Powys Wenwynwyn
Encyclopedia
Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was the southern portion of the former princely state of Powys which split following the death of Madog ap Maredudd
of Powys in 1160. The realm had been split, with the northern portion (Maelor) going to Gruffydd Maelor
and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Fadog
and the southern portion (Cyfeiliog) going to Owain Cyfeiliog
and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Wenwynwyn after Prince Gwenwynwyn ab Owain
, its second ruler.
Powys Wenwynwyn and Gwynedd
became bitter rivals in the years that followed with the former frequently allying itself with England
to further its own aims in weakening the latter.
Gwenwynwyn seized the cantref of Arwystli
in 1197 when he was aligned with England. Following the marriage of Llywelyn the Great
and Joan of England in 1208, warfare broke out once more between Gwenwynwyn and Llywelyn. In 1212 Gwenwynwyn's ancient royal seat at Mathrafal
was destroyed and he was evicted from his territories. He changed allegiances again and was restored to his realm in 1215 making a new capital at Welshpool
. In 1216 he was defeated in battle with the forces of Llywelyn and fled to England, where he died shortly afterwards. He was succeeded by his son.
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was forced to submit to Llywelyn Fawr in 1216. Like his father he repeatedly switched allegiances and was invested with the lordships of Arwystli, Cyfeiliog, Mawddwy, Caereinion, Y Tair Swydd and Upper Mochnant by Henry III of England
in 1241.
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn married Hawise daughter of John Le Strange of Salop in 1241. He transferred his allegiance back to Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
in 1263 before returning to England's protection again after 1276 following a failed plot to murder Prince Llywelyn in collusion with his rival's own brother, Dafydd ap Gruffydd
. His forces commanded by his son Owen
mobilised during the Welsh War of 1282–1283 with those of John Le Strange and Hugh le Despenser
and it was their soldiers who ambushed and killed the last native Prince of Wales
near Builth on that fateful day in 1282.
had already been deposed for fighting on the wrong side). In return for surrendering the principality he received it again from the king as a free Baron of England "sub nomine et tenura liberi Baronagii Angliæ, resignando Domino Regi heredibus suis et Coronæ Angliæ nomen et circulum principatus." The date should be accepted with reserve because Owen did not succeed his father in possession till 1286 - it is possible that Owen was acting on his father's behalf who was by now an old man. It is from about this time that the former princely family began using the Normanized surname de la Pole in favour of Welsh patronymics. The name derives from Pool (now called Welshpool
), his principal town.
in 1284 all of the other old princely titles in Wales also ceased to exist and henceforth, with the exception of the Kingdom of Scotland
after 1344, the English Crown did not recognise the title of "prince" or "king" in any native dynasty other than their own. However, the principality continued as a marcher lordship.
The ruling family of Powys did survive in the children and future descendants of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, henceforth known as the de la Pole family who dwelt at the newly built Powis Castle
. In 1293 Owen died and was succeeded by his son Griffith de la Pole who died without heirs in 1309. Following this the lordship was inherited (according to English law) by his sister Hawise "Gadarn" (often simply referred to as The Lady of Powis) and on her death in 1353 the lordship passed to her descendants, the de Cherleton family and thenceforth out of native Welsh hands, rather than to the heirs male (according to Welsh law).
His heiresses were:
. However the lordship continued to exist as a great landed estate.
The estate then descended to successive holders of the titles, Baron Powis, Marquess of Powis
, and Earl of Powis
(q.v.).
(ap Gruffydd) had several brothers, whom he enfeoffed as his feudal tenants with lordships within his own lordship. However none of them left issue except William de la Pole (of Mawddwy)
, who had the lordship of Mawddwy
, comprising that parish and most of Mallwyd
. There descendants of the ancient princes of Powys were lords for several generations, until the lordship passed to an heiress and then was divided between four coheiresses. One of these coheiress, Elisabeth de Burgh married Sir John Lingen d 1506 and their descendants still exist today.
Certain genealogical sources have claimed (though apparently without reliable sources) that Owen de la Pole had other sons, including an alleged William de la Pole (rather than the historical Gruffydd de la Pole), who succeeded to the lordship on Owen's death in 1293. Some have sought to identify him with the father of William de la Pole (of Hull)
, who may possibly also have been called William, but whose name is not certainly known. However, the link is most improbable, the merchants' surname probably being derived from a place near Hull. William de la Pole and his brother Richard were successful merchants from Hull
, who rose to become royal financiers under Edward II
and Edward III
, William's son Michael being created 1st Earl of Suffolk
.
Madog ap Maredudd
Madog ap Maredudd was the last Prince of the entire Kingdom of Powys, Wales and for a time held the Fitzalan Lordship of Oswestry.Madog was the son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn and grandson of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. He followed his father on the throne of Powys in 1132...
of Powys in 1160. The realm had been split, with the northern portion (Maelor) going to Gruffydd Maelor
Gruffydd Maelor
Gruffydd Maelor was Prince of Powys Fadog in Wales.He is known as Gruffydd Maelor I to distinguish him from his grandson, Gruffydd Maelor II .- Lineage :He was a son of Madog ap Maredudd by Susanna, daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan...
and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Fadog
Powys Fadog
Powys Fadog or Lower Powys was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys which split in two following the death of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in 1160...
and the southern portion (Cyfeiliog) going to Owain Cyfeiliog
Owain Cyfeiliog
Owain ap Gruffydd was a prince of the southern part of Powys and a poet. He is usually known as Owain Cyfeiliog to distinguish him from other rulers named Owain, particularly his contemporary, Owain ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd, who is known as Owain Gwynedd.Owain was the son of Gruffydd ap Maredudd and...
and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Wenwynwyn after Prince Gwenwynwyn ab Owain
Gwenwynwyn ab Owain
Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog was the last major ruler of mid Wales before the completion of the Norman English invasion.- Lineage :...
, its second ruler.
Powys Wenwynwyn and Gwynedd
Kingdom of Gwynedd
Gwynedd was one petty kingdom of several Welsh successor states which emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages, and later evolved into a principality during the High Middle Ages. It was based on the former Brythonic tribal lands of the Ordovices, Gangani, and the...
became bitter rivals in the years that followed with the former frequently allying itself with England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
to further its own aims in weakening the latter.
Princes of Powys Wenwynwyn
- 1160–1195 Owain CyfeiliogOwain CyfeiliogOwain ap Gruffydd was a prince of the southern part of Powys and a poet. He is usually known as Owain Cyfeiliog to distinguish him from other rulers named Owain, particularly his contemporary, Owain ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd, who is known as Owain Gwynedd.Owain was the son of Gruffydd ap Maredudd and...
married dau. of Owain GwyneddOwain GwyneddOwain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd , in English also known as Owen the Great, was King of Gwynedd from 1137 until his death in 1170. He is occasionally referred to as "Owain I of Gwynedd"; and as "Owain I of Wales" on account of his claim to be King of Wales. He is considered to be the most successful of...
and abdicated in 1195. - 1195–1216 Gwenwynwyn ab OwainGwenwynwyn ab OwainGwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog was the last major ruler of mid Wales before the completion of the Norman English invasion.- Lineage :...
Gwenwynwyn seized the cantref of Arwystli
Arwystli
Arwystli was a cantref in medieval Wales, located in the headland of the River Severn in what is now the county of Powys. It was chiefly associated with the Kingdom of Powys, but was heavily disputed between Powys, Gwynedd, and the Norman Marcher Lords for hundreds of years, and was the scene of...
in 1197 when he was aligned with England. Following the marriage of Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great , full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales...
and Joan of England in 1208, warfare broke out once more between Gwenwynwyn and Llywelyn. In 1212 Gwenwynwyn's ancient royal seat at Mathrafal
Mathrafal
Mathrafal near Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales, was the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1212 by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth of Gwynedd.- Location :...
was destroyed and he was evicted from his territories. He changed allegiances again and was restored to his realm in 1215 making a new capital at Welshpool
Welshpool
Welshpool is a town in Powys, Wales, or ancient county Montgomeryshire, from the Wales-England border. The town is low-lying on the River Severn; the Welsh language name Y Trallwng literally meaning 'the marshy or sinking land'...
. In 1216 he was defeated in battle with the forces of Llywelyn and fled to England, where he died shortly afterwards. He was succeeded by his son.
- 1216–1286 Gruffydd ap GwenwynwynGruffydd ap GwenwynwynGruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was a Welsh prince who was lord of the part of Powys known as Powys Wenwynwyn.Gruffydd was the son of Gwenwynwyn ab Owain and Margaret Corbet. He was still a child when his father, who had been driven out of his princedom by Llywelyn the Great, died in exile in 1216...
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was forced to submit to Llywelyn Fawr in 1216. Like his father he repeatedly switched allegiances and was invested with the lordships of Arwystli, Cyfeiliog, Mawddwy, Caereinion, Y Tair Swydd and Upper Mochnant by Henry III of England
Henry III of England
Henry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...
in 1241.
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn married Hawise daughter of John Le Strange of Salop in 1241. He transferred his allegiance back to Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd may refer to:*Llywelyn the Last *Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Fychan...
in 1263 before returning to England's protection again after 1276 following a failed plot to murder Prince Llywelyn in collusion with his rival's own brother, Dafydd ap Gruffydd
Dafydd ap Gruffydd
Dafydd ap Gruffydd was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 by King Edward I of England...
. His forces commanded by his son Owen
Owen de la Pole
Owen de la Pole , also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, was the heir presumptive to the Welsh principality of Powys Wenwynwyn until 1283 when it was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury. He became the 1st Lord of Powis after the death of his father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn c...
mobilised during the Welsh War of 1282–1283 with those of John Le Strange and Hugh le Despenser
Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester
Hugh le Despenser , sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England....
and it was their soldiers who ambushed and killed the last native Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the 15 other independent Commonwealth realms...
near Builth on that fateful day in 1282.
End of the Principality
Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn alias de la Pole (i.e. of Welshpool); allegedly surrendered the principality of Powys to Edward I at the Parliament of Shrewsbury in 1283 (his rival in Powys FadogPowys Fadog
Powys Fadog or Lower Powys was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys which split in two following the death of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in 1160...
had already been deposed for fighting on the wrong side). In return for surrendering the principality he received it again from the king as a free Baron of England "sub nomine et tenura liberi Baronagii Angliæ, resignando Domino Regi heredibus suis et Coronæ Angliæ nomen et circulum principatus." The date should be accepted with reserve because Owen did not succeed his father in possession till 1286 - it is possible that Owen was acting on his father's behalf who was by now an old man. It is from about this time that the former princely family began using the Normanized surname de la Pole in favour of Welsh patronymics. The name derives from Pool (now called Welshpool
Welshpool
Welshpool is a town in Powys, Wales, or ancient county Montgomeryshire, from the Wales-England border. The town is low-lying on the River Severn; the Welsh language name Y Trallwng literally meaning 'the marshy or sinking land'...
), his principal town.
The Lordship of Powys
After the Statute of RhuddlanStatute of Rhuddlan
The Statute of Rhuddlan , also known as the Statutes of Wales or as the Statute of Wales provided the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of North Wales from 1284 until 1536...
in 1284 all of the other old princely titles in Wales also ceased to exist and henceforth, with the exception of the Kingdom of Scotland
Kingdom of Scotland
The Kingdom of Scotland was a Sovereign state in North-West Europe that existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England...
after 1344, the English Crown did not recognise the title of "prince" or "king" in any native dynasty other than their own. However, the principality continued as a marcher lordship.
The ruling family of Powys did survive in the children and future descendants of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, henceforth known as the de la Pole family who dwelt at the newly built Powis Castle
Powis Castle
Powis Castle is a medieval castle, fortress and grand country mansion located near the town of Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales.The residence of the Earl of Powis, the castle is known for its extensive, attractive formal gardens, terraces, parkland, deerpark and landscaped estate...
. In 1293 Owen died and was succeeded by his son Griffith de la Pole who died without heirs in 1309. Following this the lordship was inherited (according to English law) by his sister Hawise "Gadarn" (often simply referred to as The Lady of Powis) and on her death in 1353 the lordship passed to her descendants, the de Cherleton family and thenceforth out of native Welsh hands, rather than to the heirs male (according to Welsh law).
Marcher Lords of Powys
- Gruffydd ap GwenwynwynGruffydd ap GwenwynwynGruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was a Welsh prince who was lord of the part of Powys known as Powys Wenwynwyn.Gruffydd was the son of Gwenwynwyn ab Owain and Margaret Corbet. He was still a child when his father, who had been driven out of his princedom by Llywelyn the Great, died in exile in 1216...
also known as Gruffydd de la Pole (d.1286 or 1287) - Owen de la PoleOwen de la PoleOwen de la Pole , also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, was the heir presumptive to the Welsh principality of Powys Wenwynwyn until 1283 when it was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury. He became the 1st Lord of Powis after the death of his father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn c...
, his son (d.1293) (see also: William de la Pole (of Mawddwy)William de la Pole (of Mawddwy)Sir William de la Pole was the fourth son of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn and would have inherited the principality of Powys Wenwynwyn, if it had continued to descend in the male line according to Welsh law, instead of having been surrendered to Edward I and regranted to his father as a marcher lordship...
) - Gruffydd de la Pole, his son (d. 1309)
- Hawise Gadarn, Lady of Powys married John Charleton, 1st Baron CherletonJohn Charleton, 1st Baron CherletonJohn Charleton , 1st Baron Cherleton, 1st Lord Charlton of Powys came from a family of minor landowners near Wellington, Shropshire...
, (1268–1353) - John Charleton, 2nd Baron CherletonJohn Charleton, 2nd Baron CherletonJohn Charleton , 2nd Baron Cherleton, 2nd Lord Charlton of Powys succeeded his father to the title in 1353. He married Maud Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March and Joan de Geneville, before 13 April 1319...
(died 1360) - John Charleton, 3rd Baron CherletonJohn Charleton, 3rd Baron CherletonJohn Charleton , 3rd Baron Cherleton, 4th Lord Charlton of Powys . His marriage with a daughter of Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford had been arranged by his grandfather in 1343...
(1334 – 13 Jul 1374) - John Charleton, 4th Baron CherletonJohn Charleton, 4th Baron CherletonJohn Charleton , 4th Baron Cherleton, 4th Lord Charlton of Powys...
(1362–1401) - Edward Charleton, 5th Baron CherletonEdward Charleton, 5th Baron CherletonEdward Charleton , 5th Baron Cherleton, KG , 5th and last Lord Charlton of Powys, was the younger son of John Charlton, the third baron, and his wife, Joan, daughter of Lord Stafford....
K.G. (1371–1421), his brother.
His heiresses were:
- Joan de Cherleton (c.1400–1425) wife of John Grey, 1st Earl of TankervilleJohn Grey, 1st Earl of TankervilleJohn Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville, 6th Lord of Powys jure uxoris, KG was an English peer and eminent soldier in the Hundred Years' War between England and France under Henry V of England.-Family:...
whose son was- Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of TankervilleHenry Grey, 2nd Earl of TankervilleHenry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville, 7th Lord of Powys was an English peer. He was the son of John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville and his wife Joan Charleton, co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powys.-Life:...
whose son was - Richard Grey, 3rd Earl of TankervilleRichard Grey, 3rd Earl of TankervilleRichard Grey, 3rd Earl of Tankerville, 8th Lord of Powys fought on the side of the House of York in the War of the Roses.-Family:...
whose son was - John Grey, 1st Baron Grey of PowisBaron Grey of PowisThis article is about Baron Grey of Powis. For the title Baron Powis, see Earl of Powis.thumbThe Baron Grey of Powis title was created for the great-grandson of Joan Charleton , co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powis and her husband, Sir John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville after the death of Joan's...
whose son was - John Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of PowisBaron Grey of PowisThis article is about Baron Grey of Powis. For the title Baron Powis, see Earl of Powis.thumbThe Baron Grey of Powis title was created for the great-grandson of Joan Charleton , co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powis and her husband, Sir John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville after the death of Joan's...
(1485–1504) whose son was - Edward Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of PowisBaron Grey of PowisThis article is about Baron Grey of Powis. For the title Baron Powis, see Earl of Powis.thumbThe Baron Grey of Powis title was created for the great-grandson of Joan Charleton , co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powis and her husband, Sir John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville after the death of Joan's...
(died 1551)
- Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville
- Joyce wife of John Tiptoft, 1st Baron TiptoftJohn Tiptoft, 1st Baron TiptoftSir John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft was a Knight of the Shire for Huntingdonshire and Somerset, Speaker of the House of Commons, Treasurer of the Household, Chief Butler of England, Treasurer of the Exchequer and Seneschal of Landes and Aquitaine.-Early life:This English nobleman was the eldest...
.
Beyond the Marcher Lordship
The Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 abolished the feudal rights of the lord of Powis and saw the territory of the Lordship of Powis almost entirely incorporated within the new county of MontgomeryshireMontgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire, also known as Maldwyn is one of thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. Montgomeryshire is still used as a vice-county for wildlife recording...
. However the lordship continued to exist as a great landed estate.
- Edward Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of PowisBaron Grey of PowisThis article is about Baron Grey of Powis. For the title Baron Powis, see Earl of Powis.thumbThe Baron Grey of Powis title was created for the great-grandson of Joan Charleton , co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powis and her husband, Sir John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville after the death of Joan's...
(died 1551). - Edward Grey of London, his illegitimate son, sold the lordship (no longer a marcher lordship) in 1587.
- Sir Edward Herbert.
- Sir William HerbertWilliam Herbert, 1st Baron PowisWilliam Herbert, 1st Baron Powis was a British nobleman.He was born in Powis Castle, the son of Sir Edward Herbert and Mary Stanley, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley, Under-Treasurer of the Royal Mint...
was created Baron Powis in 1629.
The estate then descended to successive holders of the titles, Baron Powis, Marquess of Powis
Marquess of Powis
Marquess of Powis was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1687 for William Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis. He had already succeeded his father as third Baron Powis in 1667 and had been created Earl of Powis in the Peerage of England in 1674; Marquess of Powis and Viscount Montgomery in...
, and Earl of Powis
Earl of Powis
Earl of Powis is a title that has been created three times. The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1674 in favour of William Herbert, 3rd Baron Powis. In 1687 he was further honoured when he was made Marquess of Powis...
(q.v.).
Progeny of the Princely House
Owen de la PoleOwen de la Pole
Owen de la Pole , also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, was the heir presumptive to the Welsh principality of Powys Wenwynwyn until 1283 when it was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury. He became the 1st Lord of Powis after the death of his father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn c...
(ap Gruffydd) had several brothers, whom he enfeoffed as his feudal tenants with lordships within his own lordship. However none of them left issue except William de la Pole (of Mawddwy)
William de la Pole (of Mawddwy)
Sir William de la Pole was the fourth son of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn and would have inherited the principality of Powys Wenwynwyn, if it had continued to descend in the male line according to Welsh law, instead of having been surrendered to Edward I and regranted to his father as a marcher lordship...
, who had the lordship of Mawddwy
Dinas Mawddwy
Dinas Mawddwy is a village in Gwynedd, north Wales, just to the side of the A470 so that most visitors pass the village by. Its population is roughly 600. The village marks the junction of the unclassified road to Llanuwchllyn which climbs up through the mountains to cross Bwlch y Groes at its...
, comprising that parish and most of Mallwyd
Mallwyd
Mallwyd is a small village at the most southern end of the county of Gwynedd in North Wales in the valley of the River Dyfi. It lies on the A470 approximately half-way between Dolgellau and Machynlleth, and forms the junction of the A458 towards Welshpool. The nearest village is Dinas Mawddwy, two...
. There descendants of the ancient princes of Powys were lords for several generations, until the lordship passed to an heiress and then was divided between four coheiresses. One of these coheiress, Elisabeth de Burgh married Sir John Lingen d 1506 and their descendants still exist today.
Certain genealogical sources have claimed (though apparently without reliable sources) that Owen de la Pole had other sons, including an alleged William de la Pole (rather than the historical Gruffydd de la Pole), who succeeded to the lordship on Owen's death in 1293. Some have sought to identify him with the father of William de la Pole (of Hull)
William de la Pole (of Hull)
Sir William de la Pole of Hull was a wealthy wool merchant in Kingston upon Hull, a royal moneylender and a Chief Baron of the Exchequer.-Life:...
, who may possibly also have been called William, but whose name is not certainly known. However, the link is most improbable, the merchants' surname probably being derived from a place near Hull. William de la Pole and his brother Richard were successful merchants from Hull
Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull , usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of...
, who rose to become royal financiers under Edward II
Edward II of England
Edward II , called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327. He was the sixth Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II...
and Edward III
Edward III of England
Edward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...
, William's son Michael being created 1st Earl of Suffolk
Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk
Michael de la Pole, 1st Baron de la Pole, later 1st Earl of Suffolk was an English financier and Lord Chancellor of England.- Life :...
.