Pythion or Pythium, was an ancient city of Perrhaebia

Perrhaebia

Perrhaebia was the northest district of ancient Thessaly, where the tribe of Perrhaebi lived. Major cities were: Pythion, Doliche, Azorus, Oloosson and Phallana the capital. Perrhaebia was part of Macedonia between 4th and 1st centuries BC....

 in Thessaly

Thessaly

Thessaly is a traditional geographical region and an administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears thus in Homer's Odyssey....

, situated at the foot of Mount Olympus

Mount Olympus

Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece, located on the border between Thessaly and Macedonia, about 100 kilometres away from Thessaloniki, Greece's second largest city. Mount Olympus has 52 peaks. The highest peak Mytikas, meaning "nose", rises to 2,917 metres...

, and forming a Tripolis

Tripolis (region of Thessaly)

Tripolis was a district in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, Greece, containing the three cities of Azorus, Pythion , and Doliche....

 with the two neighbouring towns of Azorus and Doliche

Doliche

Doliche can refer to several places in antiquity, including:Cities*Doliche, a city of Thessaly, Greece*Doliche, an ancient city of Asia Minor, near modern Gaziantep, TurkeyIslands...

. Pythion derived its name from a temple of Apollo Pythius

Apollo

Apollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology...

 situated on one of the summits of Olympus, as we learn from an epigram of Xeinagoras, a Greek

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece is a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in Ancient Greece is the...

 mathematician

Mathematician

A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....

, who measured the height of Olympus from these parts (ap. Plut.

Plutarch

Plutarch then named, on his becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus , c. 46 – 120 AD, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia...

 Aemil. Paul. 15). Games, were also celebrated here in honour of Apollo. (Steph. B.

Stephanus of Byzantium

Stephen of Byzantium, also known as Stephanus Byzantinus , was the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica...

 s. v. Πύθιον.) Pythion commanded an important pass across Mount Olympus. This pass and that of Tempe

Vale of Tempe

The Vale of Tempe is a gorge in northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south. The valley is 10 kilometers long and as narrow as 25 meters in places, with cliffs nearly 500 meters high, and through it flows the Pineios River on its way to the Aegean Sea...

 are the only two leading from Macedon

Macedon

Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom, centered in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, the region of Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south....

ia into the northeast of Thessaly. The site is occupied by a modern town of the same name, but virtually no remains of the ancient town have been discovered there. (Liv.

Livy

Titus Livius — known as Livy in English — was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, "Chapters from the Foundation of the City," covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome well before the traditional foundation in 753 BC...

 xlii. 53; Plut., Steph. B., ll. cc.; Ptol.

Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...

 iii. 13; § 42)

During the reign of Amyntas III or Philip II

Philip II of Macedon

Philip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:...

, Tripolis (Perrhaebia)  was annexed to Macedon. According to Theagenes

Theagenes (historian)

For other persons with the same name ,see TheagenesTheagenes was a historical writer, of uncertain date. Stephanus of Byzantium frequently quotes from a work of his, entitled Macedonica , as also from another entitled Carica. It is, perhaps, the same Theagenes, who wrote a work on Aegina, quoted by...

 the inhabitants of Balla (Pieria)

Balla (Pieria)

Balla was an ancient city in mountainous Pieria of Macedonia, on the Haliacmon river, south of Phylace, possibly at modern Palaiogratsiano.-References: *The Macedonian State By N. G. L. Hammond pages 157, 385 ISBN 0198149271...

 were relocated to Pythion . So we find in 3rd century BC one Philarchos son of Hellanion, Macedonian Elimiote

Elimiotis

Elimiotis or Elimeia or Elimaea was a region of Upper Macedonia that was located along the Haliacmon, north of Perrhaebia/Thessaly, west of Pieria, east of Parauaea, and south of Orestis. In earlier times, it was independent, but later was incorporated into the Argead kingdom of Macedon...

 from Pythion, proxenos in Delphi.