Qinghua clique
Encyclopedia
The term Qinghua clique refers to a group of Communist Chinese
politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University
. They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership, and are purported to hold hesitantly pro-democratic
or reformist ideas (a number have studied in the United States
following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang
). In the PRC, their ascendance to power is likely to begin in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the CPC
.
Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities. Among the nine standing committees at the Politburo
, there are four Tsinghua graduates; among the 24 Politburo committee members, there are five; and of all the "leaders of the party and the country", there are 10.
Key figures are reported to include:
Retired or deceased:
The Tsinghua clique also referred to a group of Nationalist Chinese
politicians who held high power in the Republic of China
government and fled to Taiwan
with the government during the Chinese Civil War
. All of them are deceased:
Politics of the People's Republic of China
The politics of the People's Republic of China take place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. The leadership of the Communist Party is stated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China...
politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
. They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership, and are purported to hold hesitantly pro-democratic
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...
or reformist ideas (a number have studied in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang
Hu Yaobang
Hu Yaobang was a leader of the People's Republic of China who served as both Chairman and Party General Secretary. Hu joined the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930s, and rose to prominence as a comrade of Deng Xiaoping...
). In the PRC, their ascendance to power is likely to begin in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the CPC
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
.
Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities. Among the nine standing committees at the Politburo
Politburo of the Communist Party of China
The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China or Political bureau of the CPC Central Committee , formerly as Central Bureau before 1927, is a group of 24 people who oversee the Communist Party of China...
, there are four Tsinghua graduates; among the 24 Politburo committee members, there are five; and of all the "leaders of the party and the country", there are 10.
Key figures are reported to include:
- Hu JintaoHu JintaoHu Jintao is the current Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China. He has held the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang...
; - Wu BangguoWu BangguoWu Bangguo is a high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China. He is currently Chairman and Party secretary of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, a position that makes him China's chief legislator...
, although he is generally considered more loyal to Jiang Zemin's Shanghai cliqueShanghai cliqueThe Shanghai clique or Shanghai faction is the name given to an informal group of officials in the Communist Party of China, especially those who serve in the central government of the People's Republic of China or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, who rose to prominence in...
; - Lin Wenyi, chairman of the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government LeagueTaiwan Democratic Self-Government LeagueThe Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference...
; - Liu YandongLiu YandongLiu Yandong is an official of the Communist Party of China currently serving on the Politburo. She also holds the post of State Councilor...
- Xi JinpingXi JinpingXi Jinping is a high ranking politician of the People's Republic of China. He currently serves as the top-ranking member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China, the country's Vice President, Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission, President of the Central Party School and the...
.
Retired or deceased:
- Zhou GuangzhaoZhou GuangzhaoZhou Guangzhao is a Chinese physicist.-Early life and education:Zhou Guangzhao was born on May 15, 1929 in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province. He was the 5th child of the civil engineer Zhou Fengjiu, and the younger brother of Chinese biochemist/geneticist Zhou Guangyu...
; - Zheng TianxiangZheng TianxiangZheng Tianxiang is a Chinese politician and was the President of the Supreme People's Court of China.-Biography:Zheng was born in Inner Mongolia. He was educated in Tsinghua University from 1935 to 1937....
; - Luo Longji;
- Fei XiaotongFei XiaotongFei Xiaotong, or Fei Hsiao-Tung was a pioneering Chinese researcher and professor of sociology and anthropology; he was also noted for his studies in the study of China's ethnic groups as well as a social activist...
; - Qian Weichang;
- Peng PeiyunPeng PeiyunPeng Peiyun is a Chinese politician.-Biography:Peng was admitted to the National Southwestern Associated University at 15. She graduated from Qinghua University and joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1946. She held several positions in the CPC branches in public education institutions...
; - Kang Shien;
- Wu GuanzhengWu GuanzhengWu Guanzheng was the head of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China, an anti-corruption body from 2002 to 2007.-Career:...
; - Hu QiliHu QiliHu Qili is a politician of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:In 1948 at the age of 19, Hu joined the Communist Party of China . He studied at Peking University from 1946-1951...
; - Huang JuHuang JuHuang Ju was the Executive Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China. He joined the Communist Party of China in March 1966. He was ranked 6th out of 9, and was one of the least popular and most partisan members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Party...
; - Yao YilinYao YilinYao Yilin was a deputy Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1983 to 1988, and the country's First Vice Premier from 1988 to 1993. He was born in Hong Kong in 1917, and spent his early years in Guichi, Chizhou, Anhui. Yao joined the Communist Party of China in 1935...
; - Song PingSong PingSong Ping was an official in the Communist Party of China, a former member of the Standing Committee, and is considered a member of the Second Generation of Chinese Leadership.-Biography:...
; - Zhu RongjiZhu RongjiZhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...
; - Hu QiaomuHu QiaomuHu Qiaomu , was a revolutionary, sociologist, Marxist philosopher and prominent politician of People's Republic of China...
; - Li XimingLi XimingLi Ximing was the Communist Party boss in Beijing during the 1989 crackdown on pro-democracy protests in the capital and across the country.Li was elected to the 13th Politburo of the Communist Party of China on November 2, 1987 by the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of...
; - Wang Hanbin.
The Tsinghua clique also referred to a group of Nationalist Chinese
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
politicians who held high power in the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
government and fled to Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
with the government during the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
. All of them are deceased:
- Yeh Kung-chao;
- Yu Guohua;
- Yen Zhenxing;
- Mei Yiqi;
- Luo JialunLuo JialunLuo Jialun was a Chinese educator, historian and political activist. He was one of the leaders of the May Fourth Movement in 1919.-Biography:...
; - Hu Shi
- Sun Li-jenSun Li-jenSun Li-jen was a Kuomintang General, best known for his leadership in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. His achievements earned him the laudatory nickname "Rommel of the East". His New 1st Army was reputed as the "1st [Best] Army under heaven" and credited with defeating...
.