Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Encyclopedia
The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was the partially recognised government in exile
of Korea, based in Shanghai
, China
, and later in Chongqing
, during the Colonial Korea
.
of the same year during the Japanese colonial rule of the Korean peninsula.
The government did not gain formal recognition from world powers, though a modest form of recognition was given from the Nationalist Government of China
and a number of other governments, most of whom were in exile themselves.
The government resisted the colonial rule of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945. They coordinated the armed resistance against the Japanese imperial army during the 1920s and 1930s, including the Battle of Chingshanli
in October 1920 and the assault on Japanese military leadership in Shanghai
in April 1932.
This struggle culminated in the formation of Korean Liberation Army
in 1940, bringing together many if not all Korean resistance groups in exile. The government duly declared war against the Axis powers
Japan and Germany on December 9, 1941, and the Liberation Army took part in allied action in China
and parts of Southeast Asia
.
During World War II, the Korean Liberation Army was preparing an assault against the Imperial Japanese forces in Korea in conjunction with American Office of Strategic Services
, but the Japanese surrender
prevented the execution of the plan. The government's goal was achieved with Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945.
The sites of the Provisional Government in Shanghai
and Chongqing
have been preserved as museums.
File:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.jpg|Photo for memorial of establishing Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, 1919.
File:Daihan Minguok Limshi Zhengfu.jpg|The museum in Chongqing
, China.
File:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea2.jpg|Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea site in Shanghai.
Government in exile
A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually operate under the assumption that they will one day return to their...
of Korea, based in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, and later in Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
, during the Colonial Korea
Korea under Japanese rule
Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion . Japanese rule ended in 1945 shortly after the Japanese defeat in World War II....
.
History
The government was formed on April 13, 1919, shortly after the March 1st movementMarch 1st Movement
The March 1st Movement, or Samil Movement, was one of the earliest public displays of Korean resistance during the occupation of the Korean Empire by Japan. The name refers to an event that occurred on March 1, 1919, hence the movement's name, literally meaning "Three-One Movement" or "March First...
of the same year during the Japanese colonial rule of the Korean peninsula.
The government did not gain formal recognition from world powers, though a modest form of recognition was given from the Nationalist Government of China
History of the Republic of China
The History of the Republic of China begins after the Qing Dynasty in 1912, when the formation of the Republic of China put an end to over two thousand years of Imperial rule. The Qing Dynasty, also known as the Manchu Dynasty, ruled from 1644 to 1912...
and a number of other governments, most of whom were in exile themselves.
The government resisted the colonial rule of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945. They coordinated the armed resistance against the Japanese imperial army during the 1920s and 1930s, including the Battle of Chingshanli
Battle of Chingshanli
The Battle of Qingshanli was fought over six days in October 1920 between the Imperial Japanese Army and Korean armed groups in a densely-wooded region of eastern Manchuria called Qīngshānlǐ...
in October 1920 and the assault on Japanese military leadership in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
in April 1932.
This struggle culminated in the formation of Korean Liberation Army
Korean Liberation Army
The Korean Liberation Army, established on September 17, 1941 in Chongqing, China, was the armed force of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea...
in 1940, bringing together many if not all Korean resistance groups in exile. The government duly declared war against the Axis powers
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
Japan and Germany on December 9, 1941, and the Liberation Army took part in allied action in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and parts of Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
.
During World War II, the Korean Liberation Army was preparing an assault against the Imperial Japanese forces in Korea in conjunction with American Office of Strategic Services
Office of Strategic Services
The Office of Strategic Services was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and it was a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency...
, but the Japanese surrender
Surrender of Japan
The surrender of Japan in 1945 brought hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy was incapable of conducting operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent...
prevented the execution of the plan. The government's goal was achieved with Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945.
The sites of the Provisional Government in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
and Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
have been preserved as museums.
List of presidents of the Republic
- Syngman RheeSyngman RheeSyngman Rhee or Yi Seungman was the first president of South Korea. His presidency, from August 1948 to April 1960, remains controversial, affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean peninsula and elsewhere. Rhee was regarded as an anti-Communist and a strongman, and he led South Korea through the...
(September 11, 1919 - March 21, 1925)-Impeached by the Provisional Assembly - Park EunsikPark EunsikPark Eunsik was a historian and the second President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai during part of 1925. Soon after the impeachment of Syngman Rhee from the presidency, Park was elected the president, but he soon died from illness while in office...
(March 24, 1925 – September 1925) - Yi Sang-ryongYi Sang-ryongYi Sang-ryong was a Korean Liberation activist, serving as the third president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1925 to 1926. Yi Sang-ryong, along with Yi Si-yeong and Yi Dong-nyung, started the Military School of the New Rising in 1911.-Notes:...
(September 1925 – January 1926) - Yi Dongnyeong (January 1926 – July 7, 1926)
- Hong JinHong JinHong Jin , also known as Hong Myeon-hui, was a leader of the Korean independence movement. He is also sometimes known by his pen name Mano , and his Christian name, Andre....
(July 7, 1926 – December 9, 1926) - Kim GuKim GuKim Gu , the sixth and later the last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, was a Korean politician, educator, leader of Korean independence movement against the Japanese occupation of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945, and reunification activist who had struggled for...
(December 9, 1926 – August 1927) - Yi Dongnyeong (August 1927 – October 1933)
- Yang Gi-takYang Gi-takYang Gi-tak was one of the leaders of Korean independence movement who served as the 9th president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1933 to 1935....
(October 1933 – October 1935) - Yi Dongnyeong (October 1935 – 1940)
- Kim GuKim GuKim Gu , the sixth and later the last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, was a Korean politician, educator, leader of Korean independence movement against the Japanese occupation of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945, and reunification activist who had struggled for...
(1940 – July 24, 1948) - Syngman RheeSyngman RheeSyngman Rhee or Yi Seungman was the first president of South Korea. His presidency, from August 1948 to April 1960, remains controversial, affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean peninsula and elsewhere. Rhee was regarded as an anti-Communist and a strongman, and he led South Korea through the...
(first president of the Republic of KoreaSouth KoreaThe Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
, July 24, 1948 - April 26, 1960)
Gallery
File:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.jpg|Photo for memorial of establishing Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, 1919.
File:Daihan Minguok Limshi Zhengfu.jpg|The museum in Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
, China.
File:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea2.jpg|Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea site in Shanghai.
See also
- History of South KoreaHistory of South KoreaThe history of South Korea formally begins with the establishment of South Korea on 15 August 1948, although Syngman Rhee had declared the establishment in Seoul on 13 August....
- Korean independence movements
- Korean Liberation ArmyKorean Liberation ArmyThe Korean Liberation Army, established on September 17, 1941 in Chongqing, China, was the armed force of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea...