Rashid Khan Gaplanov
Encyclopedia
Rashid Khan Gaplanov Zavid oglu , also known as Rashid Khan Kaplanov, was an Azerbaijani
statesman of Kumyk ethnicity who served as the Minister of Finance
and Minister of Education and Religious Affairs
in the fifth and fourth cabinets
of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
.
family in Aksay
village of Khasavyurt District
in Dagestan
. He completed his secondary education in a Vladikavkaz
Realny School. In 1910, he graduated from the Law Department of Sorbonne University in 1910. He then taught at Istanbul University
in Turkey
.
In 1913, he returned to Vladikavkaz and worked as an attorney in a regional court. In 1918, upon establishment of Cherkes-Dagestan Republic and Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
, he held several ministerial positions within their governments. After Denikin forces invaded those republics bringing them under Russian rule, Gaplanov moved to Baku
, Azerbaijan
in early 1919.
. When the fourth cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was formed on April 14, 1919 under Prime Minister Nasib Yusifbeyli
, he was appointed the Minister of Education and Religious Affairs. As the Minister of Education, he played an important role in establishing institutions of higher education in Azerbaijan, among them the largest Baku State University
, where he also taught a course on Ottoman literature himself. He reportedly increased funding for the university to AZM
5 million to open a Phylology and Medicine departments. In 1919, Gaplanov arranged funding for 100 Azerbaijani students to study at universities abroad. He also spearheaded establishment of State Commission on General Education Reforms which eventually introduced the Azerbaijani alphabet
based on Latin script. Gaplanov remained in the office until December 22 of the same year, when the new fifth government was formed, where he took the position of Minister of Finance. He served as Minister of Finance until April 1, 1920.
After Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
on April 28, 1920 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ceased to exist. Gaplanov was subsequently arrested in June, 1920 along with many Azerbaijani statesmen and sent to Moscow prison. He was later released and taught a course on Turkish History
at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies
. Gaplanov was arrested as a part of the Great Purge
on October 8, 1937 and imprisoned at Butyrskaya and then Lefortovo
prisons. He was executed on December 10, 1937.
Azerbaijani people
The Azerbaijanis are a Turkic-speaking people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as in the neighbourhood states, Georgia, Russia and formerly Armenia. Commonly referred to as Azeris or Azerbaijani Turks , they also live in a wider area from the Caucasus to...
statesman of Kumyk ethnicity who served as the Minister of Finance
Ministry of Finance (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Finance of Azerbaijan Republic is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulating the financial sector in Azerbaijan Republic. The ministry is headed by Samir Sharifov.-History:...
and Minister of Education and Religious Affairs
Ministry of Education (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulating the education system in Azerbaijan. The ministry is headed by Misir Mardanov.-History:...
in the fifth and fourth cabinets
Fourth cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Fourth cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic governed Azerbaijan Democratic Republic between April 14, 1919 and December 22, 1919. It was formed after the third cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic dissolved on March 14, 1919 and was led by Prime Minister of Azerbaijan Nasib Yusifbeyli...
of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
.
Early years
Gaplanov was born to a royal Kumyk knyazKnyaz
Kniaz, knyaz or knez is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke....
family in Aksay
Aksay, Russia
Aksay is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.Urban localities*Aksay, Rostov Oblast, a town in Aksaysky District of Rostov OblastRural localities...
village of Khasavyurt District
Khasavyurtovsky District
Khasavyurtovsky District is an administrative and a municipal district , one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khasavyurt...
in Dagestan
Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
. He completed his secondary education in a Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz
-Notable structures:In Vladikavkaz, there is a guyed TV mast, tall, built in 1961, which has six crossbars with gangways in two levels running from the mast structure to the guys.-Twin towns/sister cities:...
Realny School. In 1910, he graduated from the Law Department of Sorbonne University in 1910. He then taught at Istanbul University
Istanbul University
Istanbul University is a Turkish university located in Istanbul. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square.- Synopsis :A madrasa, a religious school, was established sometime in the 15th century after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. An institution of higher education named the...
in Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
.
In 1913, he returned to Vladikavkaz and worked as an attorney in a regional court. In 1918, upon establishment of Cherkes-Dagestan Republic and Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was a short-lived state situated in the Northern Caucasus...
, he held several ministerial positions within their governments. After Denikin forces invaded those republics bringing them under Russian rule, Gaplanov moved to Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
in early 1919.
Political career
In Baku, Gaplanov joined Ahrar Party and was elected to the Azerbaijani ParliamentNational Assembly of Azerbaijan
The National Assembly , also transliterated as Milli Majlis is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. The unicameral National Assembly has 125 deputies: previously 100 members were elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies and 25 were members elected by proportional...
. When the fourth cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was formed on April 14, 1919 under Prime Minister Nasib Yusifbeyli
Nasib Yusifbeyli
Nasib Yusif oglu Yusifbeyli or Usubbeyov - Azerbaijani publicist, statesman and major political figure in Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.-Early years:Nasib Yusifbeyli was born in 1881 in Elisavetpol...
, he was appointed the Minister of Education and Religious Affairs. As the Minister of Education, he played an important role in establishing institutions of higher education in Azerbaijan, among them the largest Baku State University
Baku State University
Baku State University is a public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Established in 1919 by the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the University started with faculties of history and philology; physics and mathematics; law and medicine with an initial enrollment of 1094...
, where he also taught a course on Ottoman literature himself. He reportedly increased funding for the university to AZM
Azerbaijani manat
The Manat is the currency of Azerbaijan. It is subdivided into 100 qəpik. The word manat is borrowed from "moneta" which is pronounced as "maneta"...
5 million to open a Phylology and Medicine departments. In 1919, Gaplanov arranged funding for 100 Azerbaijani students to study at universities abroad. He also spearheaded establishment of State Commission on General Education Reforms which eventually introduced the Azerbaijani alphabet
Azerbaijani alphabet
In the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijani alphabet refers to a Latin alphabet used for writing the Azerbaijani language. This superseded a previous versions based on Cyrillic and Arabic scripts....
based on Latin script. Gaplanov remained in the office until December 22 of the same year, when the new fifth government was formed, where he took the position of Minister of Finance. He served as Minister of Finance until April 1, 1920.
After Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
The Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan, also known as the Sovietization or Soviet occupation of Azerbaijan, was a military campaign carried out by the 11th Army of Soviet Russia on April 27 - May 11, 1920 to overthrow the government of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and to install a Bolshevik regime...
on April 28, 1920 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ceased to exist. Gaplanov was subsequently arrested in June, 1920 along with many Azerbaijani statesmen and sent to Moscow prison. He was later released and taught a course on Turkish History
History of Turkey
The history of the Turks begins with the migration of Oghuz Turks into Anatolia in the context of the larger Turkic expansion, forming the Seljuq Empire in the 11th century. After the Seljuq victory over forces of the Byzantine Empire in 1071 at the Battle of Manzikert, the process was accelerated...
at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies
Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies
Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies ) was a university-level educational institution that operated in Moscow, Russia, in 1920-1954. It was created as a result of merging Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages and the Oriental studies departments in Moscow's other higher educational...
. Gaplanov was arrested as a part of the Great Purge
Great Purge
The Great Purge was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin from 1936 to 1938...
on October 8, 1937 and imprisoned at Butyrskaya and then Lefortovo
Lefortovo prison
Lefortovo prison is a prison in Moscow, Russia, which, since 2005, has been under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. It was built in 1881...
prisons. He was executed on December 10, 1937.
See also
- Azerbaijani National CouncilAzerbaijani National CouncilAzerbaijani National Council was the first delegated legislative body of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 27 May 1918 to 17 June 1918 and again from 16 November 1918 to 3 December 1918...
- Cabinets of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920)
- Current Cabinet of Azerbaijan RepublicCabinet of AzerbaijanThe Cabinet of Azerbaijan is the chief executive body of the Republic of Azerbaijan.-The Executive Power:The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state....