Pulangi River
Encyclopedia
The Pulangi River also spelled Pulangui, is the longest river in Bukidnon
. It is one of the major tributaries of the Rio Grande de Mindanao
, an extensive river system in Mindanao
, Philippines
. It has a length of 320 kilometers and traverses through majority of the cities and municipalities of Bukidnon from its source in Barangay Kalabugao, Impasug-ong, Bukidnon
.
type power plant, the Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant and watershed. The Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant has a capacity of 255 megawatts and provides for 25% of Mindanao
's power needs. It is owned and operated by the National Power Corporation(NAPOCOR). The reservoir and dam is also the main water source for the province of Bukidnon
, both for drinking water and for irrigation through the National Irrigation Administration (NIA).
The Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant watershed (also known as the Upper Pulangi Watershed) is the second largest watershed
in the Philippines, covering an area of around 1.8 Million hectare
s. It has ten catchments
and covers the cities and municipalities of Impasug-ong, Cabanglasan, San Fernando
, Lantapan, Maramag, Quezon
, Valencia City, and Malaybalay City.
The artificial lake
created by the reservoir proper is called the Pulangi Lake or the Maramag Basin It has a surface area of about 1,985 hectares and a live storage of 67 Million cubic meters.
Pulangi is also the site of the proposed Pulangi V Hydroelectric Dam. The project is expected to generate 300 megawatts of renewable energy
for Mindanao in southern Philippines. The dam is 3,300 hectares covering portions, mostly highly sloping lands along the riverbank in 22 barangays in Kitaotao, Kibawe, Dangcagan and Damulog in Bukidnon and Roxas town in North Cotabato. Of the total dam area, 40% is the present river itself and the inundated areas are stiff slopes along the river bank. An estimated of 1,060 households will be affected, all of whom will be relocated and compensated by the project.
Opposition to the project have claimed that the project would submerge the burial site of Apo Mamalu, a revered ancestor of the Manobo indigenous people in Mindanao
. There, however, are conflicting claims to this.
The National Museum of the Philippines
has commissioned a team of experts to look into this claim, but as of February 6, 2011, the anthropologist asked to study the claim in response to a petition to declare Sitio
Mikasili, Barangay
Tangkulan, Damulog
as a National Heritage Site said that there is not enough evidence to declare it as such. Dr. Antonio Montalvan, an anthropologist who earlier supported the petition to declare the site as a heritage site wrote the National Museum saying that after deeper scrutiny of the claims, a declaration of a National Heritage site is not feasible. Montalvan said: "Such an important declaration cannot be made when the assumptions lack unanimity and more so in material evidence. This may only lead to an obfuscation of the ethno-cultural importance and beautiful traditions of the ancient Manobo peoples."
, picking up tributaries along the way from the Kalatungan and Kitanglad Mountain Ranges. It forms part of the natural boundary of Valencia City
and Lantapan
. It flows eastward towards Malaybalay City
, eventually joining the Pulangi River in Valencia City
.
The Muleta River is found in the southern portion of the province covering the municipalities of Pangantucan
, Don Carlos
, Kitaotao
, Dangcagan
, Kibawe
, Kadingilan
and Damulog
. It is another important tributary of the Pulangi River and flows southward. It will join the Pulangi River in the boundary of Bukidnon and Cotabato
province.
The Bobonawan River, found in the municipality of Cabanglasan
, is another tributary of the Pulangi River. It covers most of the parts of the municipality, flowing southward towards Pulangi River.
Other tributaries are the Tigwa River of San Fernando, Bukidnon
, the Maradugao River, and the Sawaga River.
Bukidnon
Bukidnon is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is Malaybalay City. The province borders, clockwise starting from the north, Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, and Lanao del Norte.Bukidnon is...
. It is one of the major tributaries of the Rio Grande de Mindanao
Mindanao River
The Mindanao River, also known as the Rio Grande de Mindanao, is the second largest river system in the Philippines, after the Cagayan River of Luzon. It is also the largest river on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao having a drainage area of 23,169 square kilometers, draining majority of...
, an extensive river system in Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country, which consists of the island of Mindanao and smaller surrounding islands. The other two are Luzon and the Visayas. The island of Mindanao is called The...
, Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. It has a length of 320 kilometers and traverses through majority of the cities and municipalities of Bukidnon from its source in Barangay Kalabugao, Impasug-ong, Bukidnon
Impasug-Ong, Bukidnon
Impasug-ong is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 31,173 people in 5,718 households.-Location and General Physical Characteristics:...
.
Etymology
The name of the river could have come from the Manobo term “Empamulangi”, meaning "center of the island", referring to the location of the river within the island of Mindanao.Watershed and Hydroelectric Plant
Pulangi has one reservoirReservoir
A reservoir , artificial lake or dam is used to store water.Reservoirs may be created in river valleys by the construction of a dam or may be built by excavation in the ground or by conventional construction techniques such as brickwork or cast concrete.The term reservoir may also be used to...
type power plant, the Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant and watershed. The Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant has a capacity of 255 megawatts and provides for 25% of Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country, which consists of the island of Mindanao and smaller surrounding islands. The other two are Luzon and the Visayas. The island of Mindanao is called The...
's power needs. It is owned and operated by the National Power Corporation(NAPOCOR). The reservoir and dam is also the main water source for the province of Bukidnon
Bukidnon
Bukidnon is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is Malaybalay City. The province borders, clockwise starting from the north, Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, and Lanao del Norte.Bukidnon is...
, both for drinking water and for irrigation through the National Irrigation Administration (NIA).
The Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant watershed (also known as the Upper Pulangi Watershed) is the second largest watershed
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
in the Philippines, covering an area of around 1.8 Million hectare
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s. It has ten catchments
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
and covers the cities and municipalities of Impasug-ong, Cabanglasan, San Fernando
San Fernando, Bukidnon
San Fernando is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 44,959 people.-History:...
, Lantapan, Maramag, Quezon
Quezon, Bukidnon
Quezon is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 91,119 people and 15,882 households during 2000 census.-Creation of the Municipality:...
, Valencia City, and Malaybalay City.
The artificial lake
Reservoir
A reservoir , artificial lake or dam is used to store water.Reservoirs may be created in river valleys by the construction of a dam or may be built by excavation in the ground or by conventional construction techniques such as brickwork or cast concrete.The term reservoir may also be used to...
created by the reservoir proper is called the Pulangi Lake or the Maramag Basin It has a surface area of about 1,985 hectares and a live storage of 67 Million cubic meters.
Pulangi is also the site of the proposed Pulangi V Hydroelectric Dam. The project is expected to generate 300 megawatts of renewable energy
Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from...
for Mindanao in southern Philippines. The dam is 3,300 hectares covering portions, mostly highly sloping lands along the riverbank in 22 barangays in Kitaotao, Kibawe, Dangcagan and Damulog in Bukidnon and Roxas town in North Cotabato. Of the total dam area, 40% is the present river itself and the inundated areas are stiff slopes along the river bank. An estimated of 1,060 households will be affected, all of whom will be relocated and compensated by the project.
Opposition to the project have claimed that the project would submerge the burial site of Apo Mamalu, a revered ancestor of the Manobo indigenous people in Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country, which consists of the island of Mindanao and smaller surrounding islands. The other two are Luzon and the Visayas. The island of Mindanao is called The...
. There, however, are conflicting claims to this.
The National Museum of the Philippines
National Museum of the Philippines
The Museum of the Filipino People is a department of the National Museum of the Philippines that houses the Anthropology and Archaeology Divisions of the National Museum. It is located in the Agrifina Circle, Rizal Park, Manila adjacent to the main National Museum building...
has commissioned a team of experts to look into this claim, but as of February 6, 2011, the anthropologist asked to study the claim in response to a petition to declare Sitio
Sitio
A sitio in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay, the location of which may be distant from the center of the barangay itself....
Mikasili, Barangay
Barangay
A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward...
Tangkulan, Damulog
Damulog, Bukidnon
Damulog is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 20,332 people in 4,073 households.-Barangays:Damulog is politically subdivided into 17 barangays.* Aludas* Angga-an...
as a National Heritage Site said that there is not enough evidence to declare it as such. Dr. Antonio Montalvan, an anthropologist who earlier supported the petition to declare the site as a heritage site wrote the National Museum saying that after deeper scrutiny of the claims, a declaration of a National Heritage site is not feasible. Montalvan said: "Such an important declaration cannot be made when the assumptions lack unanimity and more so in material evidence. This may only lead to an obfuscation of the ethno-cultural importance and beautiful traditions of the ancient Manobo peoples."
Geography
Tributaries
The Manupali River, a major tributary of the Pulangi River, starts in the mountains of Lantapan, BukidnonLantapan, Bukidnon
-Profile of Lantapan:Lantapan is a first class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. It used to be a barrio of Malaybalay City until its creation, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4787 enacted on 18 June 1968, as a separate municipality...
, picking up tributaries along the way from the Kalatungan and Kitanglad Mountain Ranges. It forms part of the natural boundary of Valencia City
Valencia City, Bukidnon
The City of Valencia is a 2nd class city in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 162,745 people in 28,425 households.-History:...
and Lantapan
Lantapan, Bukidnon
-Profile of Lantapan:Lantapan is a first class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. It used to be a barrio of Malaybalay City until its creation, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4787 enacted on 18 June 1968, as a separate municipality...
. It flows eastward towards Malaybalay City
Malaybalay City
The City of Malaybalay , dubbed as the "South Summer Capital of the Philippines", is a first class component city and the capital and administrative center of the province of Bukidnon, Philippines...
, eventually joining the Pulangi River in Valencia City
Valencia City, Bukidnon
The City of Valencia is a 2nd class city in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 162,745 people in 28,425 households.-History:...
.
The Muleta River is found in the southern portion of the province covering the municipalities of Pangantucan
Pangantucan, Bukidnon
Pangantucan is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 46,689 people and 8,168 households. on 2000 census-History:...
, Don Carlos
Don Carlos, Bukidnon
Don Carlos is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 55,495 people in 10,713 households.-History:...
, Kitaotao
Kitaotao, Bukidnon
Kitaotao is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 26,073 people in 5,194 households.-Cultural History:...
, Dangcagan
Dangcagan, Bukidnon
Dangcagan is a 5th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 18,857 people in 3,555 households.-History:...
, Kibawe
Kibawe, Bukidnon
Kibawe is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 32,955 people in 6,413 households.-History:...
, Kadingilan
Kadingilan, Bukidnon
Kadingilan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 25,858 people in 5,050 households.-Cultural History:...
and Damulog
Damulog, Bukidnon
Damulog is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 20,332 people in 4,073 households.-Barangays:Damulog is politically subdivided into 17 barangays.* Aludas* Angga-an...
. It is another important tributary of the Pulangi River and flows southward. It will join the Pulangi River in the boundary of Bukidnon and Cotabato
Cotabato
Cotabato , is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao...
province.
The Bobonawan River, found in the municipality of Cabanglasan
Cabanglasan, Bukidnon
Cabanglasan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 32,305 people in 5,994 households.-History of Cabanglasan:The town was once a Barangay of the capital town, Malaybalay...
, is another tributary of the Pulangi River. It covers most of the parts of the municipality, flowing southward towards Pulangi River.
Other tributaries are the Tigwa River of San Fernando, Bukidnon
San Fernando, Bukidnon
San Fernando is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 44,959 people.-History:...
, the Maradugao River, and the Sawaga River.
Towns and cities along the river
- Impasug-ongImpasug-Ong, BukidnonImpasug-ong is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 31,173 people in 5,718 households.-Location and General Physical Characteristics:...
- Malaybalay City
- CabanglasanCabanglasan, BukidnonCabanglasan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 32,305 people in 5,994 households.-History of Cabanglasan:The town was once a Barangay of the capital town, Malaybalay...
- San FernandoSan Fernando, BukidnonSan Fernando is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 44,959 people.-History:...
- Valencia City
- MaramagMaramag, BukidnonMaramag is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2009 census, it has a population of 86,647 people in 19,267 households based on 2000 census.Maramag local government unit launched its official website on July 9, 2008.-History:Political and Cultural...
- QuezonQuezon, BukidnonQuezon is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 91,119 people and 15,882 households during 2000 census.-Creation of the Municipality:...
- Don CarlosDon Carlos, BukidnonDon Carlos is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 55,495 people in 10,713 households.-History:...
- KitaotaoKitaotao, BukidnonKitaotao is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 26,073 people in 5,194 households.-Cultural History:...
- DangcaganDangcagan, BukidnonDangcagan is a 5th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 18,857 people in 3,555 households.-History:...
- DamulogDamulog, BukidnonDamulog is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 20,332 people in 4,073 households.-Barangays:Damulog is politically subdivided into 17 barangays.* Aludas* Angga-an...
- CarmenCarmen, CotabatoCarmen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According LGPMS , it has a population of 65,670 people in 13,325 households.-Geography:...
- KabacanKabacan, CotabatoKabacan is a first class municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to LGPMS , it has a population of 78,465 people in 15,646 households....