Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily
Encyclopedia
Maria Luisa of Naples and Sicily (Maria Luisa Amelia Teresa; 27 July 1773 – 19 September 1802), was a Neapolitan and Sicilian
princess and the wife of the third Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany.
in Naples
. Her father was the future King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
and her mother, born Maria Carolina of Austria
, was a sister of Marie Antoinette
. Her paternal grandparents were Charles III of Spain
and his Saxon
wife Maria Amalia
; her maternal grandparents were Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
and Maria Theresa of Austria
. She was one of eighteen children, seven of whom survived into adulthood.
. The wedding ceremony took place in Florence
, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
which her husband had ruled since the beginning of the year. Her husband ruled the Grand Duchy
till 1801, when in the Treaty of Aranjuez
, he was forced by Napoleon to make way for the Kingdom of Etruria
.
The couple went into exile and lived in Vienna
, the capital of the Austrian Empire
which was ruled by Archduke Ferdinand's older brother, Emperor Francis II
; later on Ferdinand was compensated by being given the secularized lands of the Archbishop of Salzburg as Grand-Duke of Salzburg.
Maria Luisa died in childbirth the next year at the Hofburg Imperial Palace
in Vienna; the princess is buried in the Imperial Crypt with her stillborn son in her arms. Her husband outlived her by 23 years, and in 1814 had his Tuscan title revived after the title was held by Elisa Bonaparte
; he also married again on 6 May 1821 to Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony
; there was no issue from this marriage.
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as the Two Sicilies even before formally coming into being, was the largest and wealthiest of the Italian states before Italian unification...
princess and the wife of the third Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Background
Maria Luisa Amelia Teresa was born at the Royal PalaceRoyal Palace (Naples)
The Royal Palace is a palace in Naples, southern Italy. It is one of the four residences used by the Bourbon Kings of Naples during their rule of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies : one is in Caserta, another on the Capodimonte hill overlooking Naples, and the third is in Portici on the slopes of...
in Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
. Her father was the future King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I reigned variously over Naples, Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder brother, Ferdinand VI, as King Charles III of Spain...
and her mother, born Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her...
, was a sister of Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette ; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was an Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and of Navarre. She was the fifteenth and penultimate child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I....
. Her paternal grandparents were Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...
and his Saxon
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
wife Maria Amalia
Maria Amalia of Saxony
Maria Amalia of Saxony was a German princess from the House of Wettin and was the wife of Charles III of Spain; she was the Queen consort of Naples and Sicily from 1738 till 1759 and then Queen consort of Spain from 1759 until her death in 1760...
; her maternal grandparents were Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty...
and Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
. She was one of eighteen children, seven of whom survived into adulthood.
Marriage
On 15 August 1790, she married her double first cousin, Archduke Ferdinand of AustriaFerdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg and Grand Duke of Würzburg .-Biography:Ferdinand was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the...
. The wedding ceremony took place in Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Tuscany
Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
which her husband had ruled since the beginning of the year. Her husband ruled the Grand Duchy
Grand duchy
A grand duchy, sometimes referred to as a grand dukedom, is a territory whose head of state is a monarch, either a grand duke or grand duchess.Today Luxembourg is the only remaining grand duchy...
till 1801, when in the Treaty of Aranjuez
Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)
The Treaty of Aranjuez was signed on March 21, 1801 between France and Spain. The overall accord confirmed the terms presented in the Treaty of San Ildefonso. Moreover, Ferdinand, the Bourbon Duke of Parma, agreed to surrender the Duchy of Parma to France. Ferdinand's son Louis received the Grand...
, he was forced by Napoleon to make way for the Kingdom of Etruria
Kingdom of Etruria
The Kingdom of Etruria was a kingdom comprising the larger part of Tuscany which existed between 1801 and 1807. It took its name from Etruria, the old Roman name for the land of the Etruscans.It was created by the Treaty of Aranjuez, signed on 21 March 1801...
.
The couple went into exile and lived in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, the capital of the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
which was ruled by Archduke Ferdinand's older brother, Emperor Francis II
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
; later on Ferdinand was compensated by being given the secularized lands of the Archbishop of Salzburg as Grand-Duke of Salzburg.
Maria Luisa died in childbirth the next year at the Hofburg Imperial Palace
Hofburg Imperial Palace
Hofburg Palace is a palace located in Vienna, Austria, that has housed some of the most powerful people in Austrian history, including the Habsburg dynasty, rulers of the Austro-Hungarian empire. It currently serves as the official residence of the President of Austria...
in Vienna; the princess is buried in the Imperial Crypt with her stillborn son in her arms. Her husband outlived her by 23 years, and in 1814 had his Tuscan title revived after the title was held by Elisa Bonaparte
Elisa Bonaparte
Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy, Princesse Française, Duchess of Lucca and Princess of Piombino, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Countess of Compignano was the fourth surviving child and eldest surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, making her the younger sister of...
; he also married again on 6 May 1821 to Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony
Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony
Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony was a daughter of Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony and his first wife Princess Caroline of Parma...
; there was no issue from this marriage.
Issue
- Archduchess Carolina Ferdinanda Teresa (1793–1802) died in infancy.
- Archduke Francesco Leopoldo (1794–1800) died in infancy.
- Leopold II, Grand Duke of TuscanyLeopold II, Grand Duke of TuscanyLeopold II of Tuscany was the last reigning grand duke of Tuscany ....
(1797–1870) married Maria Anna of Saxony and had issue. Remarried Princess Maria Antonia of the Two SiciliesPrincess Maria Antonia of the Two SiciliesPrincess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies was Grand Duchess of Tuscany from 1833 to 1859 as the consort of Leopold II...
and had issue. - Archduchess Maria Luisa Giuseppa (1799–1857) Married aprox 1821, John Biester descendant Bernhard Biesterfelt VIII Lippe Ditemold Hanover Germany Issue Three Sons Henry, William, Louis
- Archduchess Maria Theresa (1801–1855) married Charles Albert of SardiniaCharles Albert of SardiniaCharles Albert was the King of Piedmont-Sardinia from 1831 to 1849. He succeeded his distant cousin Charles Felix, and his name is bound with the first Italian statute and the First War of Independence...
and had issue. - Stillborn son (1802).
Titles and styles
- 27 July 1773 - 15 August 1790 Her Royal Highness Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily
- 15 August 1790 - 19 September 1802 Her Royal Highness The Grand Duchess of Tuscany