Rail transport in Thailand
Encyclopedia
The railway network of Thailand
is currently managed and operated by the State Railway of Thailand
(SRT).
, Nakhon Sawan
, Phichit, Phitsanulok
, Denchai junction, Lampang
, Lamphun
, before finally reaching Chiang Mai
751 kilometers away from Bangkok
. There is also a branch off the mainline from Ban Dara junction to Sawankhalok in Sukhothai Province
.
. Then at Thanon Chira Junction
, the line splits with one route passing Khon Kaen
and Udon Thani
before terminating at Nong Khai
624 kilometers from Bangkok. The other route passes through Buriram
, Surin
, Si Sa Ket to reach Ubon Ratchathani
, 575 kilometers from Bangkok.
There is also another branch route originating from Kaeng Khoi Junction in Saraburi Province
passing through Lamnarai in Lopburi Province
, Chaturat in Chaiyaphum Province
, before joining the mainline heading towards Nong Khai at Bua Yai Junction
in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
.
before splitting into 3 different routes. One route heads west towards Kanchanaburi Province
(km 210) while another heads north towards Suphan Buri (km 157). The Southern Line itself continues southbound through Ratchaburi
, Phetchaburi
, Hua Hin
, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
, Chumphon
, to Surat Thani
678 kilometers away. From Surat Thani, there is a westerly branch towards Khiri Ratnikhom while the main line continues south to Thung Song Junction in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
where another branch reaches Kantang in Trang Province
. The main line from Nakhon Sri Thammarat continues through Phatthalung
before reaching Hatyai Junction in Songkhla Province
. From here, the line branches to connect with the Malaysian railway
at Padang Besar
and Sungai Golok passing through Yala Province
in the process.
to terminate at Aranyaprathet station in Sa Kaew Province 255 kilometers later. There is an unused rail link to Cambodia from Aranyaprathet. A branch line also connects Khlong 19 to the Northeastern Line at Kaeng Khoi Junction. At Chacheongsao station, there is another branch to Sattahip from which there is also another branch to Sriracha Junction 139 kilometers from Bangkok. From Sriracha Junction, there is yet another branch towards Laem Chabang deep sea port and Mapthaphut.
. It is independent of the national rail network and is split into two sections. The line begins at Wong Wien Yai in Bangkok before terminating at Mahachai where a ferry is used by passengers to cross the Tha Chin river
. The line starts again across the river towards Mae Klong
.
Bangkok's first modern mass transit system, the BTS Skytrain, was opened on 5 December 1999. It consists of 23 stations and 2 lines with a combined route length of 23 kilometers and are run by 35 3-car EMU
trains built by Siemens
. The railway uses third rail
at 750 V DC and unlike the mainline railway, is standard gauge
. On 3 July 2004, the Bangkok Metro
, a 21 kilometer 18 station underground mass transit rail line was opened and is serviced by 19 3 car trains very similar to the Skytrain. In 2007 a record number of passengers per day on the Skytrain increased to nearly 400,000 while the number of passengers for the Metro increased with 190,000 people per day.
In August 2010. The Suvarnabhumi Airport Link, an express intracity train line by the State Railway of Thailand was completed. the rail line links Suvarnabhumi Airport
and Phaya Thai BTS Station as well as Makkasan station, which is also set to serve as the City Air Terminal.
, a government agency responsible for rail infrastructure investment as well as freight and passenger services.
In Bangkok, the Skytrain is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited (BTSC) under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) but the investment for the structure and system were fully supported by BTSC.
The underground system is operated by Bangkok Metro Company Limited (BMCL), while whole project investments were shared by Mass Rapid Transit Authorities (MRTA) and BMCL, which all civil structures was provided by government sector and the system was provided by private sector (BMCL). The deal of contract between BMCL and MRTA are under the concession agreement for 25 years operation.
The Thai Government also has double tracking projects including a double tracking project currently in the works between Laem Chabang deep sea port and the Lad Krabang ICD. Also, in line with the Government's policy of reducing overall logistics costs in Thailand, there are plans to completely double track all the main lines in the country as well as upgrade track quality. The Government is also mulling a restructuring of the State Railway of Thailand and granting operating concessions to private freight operators. An international rail link is also being constructed towards Vientiane in Laos via Nong Khai and the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge.
There is also a plan to construct new railway routes to Chiang Rai
in the North via Denchai Junction, to Phuket
via Surat Thani, and to connect the Mae Klong railway to the main lines.
In October 2010, the Thai parliament approved initial proposals for a high speed rail network to be built with Chinese industrial partners; 5 lines capable of 250 km/h would radiate from Bangkok.
- operational; same gauge Laos - trial running; use gauge cross Mekong
River on Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge Cambodia
- disused (being rebuilt) Myanmar
- defunct - (see Death Railway
).
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
is currently managed and operated by the State Railway of Thailand
State Railway of Thailand
The State Railway of Thailand is the state-owned rail operator in Thailand. The network sees around 50 million passengers per annum.-History:SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam in 1890...
(SRT).
History
Interest in rail transport in Thailand can be traced to when King Rama IV was given a gift of a model railway from Queen Victoria.Network
Thailand has 4,431 kilometers of meter gauge railway tracks not including mass transit lines in Bangkok.Northern Line
The Northern Line begins alongside the Northeastern Line up until Ban Phachi Junction. Here, it splits from the Northeastern Line and proceeds through LopburiLopburi Province
Lop Buri is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Saraburi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Sing Buri and Nakhon Sawan.-Geography:...
, Nakhon Sawan
Nakhon Sawan Province
Nakhon Sawan is one of the provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Kamphaeng Phet, Phichit, Phetchabun, Lop Buri, Sing Buri, Chai Nat, Uthai Thani and Tak.- Etymology :...
, Phichit, Phitsanulok
Phitsanulok Province
Phitsanulok is a provinces of Thailand, located in the north. Neighboring provinces are Loei, Phetchabun, Phichit, Kamphaeng Phet, Sukhothai, Uttaradit. In the north-east it also has a short border with Xaignabouli of Laos....
, Denchai junction, Lampang
Lampang Province
Lampang is one of the northern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae, Sukhothai, Tak, Lamphun and Chiang Mai. The old name of Lampang is Khelang Nakhon.-Geography:...
, Lamphun
Lamphun Province
Lamphun is one of the northern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Chiang Mai, Lampang and Tak.-Geography:Lamphun is located in the river valley of the Ping River, surrounded by mountain chains....
, before finally reaching Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. It is the capital of Chiang Mai Province , a former capital of the Kingdom of Lanna and was the tributary Kingdom of Chiang Mai from 1774 until 1939. It is...
751 kilometers away from Bangkok
Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital and largest urban area city in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or simply Krung Thep , meaning "city of angels." The full name of Bangkok is Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom...
. There is also a branch off the mainline from Ban Dara junction to Sawankhalok in Sukhothai Province
Sukhothai Province
Sukhothai is one of the northern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Phrae, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak, and Lampang...
.
Northeastern Line
The Northeastern Line begins on the same route as the Northern Line, splitting at Ban Phachi Junction towards Nakhon RatchasimaNakhon Ratchasima Province
Nakhon Ratchasima or , often shortened to Korat or Khorat , is one of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand...
. Then at Thanon Chira Junction
Thanon Chira Junction
Thanon Chira Junction Station ) is the 2nd class station and the main railway station in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This station located in south side of city moat in the city of Nakhon Ratchasima. There are 18 daily trains served to this station. Also, there are 4 to 6 special trains service in...
, the line splits with one route passing Khon Kaen
Khon Kaen Province
-History:The first city of the area was established in 1783 when Rajakruluang settled there with 330 people. King Rama I made Rajakruluang the first governor of the area when establishing tighter connections with the Isan area. The main city was moved six times until in 1879 it reached its modern...
and Udon Thani
Udon Thani Province
Udon Thani is one of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Kalasin, Khon Kaen, Nong Bua Lamphu and Loei.- Geography :...
before terminating at Nong Khai
Nong Khai Province
Nong Khai is the northernmost of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Bueng Kan, Sakon Nakhon, Udon Thani and Loei...
624 kilometers from Bangkok. The other route passes through Buriram
Buriram Province
Buri Ram or is one of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Sa Kaeo, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham and Surin. To the south-east it borders Oddar Meancheay of Cambodia...
, Surin
Surin Province
Surin is one of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Buriram, Maha Sarakham, Roi Et and Sisaket...
, Si Sa Ket to reach Ubon Ratchathani
Ubon Ratchathani Province
-History:The area was part of the Khmer Empire. Before the late eighteenth century, this area evidently was outside Siamese or Thai Ayutthaya Kingdom....
, 575 kilometers from Bangkok.
There is also another branch route originating from Kaeng Khoi Junction in Saraburi Province
Saraburi Province
Saraburi is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Lopburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Nayok, Pathum Thani and Ayutthaya. Saraburi has been an important town since ancient times...
passing through Lamnarai in Lopburi Province
Lopburi Province
Lop Buri is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Saraburi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Sing Buri and Nakhon Sawan.-Geography:...
, Chaturat in Chaiyaphum Province
Chaiyaphum Province
Chaiyaphum is one of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, Lopburi and Phetchabun.- Etymology :...
, before joining the mainline heading towards Nong Khai at Bua Yai Junction
Bua Yai Junction
Bua Yai Junction Railway Station ) is the 1st class station and the main railway station in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This station located in northern part of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. There are 10 daily trains served to this station. Also, there are 4 to 6 special trains service in New Year,...
in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Nakhon Ratchasima or , often shortened to Korat or Khorat , is one of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand...
.
Southern Line
The Southern Line begins in Bangkok and heads west towards Nakhon PathomNakhon Pathom Province
Nakhon Pathom ) is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Suphan Buri, Ayutthaya, Nonthaburi, Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi...
before splitting into 3 different routes. One route heads west towards Kanchanaburi Province
Kanchanaburi Province
- History :Archaeology found in Kanchanaburi dates back to the 4th century which proves of trade with surrounding countries even in that time. Very little is also historically known about the actual Khmer influence in Kanchanaburi but there is evidence of their occupation with Prasat Muang Singh –...
(km 210) while another heads north towards Suphan Buri (km 157). The Southern Line itself continues southbound through Ratchaburi
Ratchaburi Province
Ratchaburi is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Pathom,Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram and Phetchaburi...
, Phetchaburi
Phetchaburi Province
Phetchaburi is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Ratchaburi, Samut Songkhram and Prachuap Khiri Khan...
, Hua Hin
Hua Hin
Hua Hin is a famous beach resort town in Thailand, in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula, some 200 km south of Bangkok. It has a population of 84,883 in an area of 911 km², and is one of eight districts of the Prachuap Khiri Khan province.Hua Hin is closely associated with the...
, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
Prachuap Khiri Khan is one of the central provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Phetchaburi in the north and Chumphon in the south. To the west it borders Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar....
, Chumphon
Chumphon Province
Chumphon ) is one of the southern provinces of Thailand, at the shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Prachuap Khiri Khan, Surat Thani and Ranong...
, to Surat Thani
Surat Thani Province
Surat Thani is the largest of the southern provinces of Thailand, on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means City of Good People, the title given to the city by King Vajiravudh ....
678 kilometers away. From Surat Thani, there is a westerly branch towards Khiri Ratnikhom while the main line continues south to Thung Song Junction in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Nakhon Si Thammarat is one of the southern provinces of Thailand, at the eastern shore of the Gulf of Thailand...
where another branch reaches Kantang in Trang Province
Trang Province
Trang is one of the southern provinces of Thailand, at the western shore of the Malay Peninsula to the Andaman Sea. Neighboring provinces are Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung and Satun....
. The main line from Nakhon Sri Thammarat continues through Phatthalung
Phatthalung
Phatthalung is a town in southern Thailand, capital of the Phatthalung Province.The town covers the whole tambon Khuhu Sawan, and small parts of the tambon Khao Chiak, Tha Mi Ram, Prang Mu, Lampam, Tamnan and Khuan Maphrao, all in Mueang Phatthalung district. As of 2005 it has a population of...
before reaching Hatyai Junction in Songkhla Province
Songkhla Province
Songkhla is one of the southern provinces of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Satun, Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani and Yala. To the south it borders Kedah and Perlis of Malaysia....
. From here, the line branches to connect with the Malaysian railway
Rail transport in Malaysia
Rail transport in Malaysia comprises heavy rail , light rail transit , monorail and a funicular railway line. Heavy rail is mostly used for intercity passenger and freight transport as well as some urban public transport, while LRTs are used for urban public transport and some special use such as...
at Padang Besar
Padang Besar
Padang Besar is a border town located in the northern part of Perlis state in Malaysia. It is situated on the border with Songkhla province, Thailand, 35 kilometers northeast of Kangar and about 70 km southwest of Hat Yai...
and Sungai Golok passing through Yala Province
Yala Province
Yala is the southernmost province of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Songkhla, Pattani and Narathiwat. Yala is the only land-locked province in the south of Thailand...
in the process.
Eastern Line
The Eastern Line begins at Bangkok before heading through Chacheongsao, PrachinburiPrachinburi Province
Prachin Buri is a province of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Nakhon Ratchasima, Sa Kaeo, Chachoengsao and Nakhon Nayok.-Geography:...
to terminate at Aranyaprathet station in Sa Kaew Province 255 kilometers later. There is an unused rail link to Cambodia from Aranyaprathet. A branch line also connects Khlong 19 to the Northeastern Line at Kaeng Khoi Junction. At Chacheongsao station, there is another branch to Sattahip from which there is also another branch to Sriracha Junction 139 kilometers from Bangkok. From Sriracha Junction, there is yet another branch towards Laem Chabang deep sea port and Mapthaphut.
Other lines
The Maeklong Railway is a line operated by the State Railway of ThailandState Railway of Thailand
The State Railway of Thailand is the state-owned rail operator in Thailand. The network sees around 50 million passengers per annum.-History:SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam in 1890...
. It is independent of the national rail network and is split into two sections. The line begins at Wong Wien Yai in Bangkok before terminating at Mahachai where a ferry is used by passengers to cross the Tha Chin river
Tha Chin River
The Tha Chin river is a distributary of the Chao Phraya river, Thailand. It splits near the province of Chainat and then flows westerly from the Chao Phraya through the central plains, until it mouths into the Gulf of Thailand at the province of Samut Sakhon....
. The line starts again across the river towards Mae Klong
Mae Klong
The Mae Klong is a river in western Thailand. The river begins at the confluence of the Khwae Noi or Khwae Sai Yok and the Khwae Yai River or Khwae Si Sawat in Kanchanaburi, pass Ratchaburi Province and empties into the Gulf of Thailand in Samut Songkhram....
.
Rail transport in Bangkok
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, King Rama V eagerly built a tram network for Bangkok by employing foreign engineers and technicians, especially Danish engineers. In fact, Bangkok had electric trams before Copenhagen. However, due to a lack of interest and maintenance the tram network was completely scrapped in 1968.Bangkok's first modern mass transit system, the BTS Skytrain, was opened on 5 December 1999. It consists of 23 stations and 2 lines with a combined route length of 23 kilometers and are run by 35 3-car EMU
Electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages...
trains built by Siemens
Siemens
Siemens may refer toSiemens, a German family name carried by generations of telecommunications industrialists, including:* Werner von Siemens , inventor, founder of Siemens AG...
. The railway uses third rail
Third rail
A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost...
at 750 V DC and unlike the mainline railway, is standard gauge
Standard gauge
The standard gauge is a widely-used track gauge . Approximately 60% of the world's existing railway lines are built to this gauge...
. On 3 July 2004, the Bangkok Metro
Bangkok Metro
The MRT , sometimes referred to as the Bangkok Metro, is Bangkok's underground metro system in Thailand. It was constructed under a concession concept...
, a 21 kilometer 18 station underground mass transit rail line was opened and is serviced by 19 3 car trains very similar to the Skytrain. In 2007 a record number of passengers per day on the Skytrain increased to nearly 400,000 while the number of passengers for the Metro increased with 190,000 people per day.
In August 2010. The Suvarnabhumi Airport Link, an express intracity train line by the State Railway of Thailand was completed. the rail line links Suvarnabhumi Airport
Suvarnabhumi Airport
Suvarnabhumi Airport , also known as Bangkok International Airport, is an international airport serving Bangkok, Thailand. It was officially opened for limited domestic flight service on 15 September 2006, and opened for most domestic and all international commercial flights on 28 September...
and Phaya Thai BTS Station as well as Makkasan station, which is also set to serve as the City Air Terminal.
Operators
All intercity rail transportation is managed by the State Railway of ThailandState Railway of Thailand
The State Railway of Thailand is the state-owned rail operator in Thailand. The network sees around 50 million passengers per annum.-History:SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam in 1890...
, a government agency responsible for rail infrastructure investment as well as freight and passenger services.
In Bangkok, the Skytrain is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited (BTSC) under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) but the investment for the structure and system were fully supported by BTSC.
The underground system is operated by Bangkok Metro Company Limited (BMCL), while whole project investments were shared by Mass Rapid Transit Authorities (MRTA) and BMCL, which all civil structures was provided by government sector and the system was provided by private sector (BMCL). The deal of contract between BMCL and MRTA are under the concession agreement for 25 years operation.
Future
Mass transit routes in Bangkok is also set to be expanded. Excluding the already under construction extensions to the Skytrain, the Bangkok Metropolitan Government is planning a northern as well as western expansion of the Skytrain. The Central Government, through the State Railway of Thailand and Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand are also planning to build several new metro routes, three of which will begin construction by year end.The Thai Government also has double tracking projects including a double tracking project currently in the works between Laem Chabang deep sea port and the Lad Krabang ICD. Also, in line with the Government's policy of reducing overall logistics costs in Thailand, there are plans to completely double track all the main lines in the country as well as upgrade track quality. The Government is also mulling a restructuring of the State Railway of Thailand and granting operating concessions to private freight operators. An international rail link is also being constructed towards Vientiane in Laos via Nong Khai and the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge.
There is also a plan to construct new railway routes to Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai Province
Chiang Rai is the northernmost province of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Phayao, Lampang and Chiang Mai. In the north it borders Shan State of Myanmar and Bokeo of Laos.-Geography:...
in the North via Denchai Junction, to Phuket
Phuket Province
Phuket , formerly known as Thalang and, in Western sources, Junk Ceylon , is one of the southern provinces of Thailand...
via Surat Thani, and to connect the Mae Klong railway to the main lines.
In October 2010, the Thai parliament approved initial proposals for a high speed rail network to be built with Chinese industrial partners; 5 lines capable of 250 km/h would radiate from Bangkok.
Rail links to adjacent countries
MalaysiaRail transport in Malaysia
Rail transport in Malaysia comprises heavy rail , light rail transit , monorail and a funicular railway line. Heavy rail is mostly used for intercity passenger and freight transport as well as some urban public transport, while LRTs are used for urban public transport and some special use such as...
- operational; same gauge Laos - trial running; use gauge cross Mekong
Mekong
The Mekong is a river that runs through China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. It is the world's 10th-longest river and the 7th-longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , and it drains an area of , discharging of water annually....
River on Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge Cambodia
Rail transport in Cambodia
Cambodia has of metre gauge rail network, consisting of two lines originally constructed during the time when the country was part of French Indochina...
- disused (being rebuilt) Myanmar
Rail transport in Burma
Burma has a railway network that is run by Myanmar Railways, a state owned railway company under the Ministry of Railways.-History:In May 1877, the first train left Rangoon for Prome, a town on the Irrawaddy 163 miles away and, particularly after the annexation of Upper Burma in 1886, lines toward...
- defunct - (see Death Railway
Death Railway
The Burma Railway, also known as the Death Railway, the Thailand–Burma Railway and similar names, was a railway between Bangkok, Thailand, and Rangoon, Burma , built by the Empire of Japan during World War II, to support its forces in the Burma campaign.Forced labour was used in its construction...
).
See also
- State Railway of ThailandState Railway of ThailandThe State Railway of Thailand is the state-owned rail operator in Thailand. The network sees around 50 million passengers per annum.-History:SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam in 1890...
- Bangkok SkytrainBangkok SkytrainThe Bangkok Mass Transit System, commonly known as the BTS Skytrain , is an elevated rapid transit system in Bangkok, Thailand. It is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration...
- Bangkok Subway
- Transport in ThailandTransport in ThailandTransport in Thailand is varied and chaotic, with no one dominant means of transport. Bus transport dominates in long distances and Bangkok, with motorbikes dominating in rural areas for short trips, supplanting bicycles. Road transportation is the primary form of freight transport across the...
- ThailandThailandThailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
- Burma Railway also known as Death Railway, Thailand–Burma Railway
- Economy of ThailandEconomy of ThailandThe economy of Thailand is a newly industrialized economy. It is a heavily export-dependent economy, with exports accounting for more than two thirds of gross domestic product ....