Poskoci means Horned Vipers in English...
–after the most dangerous viper in the area (poskok-plural poskoci= Vipera ammodytes
Vipera ammodytes
Vipera ammodytes is a venomous viper species found in southern Europe through to the Balkans and parts of the Middle East. It is reputed to be the most dangerous of the European vipers due to its large size, long fangs and high venom toxicity...
) as the word game with Posušje. Bowling
Bowling
Bowling Bowling Bowling (1375–1425; late Middle English bowle, variant of boule Bowling (1375–1425; late Middle English bowle, variant of boule...
club Posušje-with modern hall exists couple of years and traditional Bocce
Bocce
Bocce is a ball sport belonging to the boules sport family, closely related to bowls and pétanque with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire...
clubs-typicall for mediterranean areas.
In 2006 a golf club was founded in Posušje by Ivan "Cigo" Manduric.