Real estate in Puerto Rico
Encyclopedia
See also Immovable
and Real property
.
Puerto Rico's real estate
industry trails behind the long-established aphorism
of triple-Ls. The island’s name (rich port), describes its contemporary multicultural marketing mix
(or documented endowment) established thirty-three (33) years after the conclusion of the American Civil War
.
launched the Puerto Rican Reconstruction Administration
, which provided agricultural development, public works, and electrification of the island. In 1948, a series of projects established manufacturing as the main industry. Since the Great Depression
there has been external investment in capital-intensive industry such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and technology. With the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement
and the Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement, Puerto Rico lost a trade advantage over some Latin American countries as the right to duty-free imports to the U.S. market were expanded. Puerto Rico is also subject to the minimum wage laws of the United States, which gives lower-wage countries such as Mexico and the Dominican Republic
an economic advantage in real estate
.
also established Puerto Rican citizenship
. President William McKinley
signed the act on April 12, 1900, two (2) years after the Treaty of Paris
of 1898.
in Puerto Rico, under Article II of the LAW 47 (Ley 47) of June 26, 1987.
(FmHA), but now through the Farm Service Agency
. The legislation was originally enacted as the Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961. In 1972, this title was changed to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, and is often referred to as the Con Act.
(FmHA). The legislation was originally enacted as the Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-128). The Con Act, as amended, currently serves as the authorizing statute for USDA’s agricultural and rural development lending programs. Titles in the Act include current authority for the following three (3) major (FSA)
farm loan programs: farm ownership loans
, farm operating loans
and emergency disaster loans. Title III of the Con Act authorizes rural development loans and grants (7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.) under the Rural Development Act of 1972 (P.L.92-419)
also known as the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
. In 2006, The Village Voice
called HUD New York City's worst landlord and the #1 worst in the United States. The criticism is based upon decrepit conditions of buildings and questionable eviction practices. (Area Code)
, introduced a bill prohibiting territories from using more than 10 percent of their cover-over receipts for industry specific subsidies. This was as a result of increased competition to source distillery production between Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
mentioned the use of 6,743 million dollars funded by ARRA
for some development projects. He also stated that only 13% may be used for infrastructure and that 2,000 employments have been created with Federal Funds.
The governor also handed out 40 property titles and signed three bills aimed at improving the tourist sector. He also transferred two closed down schools to the Ceiba municipal government. In all, eight municipalities came away from the activity with new funding for projects. Ceiba and Naguabo were the big winners with each taking $1.5 million. Loíza was assigned $950,000, Canóvanas, Luquillo and Vieques $800,000 each. Culebra took home $600,000 while Río Grande received $165,100. All funds come from ARRA grants and allocations.
residential, commercial and industrial buildings, in reserved areas (or sectors) that float on the verge of social and multicultural transmutation. These reserved hotspots are predetermined for specified usage through systematical and schematic corporate policy for future political advantage and current economic benefit.
and urban development
is a governmental power
established under Executive
order in conjunction with the Legislative
and Judicial
branches of Puerto Rico. Both the Puerto Rico Planning Board
(Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico) and Rules and Permits Administration (Administración de Reglamentos y Permisos - ARPE) act as two (2) random variable agencies independent from each other to keep balances in check and delegate (1) economic planning (2) land use zoning and (3) case-by-case permitting in the city-state
of Puerto Rico. Since the late 1900s, major townships have been taking over that role under their own jurisdiction: "no se compensa por restricciones o limitaciones que la zonificación imponga sobre las propiedades." The Puerto Rico Planning Board
was created on May 12, 1942 during the Rexford Tugwell
's administration under Law 213 which converged centralized governmental planning with a New Deal
philosophy under one (1) American Flag
. It was later reorganized by the Law 75 of June 24, 1975.
for companies headquartered inside Puerto Rico.
Antitrust Division
announced the launch of a new web site in October 2007 to educate consumer
s and policymakers about the potential benefits that competition can bring to consumers of real estate brokerage services and the barriers that inhibit that competition. Among other findings, they report that certain new sales models can reduce consumer home sales costs by thousands of dollars. For example, in states that allow open competition, some buyer's brokers rebate up to two-thirds of their commission
to the customer, and some seller's brokers offer limited-service packages that let sellers list their homes on the local multiple listing service (MLS) for as little as a few hundred dollars." The DOJ web site, Competition and Real Estate, includes a link to the real estate laws of each U.S. state and how they support or inhibit real estate brokerage competition.
(DACO) and establish its functions under one (1) organic law
.
: simplicity.
of the Cranston-Gonzalez Act of 1990 (or Ley de Vivienda del 1990).
Desperdicios Sólidos (also known as solid waste
)
Reforma (to assess or reinforce)
of Puerto Rico.
regulations of April 3, 1997 established under the Roselló Administration
:
s (or other instruments). These are loans for which the real property itself constitutes collateral
. Banks are willing to make such loans at favorable rates in large part because, if the borrower does not make payments, the lender can foreclose
by filing a court action which allows them to take back the property and sell it to get their money back. For investors, profitability can be enhanced by using an off plan
or pre-construction strategy to purchase at a lower price which is often the case in the pre-construction phase of development. But in many developing countries there is no effective means by which a lender could foreclose, so the mortgage loan industry, as such, either does not exist at all or is only available to members of privileged social classes.
between two (2) outgoing parties herein represented under one (1) preeminent program.
world Zoning breakthrough On June 29, 2010, the Governor of Puerto Rico
signs a sweeping unconventional bill transferring thirty (30) installations to municipalities with the objective of providing postmodern art space, avant-garde
security
and cutting-edge
Head Start centers with contemporary health
amenities for communities. According to Luis Fortuño
, the municipalities receiving the properties are Barceloneta, Caguas, Cidra, Comerío, Guayama, Gurabo, Humacao, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Morovis, Naguabo, Peñuelas, Ponce, Salinas, San Lorenzo, San Sebastián, Yabucoa and Yauco. He also transferred the administration of the Yabucoa Diagnostic and Treatment Center to that municipality. According to the new law, the municipal authority should cede its jurisdiction, in case of jurisdictional conflict, to the state authority in order to limit the violations of municipal laws from police action. This world evolutionary breakthrough, a platform promise for a new generation, will mark a new era in the history of municipal autonomy which represents a concrete contribution by the government to seek solutions to prevent crime in Puerto Rico.
) is the driving force application for real estate
in Puerto Rico.
was conceived and formulated by Jules Florencio Cortázar during the process of writing Hopscotch between 1961 and 1963. Urban Kibbutz also connotes a social gathering (of profound cosmopolitan revival) influenced by public art
exhibitions, alternative lifestyle events, experimental media paraphernalia, urban beach festivals and downtown music
extravaganza.
Urban Kibbutz is a form of kibbutz
located within any existing urkiz
of Puerto Rico. According to top Israeli Diplomat & Consul General Ofer Bavly
, the island of Puerto Rico is getting closer to a more beneficial economic liaison with a new state of mind for business.
>
Un distrito mixto con las siguientes limitaciones:
names Appellate Court Judge Edgardo Rivera García
as the new Associate Judge of the Supreme Court in the Federal District of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan
. Edgardo Rivera García has a B.A. in education from the University of Puerto Rico
, an M.B.A. in Public Administration from the UPR Public Administration Graduate School and Juris Doctor from the UPR Law School, where he graduated with top honors in 1989. He will be finally joining forces with The Honourable
Jay García-Gregory
Sacks
.
s is empowering the need of a BPM in the Sustainable city
of San Juan
. The high demand for strategic programs that will generate brand equity
is being evaluated by the FDA to ensure and safeguard the aim of transmuting the current economic resources and financial obligations of any organization into a long-term sustainable business. This will be a top-notch kill to stamp out and overhaul the old futile ADP in Puerto Rico which still lives under the following paradox for mediocrity:
LadyDelay in conjunction to GreenOrder
has been established as the one (1) being-entity lead to counterattack
, obliterate
and revamp the following ADP proem:
on August 2010, representatives of Trump SoHo said the project was “30, 40, 50, 60 percent or more sold” — both in individual sales pitches and statements to the press—but after the offering plan became effective in May, buyers learned that just over 15 percent of the building, 62 of the 391 units, had been sold.
Group, the island's economy has experienced a dramatic turnaround after three (3) years of uninterrupted economic decline. This nascent recovery is being supported by an ambitious and aggressive fiscal plan implemented by Puerto Rico's government backed by the fiscal stabilization package established last year in the United States.
becomes the first in the Caribbean Basin
built and certified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
of the U.S. Green Building Council. This building complex within the District
of Santurce
is distinguished for fulfilling all the requirements of a LEED CERTIFIED HOTEL with electrical models, recycling, disposal
of construction materials, and the use of local and recycled materials. According to Anthony Torres, the hotel also runs with environmental rules involving energy consumption, quality and filtration of air, green cleaning detergents and materials, and a controlled laundry process designed to maximize the use of natural resources.
, the island's republic estate will be a competitor in the world of high luxury with the construction of a six-star hotel after closing a $231 million construction-financing agreement that turns the Dorado Beach Resort into a Ritz-Carlton Reserve.
The hotel is expected to be completed by 2012.
Fortuño also anticipated that Puerto Rico will count on a Integrated Construction Code by a family of codes established by The International Council of Codes to maximize the construction standards in the island and enact corporate social responsibility
with the intention of forging safe sustainable methods in construction.
, "developed economies'" assets at the end of 2002 were the following:
That makes real estate assets 54% and financial assets 46% of total stocks, bonds, and real estate assets. Assets not counted here are bank deposits
, insurance
"reserve" assets, natural resources
, and human assets. It is not clear if all debt
and equity
investments are counted in the categories equities and bond.
material: Articles 6A-6J-6K and 19.
businesses in Mexico and Central America are different from the way that they are conducted in the United States. Some similarities include a variety of legal formalities (with professionals such as real estate agents generally employed to assist the buyer); taxes need to be paid (but typically less than those in U.S.); legal paperwork will ensure title; and a neutral party such as a title company will handle documentation and money in order to make the smooth exchange between the parties. Increasingly, U.S. title companies are doing work for U.S. buyers in Mexico and Central America. Prices are often much cheaper than most areas of the U.S., but in many locations, prices of houses and lots are as expensive as the U.S., one example being Mexico City. U.S. banks have begun to give home loans for properties in Mexico, but, so far, not for other Latin American countries.
One important difference from the United States is that each country has rules regarding where foreigners can buy. For example, in Mexico, foreigners cannot buy land or homes within 50 km of the coast or 100 km from a border unless they hold title in a Mexican Corporation or a Fideicomiso (a Mexican trust). In Honduras
, however, they may buy beach front property directly in their name. There are different rules regarding certain types of property: ejidal land communally held farm property can only be sold after a lengthy entitlement process, but that does not prevent them from being offered for sale. In Costa Rica
, real estate agents do not need a license to operate, but the transfer of property requires a lawyer.
(which has left many traces in the common law
) the king was the owner of all land, and everyone who occupied land paid him rent directly or indirectly (through lords who in turn paid the king), in cash, goods or services (including military service). Property tax
, paid to the state, can be seen as a relic of that system, as is the term fee simple
. However, this derivation of real is a misconception.
Immovable property
Immovable property is an immovable object, an item of property that cannot be moved without destroying or altering it - property that is fixed to the Earth, such as land or a house. In the United States it is also commercially and legally known as real estate and in Britain as property...
and Real property
Real property
In English Common Law, real property, real estate, realty, or immovable property is any subset of land that has been legally defined and the improvements to it made by human efforts: any buildings, machinery, wells, dams, ponds, mines, canals, roads, various property rights, and so forth...
.
Puerto Rico's real estate
Real estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
industry trails behind the long-established aphorism
Aphorism
An aphorism is an original thought, spoken or written in a laconic and memorable form.The term was first used in the Aphorisms of Hippocrates...
of triple-Ls. The island’s name (rich port), describes its contemporary multicultural marketing mix
Marketing mix
The term "marketing mix" was coined in 1953 by Neil Borden in his American Marketing Association presidential address. However, this was actually a reformulation of an earlier idea by his associate, James Culliton, who in 1948 described the role of the marketing manager as a "mixer of ingredients",...
(or documented endowment) established thirty-three (33) years after the conclusion of the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
.
Preamble
In 1935, United States President Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt , also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war...
launched the Puerto Rican Reconstruction Administration
Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration
Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration was one of the alphabet agencies, created during the American New Deal. It was established in the Department of the Interior by Executive Order 7057 of May 28, 1935, and eliminated as of February 26, 1940, by act of August 15, 1953 .The objectives of the...
, which provided agricultural development, public works, and electrification of the island. In 1948, a series of projects established manufacturing as the main industry. Since the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
there has been external investment in capital-intensive industry such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and technology. With the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement
North American Free Trade Agreement
The North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA is an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement...
and the Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement, Puerto Rico lost a trade advantage over some Latin American countries as the right to duty-free imports to the U.S. market were expanded. Puerto Rico is also subject to the minimum wage laws of the United States, which gives lower-wage countries such as Mexico and the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
an economic advantage in real estate
Real estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
.
- Post-Foraker ActForaker ActThe Foraker Act,officially the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had been newly acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War. Section VII of the Foraker Act also established Puerto...
of 1900 - see also Blanton Winship as benchmark
- see also William D. LeahyWilliam D. LeahyFleet Admiral William Daniel Leahy was an American naval officer, building his reputation through administration and staff work. As Chief of Naval Operations he was the senior officer in Navy, overseeing the preparations for war. After retiring from the Navy he was appointed by his close friend...
as benchmark - see also Rexford TugwellRexford TugwellRexford Guy Tugwell was an agricultural economist who became part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's first "Brain Trust," a group of Columbia academics who helped develop policy recommendations leading up to Roosevelt's 1932 election as President...
as benchmark - Operation BootstrapOperation BootstrapFor other uses, see Bootstrapping and Bootstrapping .Operation Bootstrap is the name given to the ambitious projects which industrialized Puerto Rico in the mid-20th century.-History:...
of 1948 - see also African immigration to Puerto RicoAfrican immigration to Puerto RicoThe history of African people in Puerto Rico begins with the immigration of African free men who accompanied the invading Spanish Conquistadors. The Spaniards enslaved the Taínos , and many of them died as a result of Spaniards' oppressive colonization efforts...
- see also Jewish immigration to Puerto RicoJewish immigration to Puerto RicoThe Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico began in the 15th century with the arrival of the anusim who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage...
- see also Dominican immigration to Puerto RicoDominican immigration to Puerto RicoThere's been movement of people from the territory of the Dominican Republic to its eastern neighbor Puerto Rico, and vice versa, since colonial times, but Dominican immigration to Puerto Rico has risen sharply in recent decades, with tens of thousands of arrivals since 1961...
- see also Corsican immigration to Puerto RicoCorsican immigration to Puerto RicoCorsican immigration to Puerto Rico came about as a result of various economic and political changes in the mid-19th century Europe; among those factors were the social-economic changes which came about in Europe as a result of the Second Industrial Revolution, political discontent and widespread...
- see also Irish immigration to Puerto RicoIrish immigration to Puerto RicoFrom the 16th to the 19th century, there was considerable Irish immigration to Puerto Rico, for a number of reasons. During the 16th century many Irishmen, who were known as "Wild Geese," fled the English Army and joined the Spanish Army. Some of these men were stationed in Puerto Rico and...
- see also German immigration to Puerto RicoGerman immigration to Puerto RicoGerman immigration to Puerto Rico increased when German businessmen immigrated to Puerto Rico during the early part of the 19th century. However, it was the economic and political situation in Europe during the early 19th century plus, the fact that the Spanish Crown issued the Royal Decree of...
- see also French immigration to Puerto RicoFrench immigration to Puerto RicoThe French immigration to Puerto Rico came about as a result of the economic and political situations which occurred in various places such as Louisiana , Saint-Domingue and in Europe....
- September Attacks of 2001
- see also Puerto Rico 2011 as benchmark
Foraker Act of 1900
The Foraker Act, officially the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian (limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had been newly acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War. Section VII of the Foraker ActForaker Act
The Foraker Act,officially the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had been newly acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War. Section VII of the Foraker Act also established Puerto...
also established Puerto Rican citizenship
Puerto Rican citizenship
Puerto Rican citizenship was first legislated by the U.S. Congress in Article 7 of the Foraker Act of 1900 and later recognized by the Puerto Rican constitution...
. President William McKinley
William McKinley
William McKinley, Jr. was the 25th President of the United States . He is best known for winning fiercely fought elections, while supporting the gold standard and high tariffs; he succeeded in forging a Republican coalition that for the most part dominated national politics until the 1930s...
signed the act on April 12, 1900, two (2) years after the Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was signed on December 10, 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American War, and came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the ratifications were exchanged....
of 1898.
Governmental grants
Subsidies (or subsidios) - a sum of capital granted by the government to assist an industry or business, such is the case of Real EstateReal estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
in Puerto Rico, under Article II of the LAW 47 (Ley 47) of June 26, 1987.
Bankhead–Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937
The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937 (P.L. 75-210) authorized acquisition by the federal government of damaged lands to rehabilitate and use them for various purposes. Both the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management manage some Bankhead-Jones lands. Some Forest Service Bankhead-Jones lands are National Grasslands.- programa para la compra y mejoras de granjas.
- préstamos de 40 años para agricultores.
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961
The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-128) authorized a major expansion of USDA lending activities, which at the time were administered by Farmers Home AdministrationFarmers Home Administration
In 1946 Farmers Home Administration replaced the Farm Security Administration which superseded the Resettlement Administration. Its mission and programs involved extending credit for agriculture and rural development. Direct and guaranteed credit went to individual farmers, low-income families,...
(FmHA), but now through the Farm Service Agency
Farm Service Agency
The Farm Service Agency is the USDA agency into which were merged several predecessor agencies, including the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service . The ASCS was, as the FSA is now, primarily tasked with the implementation of farm conservation and regulation laws around the country...
. The legislation was originally enacted as the Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961. In 1972, this title was changed to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, and is often referred to as the Con Act.
- préstamo para financiar la rehabilitación y facilidades de agua, alcantarillado, eliminación de desperdicios en areas rurales.
- 1962 se extendió para proveer viviendas a bajo costo a envejecientes.
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972
The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972 or Con Act (P.L. 92-419) authorized a major expansion of USDA lending activities, which at the time were administered by Farmers Home AdministrationFarmers Home Administration
In 1946 Farmers Home Administration replaced the Farm Security Administration which superseded the Resettlement Administration. Its mission and programs involved extending credit for agriculture and rural development. Direct and guaranteed credit went to individual farmers, low-income families,...
(FmHA). The legislation was originally enacted as the Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-128). The Con Act, as amended, currently serves as the authorizing statute for USDA’s agricultural and rural development lending programs. Titles in the Act include current authority for the following three (3) major (FSA)
Farm Service Agency
The Farm Service Agency is the USDA agency into which were merged several predecessor agencies, including the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service . The ASCS was, as the FSA is now, primarily tasked with the implementation of farm conservation and regulation laws around the country...
farm loan programs: farm ownership loans
Farm ownership loans
The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act , authorizes the Farm Service Agency to make direct and guaranteed farm ownership loans to eligible family farmers....
, farm operating loans
Farm operating loans
The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act , authorizes the Farm Service Agency to make direct and guaranteed farm operating loans....
and emergency disaster loans. Title III of the Con Act authorizes rural development loans and grants (7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.) under the Rural Development Act of 1972 (P.L.92-419)
- autorizó a la Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) a garantizar préstamos a instituciones hipotecarias para viviviendas, agricultura, comercio e industria rurales.
Special program of 1974
Section Eight (8) of the Housing Act or (Ley de Vivienda del 1937)- un programa administrado por HUDUnited States Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentThe United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, also known as HUD, is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government...
. - subsidios de vivienda a familiares a bajos ingresos.
- Plan Eight (8) of Puerto Rico
- subsidio para alquileres.
- rehabilitación de edificios.
- construcción de nuevas unidades para alquilar.
- ayuda a constructores y urbanizadores hasta 15 años para edificios existentes; hasta 20 años para nuevos o rehabilitados.
- los tenants califican de acuerdo con sus ingresos.
- los ingresos del tenant no pueden ser mas del 80% del ingreso promedio del área.
- los tenants tienen que pagar hasta 30% de los ingresos de la familia.
Urban Development Grants
Also known as UDAG as to Action, Urban Development Grants are managed by HUDUnited States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, also known as HUD, is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government...
also known as the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, also known as HUD, is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government...
. In 2006, The Village Voice
The Village Voice
The Village Voice is a free weekly newspaper and news and features website in New York City that features investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts and music coverage, and events listings for New York City...
called HUD New York City's worst landlord and the #1 worst in the United States. The criticism is based upon decrepit conditions of buildings and questionable eviction practices. (Area Code)
Vieques, Puerto Rico
Vieques , in full Isla de Vieques, is an island–municipality of Puerto Rico in the northeastern Caribbean, part of an island grouping sometimes known as the Spanish Virgin Islands...
- un programa administrado por HUDUnited States Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentThe United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, also known as HUD, is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government...
. - fondos para proyectos de recuperación económica en ciudades con un grave problema económico.
- en 1983 todos los municipios fueron elegibles para fondos UDAG.
- UDAG pone el 28% de la inversión; y el 72% restante lo ponen inversionistas privados de la comunidad.
- project specimens:
- urbanizaciones
- fábricas
- tiendas
- centros comerciales
- edificios de oficinas
Cross-over subsidies
Cover-over subsidies are annual payments from the U.S. government to the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico out of federal excise taxes. When a bottle of rum is produced in either the Virgin Islands or Puerto Rico, and then sold in the United States, the federal excise tax on that bottle is returned to its place of production. Cover-over subsidies for U.S. island territories began in 1917. In 2008, the taxes generated about $371 million for Puerto Rico and $100 million for the Virgin Islands. In April 2009, Puerto Rico's congressional representative, Pedro PierluisiPedro Pierluisi
Pedro R. Pierluisi Urrutia is a Puerto Rican lawyer and politician affiliated with the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico and the United States Democratic Party...
, introduced a bill prohibiting territories from using more than 10 percent of their cover-over receipts for industry specific subsidies. This was as a result of increased competition to source distillery production between Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
On August 6, 2010, Governor Luis FortuñoLuis Fortuño
Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset is the governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States of America. Fortuño is also the president of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico , a member of the Republican National Committee, and will be president of the Council of State...
mentioned the use of 6,743 million dollars funded by ARRA
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, abbreviated ARRA and commonly referred to as the Stimulus or The Recovery Act, is an economic stimulus package enacted by the 111th United States Congress in February 2009 and signed into law on February 17, 2009, by President Barack Obama.To...
for some development projects. He also stated that only 13% may be used for infrastructure and that 2,000 employments have been created with Federal Funds.
- we would have liked it to have been 70 percent, but you can't look a gift horse in the mouth ~ (Lgf)
- Private and Public Alliances (PPA)
- if outsiders come they will all think that it is a great way for the island to succeed.
- the government has to stop being the engine that moves the economy, you are the engines (the private sector)
- reducing cost and stabilizing the price on electricity to better the competitiveness of the island in order to start producing energy in a clean green way and create green employments.
- as a promoter of PR, I had a meeting with Carlos Slim, and I must say that he was surprised to see how eager we are in the island for it to succeed, we have sowed the seeds so the economy may be competitive. I strongly recommend that local companies be part of the PPA program before importing designs and engineers.
- PPA is not a project, it is a program that should keep operating for years to come.
The governor also handed out 40 property titles and signed three bills aimed at improving the tourist sector. He also transferred two closed down schools to the Ceiba municipal government. In all, eight municipalities came away from the activity with new funding for projects. Ceiba and Naguabo were the big winners with each taking $1.5 million. Loíza was assigned $950,000, Canóvanas, Luquillo and Vieques $800,000 each. Culebra took home $600,000 while Río Grande received $165,100. All funds come from ARRA grants and allocations.
Zoning
Zoning (also known as zonificación in Spanish speaking state-republics) is the customary practice (or conventional strategic procedure) of dividing a city, district or municipality with the sole intention (objective common goal) of project planningProject planning
Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment....
residential, commercial and industrial buildings, in reserved areas (or sectors) that float on the verge of social and multicultural transmutation. These reserved hotspots are predetermined for specified usage through systematical and schematic corporate policy for future political advantage and current economic benefit.
Rundown
Its Zoning purpose of empowering market growthEconomic growth
In economics, economic growth is defined as the increasing capacity of the economy to satisfy the wants of goods and services of the members of society. Economic growth is enabled by increases in productivity, which lowers the inputs for a given amount of output. Lowered costs increase demand...
and urban development
Urban planning
Urban planning incorporates areas such as economics, design, ecology, sociology, geography, law, political science, and statistics to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities....
is a governmental power
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...
established under Executive
Executive (government)
Executive branch of Government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.In many countries, the term...
order in conjunction with the Legislative
Legislature
A legislature is a kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. The law created by a legislature is called legislation or statutory law. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures usually have exclusive authority to raise or lower taxes and adopt the budget and...
and Judicial
Judiciary
The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes...
branches of Puerto Rico. Both the Puerto Rico Planning Board
Puerto Rico Planning Board
The Puerto Rico Planning Board was created in the 1940s during Rexford G. Tugwell's governorship and is the only state government agency in charge of centralized planning under the American flag...
(Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico) and Rules and Permits Administration (Administración de Reglamentos y Permisos - ARPE) act as two (2) random variable agencies independent from each other to keep balances in check and delegate (1) economic planning (2) land use zoning and (3) case-by-case permitting in the city-state
City-state
A city-state is an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as a part of another local government.-Historical city-states:...
of Puerto Rico. Since the late 1900s, major townships have been taking over that role under their own jurisdiction: "no se compensa por restricciones o limitaciones que la zonificación imponga sobre las propiedades." The Puerto Rico Planning Board
Puerto Rico Planning Board
The Puerto Rico Planning Board was created in the 1940s during Rexford G. Tugwell's governorship and is the only state government agency in charge of centralized planning under the American flag...
was created on May 12, 1942 during the Rexford Tugwell
Rexford Tugwell
Rexford Guy Tugwell was an agricultural economist who became part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's first "Brain Trust," a group of Columbia academics who helped develop policy recommendations leading up to Roosevelt's 1932 election as President...
's administration under Law 213 which converged centralized governmental planning with a New Deal
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call...
philosophy under one (1) American Flag
Flag of the United States
The national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars alternating with rows...
. It was later reorganized by the Law 75 of June 24, 1975.
Law 77 of 1964
Law 77 of 1964 (also known as Ley Número 77 del 25 de Junio de 1964) regulates the business of Real EstateReal estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
for companies headquartered inside Puerto Rico.
Antithesis
"Se reglamenta las transacciones realizadas en la isla por compañias dedicadas a la venta de Bienes Raices localizadas fuera de Puerto Rico" (Law 45 of 1980)U.S. government involvement
The US Department of JusticeUnited States Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice , is the United States federal executive department responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries.The Department is led by the Attorney General, who is nominated...
Antitrust Division
United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division
The United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division is responsible for enforcing the antitrust laws of the United States. It shares jurisdiction over civil antitrust cases with the Federal Trade Commission and often works jointly with the FTC to provide regulatory guidance to businesses...
announced the launch of a new web site in October 2007 to educate consumer
Consumer
Consumer is a broad label for any individuals or households that use goods generated within the economy. The concept of a consumer occurs in different contexts, so that the usage and significance of the term may vary.-Economics and marketing:...
s and policymakers about the potential benefits that competition can bring to consumers of real estate brokerage services and the barriers that inhibit that competition. Among other findings, they report that certain new sales models can reduce consumer home sales costs by thousands of dollars. For example, in states that allow open competition, some buyer's brokers rebate up to two-thirds of their commission
Commission (remuneration)
The payment of commission as remuneration for services rendered or products sold is a common way to reward sales people. Payments often will be calculated on the basis of a percentage of the goods sold...
to the customer, and some seller's brokers offer limited-service packages that let sellers list their homes on the local multiple listing service (MLS) for as little as a few hundred dollars." The DOJ web site, Competition and Real Estate, includes a link to the real estate laws of each U.S. state and how they support or inhibit real estate brokerage competition.
Legislation
Ley Número 21 del 20 de mayo de 1987 emmendada principalmente por las leyes Número 156 del 10 de agosto de 1988 y la Número 22 del 16 de julio de 1992. (23 L.P.R.A., Secs. 64 y sig.); Reglamento Número 3843 de Control de Tránsito y uso público de calles locales.Concept
En el 1987, la Asamblea Legislativa aprobó la Ley Número 21 del 20 de mayo para autorizar a urbanizaciones y comunidades a controlar el acceso vehicular de automóviles y el uso público de sus calles residenciales con el propósito principal de proveer a nuestra ciudadanía un instrumento adicional para combatir la criminalidad y así procurar su cooperación activa en la lucha contra el crimen. La ley pretende además mejorar la seguridad y tranquilidad de nuestras comunidades de modo que los vecinos puedan lograr una sana convivencia e interacción comunitaria. El concepto de Control de Acceso implica que se preserva la naturaleza pública de las calles residenciales mientras se permite a los residentes establecer unos medios para controlar el tráfico de vehículos y el uso público, y así velar por su propia seguridad y cultivar un ambiente propicio para una mejor convivencia.Law 5 of 1973
Law Five (5) was enacted on April 23, 1973 to create the Puerto Rico Department of Consumer AffairsPuerto Rico Department of Consumer Affairs
The Puerto Rico Department of Consumer Affairs, was created by Law 5 of April 23, 1973 as a Cabinet-level successor to ASERCO, or Administration for Services to Consumers...
(DACO) and establish its functions under one (1) organic law
Organic law
An organic or fundamental law is a law or system of laws which forms the foundation of a government, corporation or other organization's body of rules. A constitution is a particular form of organic law for a sovereign state....
.
Summary
Ley Número 5 del 1973 was a transfer of power from (one side to the other end) to enforce the new Organic Law under one common denominator during the Ferré AdministrationLuis A. Ferré
Don Luis Alberto Ferré Aguayo was a Puerto Rican engineer, industrialist, politician, philanthropist, and a patron of the arts. He was the third Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1969 to 1973, and the founding father of the New Progressive Party which advocates for Puerto Rico...
: simplicity.
HOME of 1990
HOME is a program established under (Title II) also known as HOME Investment Partnerships ProgramHOME Investment Partnerships Program
The HOME Investment Partnerships Program is a type of United States Federal assistance provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to States in order to provide decent and affordable housing, particularly housing for low- and very low-income Americans...
of the Cranston-Gonzalez Act of 1990 (or Ley de Vivienda del 1990).
Abstract
This program provides (1) liquid assets (fondos) in the form of cash (equivalent numbers); and (2) special guidelines in order for the government (gobiernos estatales y municipales) to design proprietary strategies that takes care of the necessities and problems lying in housing (problemas de vivienda) areas as defined on the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategies also known as (CHAS) approved by the Federal Department of Housing (Departamento de Vivienda Federal) in 1990.CRIM
Crim (also known as contribuciones)Centro de Recaudación de Ingresos Municipales. Creado en agosto de 1991 como parte de la Reforma Municipal con el propósito principal de ampliar los poderes y facultades económicas de los municipios concediéndoles una mayor autonomía fiscal.
Desperdicios Sólidos (also known as solid waste
Waste management
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal,managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics...
)
- Ley Número 24 del 8 de junio de 1962
- Ley Número 13 del 2 de octubre de 1980
Reforma (to assess or reinforce)
- Contribución sobre la Propiedad
- Valor Contributivo
- Propiedad Inmueble
- Año Fiscal o Económico
Número de Catastro. Número de identificación de una propiedad para efectos contributivos. Incluye el Municipio, Barrio, Mapa, Apple, Parcel, Inquilino y Clase de dueño o estructura. Ejémplo: 18-03-040-059-034-06-xxx.
- Exoneración
- Exención
- Residencia
Law 10 of 1994
Law 10 of 1994 (also known as Ley Número 10 del 26 de Abril de 1994) was established to regulate the business profession of Real Estate Specialists for the Real Estate IndustryReal estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
of Puerto Rico.
Summary
The law countermands Law 139 (also known as Ley Número 139 del 14 de Junio de 1980) and Law 145 (also known as Ley Número 145 del 18 de Junio de 1980)Ley Num. 139
"Se reglamenta el ejercicio de la profesión de corredor de Bienes Raices en Puerto Rico y se crea la Junta Examinadora de Corredores de Bienes Raices"Ley Num. 145
"Se reglamenta las transacciones realizadas en la isla por compañias dedicadas a la venta de Bienes Raices localizadas fuera de Puerto Rico"Book of ethics
Rule of Ethics (also known as Reglamento de Ética) is a regulation to implement Law 10 of April 26, 1994: "la ley para reglamentar el negocio de bienes raices y la profesión de corredor, vendedor y compañias de Bienes Raices en Puerto Rico."- Law 10 Amendment - Ley law 118 - September 26 (2005)
- Law 10 Amendment - Ley law 93 - May 16 (2006)
Regulations of 1997
The four (4) daletDalet
Dalet is the fourth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew , Syriac and Arabic...
regulations of April 3, 1997 established under the Roselló Administration
Pedro Rosselló
Pedro Juan Rosselló González, M.D., , is a Puerto Rican physician and politician who served as the sixth Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001...
:
- NO 5568 - Reglamento de Cursos
- NO 5569 - Reglamento de Procedimiento Adjudicativo
- NO 5570 - Reglamento de Licencias
- NO 5571 - Reglamento de Ética
Horizontal Law of 2003
the Horizontal Property Law (also known as Ley de Propiedad Horizontal or Ley de Condominios) was approved on April 5, 2003 under Law Ley 103 established on 4 July 2003.Ley Núm. 104 de 25 de junio de 1958, Efectiva 90 días después y según enmendada. Esta Ley Núm. 104 de 25 de junio de 1958, quedó vigente nuevamente por la ley Núm. 43 del 21 de mayo de 1996 al revocar la Ley Núm. 153 del 11 de agosto de 1995 que la había revocado. Esta última quedó completamente nula al ser revocada. La Ley Núm. 103 de 5 de abril de 2003 enmendó casi la totalidad de los artículos de la ley. Michel J. Godreau
Article eleven (11)
- Collective Constituents
- The Flight: the right to elevate (or blowup space)
- The Structure: the surrounding walls, roof top ceilings, passageway corridors, downward spiral staircases, underlying galleries and entry/departure channels of the foundation.
- The Locale: the central installations for utility overhauls including electricity, lightning, gas, cold and hot water, refrigeration, water reservoir (tanks, cisterns + pumps) and air conditioning artifacts for thermal comfortThermal comfortThermal comfort is a term used by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, an international body. It is defined as the state of mind in humans that expresses satisfaction with the surrounding environment...
. - The Elevator: the necessity to enjoy the living habitat of every single apartment.
- The Green Area: the natural resources required by the community in order to fulfill its joyful experience of existence.
- The 5th Element: cualquier otro elemento que fuere indispensable para el adecuado disfrute de los apartamientos en el inmueble.
- Communal Constituents
- Terra firma (earth grounds), basement cellar, open space field, rooftop deck, patio, terrace, courtyard and garden.
- Destination areas for the doorman in duty at the atrium, lobby or reception area of the building.
- Destination areas for perpendicular parking.
- Recreational areas which exceed the requirements of urban planning laws.
Blueprint
La Ley de Propiedad Horizontal del 2003 es una estatua monumental que tiene como propósito instruirnos mejor como seres civiles que adentro de una sociedad oblicua. Creada y desarrollada por el prestigioso-honorable profesor francés Michael Jean Godreau con la intención de elevar a Puerto Rico a un nuevo nivel GEOPOLÍTICO con el objetivo extracurricular de educarnos a nosotros mismos sin la ayuda de nadie. Para poder facilitar la redacción y la léctura de esta hermosa y robusta ley hortizontal vigente desde el 4 de julio de 2003 y minimizar a la misma vez el peso de ciertos artículos sobre el contraste de una ley propietaria (a) espectacular (b) avanzada y (c) cargada dentro de una misma pagina source de wikipedia hemos creado un mapa índice como parte de un nuevo plan de bitácora con el caracter singular de procesar esta magnífica y majestuosa obra de una manera mas eficiente y comunal entre cada usuario dentro de una Rayuela.
-
-
- Index: Michael Jean Godreau
- Version: British German Godreau
-
Real estate mortgages
In recent years, many economists have recognized that the lack of effective real estate laws can be a significant barrier to investment in many developing countries. In most societies, rich and poor, a significant fraction of the total wealth is in the form of land and buildings. In most advanced economies, the main source of capital used by individuals and small companies to purchase and improve land and buildings is mortgage loanMortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
s (or other instruments). These are loans for which the real property itself constitutes collateral
Collateral (finance)
In lending agreements, collateral is a borrower's pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan.The collateral serves as protection for a lender against a borrower's default - that is, any borrower failing to pay the principal and interest under the terms of a loan obligation...
. Banks are willing to make such loans at favorable rates in large part because, if the borrower does not make payments, the lender can foreclose
Foreclosure
Foreclosure is the legal process by which a mortgage lender , or other lien holder, obtains a termination of a mortgage borrower 's equitable right of redemption, either by court order or by operation of law...
by filing a court action which allows them to take back the property and sell it to get their money back. For investors, profitability can be enhanced by using an off plan
Off plan
Off-plan property is a property that has not yet been fully constructed. Some developers offer the chance for buyers / property investors to purchase a property before work has started...
or pre-construction strategy to purchase at a lower price which is often the case in the pre-construction phase of development. But in many developing countries there is no effective means by which a lender could foreclose, so the mortgage loan industry, as such, either does not exist at all or is only available to members of privileged social classes.
dba trade
the Immovable Property Release Process or Physical Property Release Stage during any real estate transaction involving the length of time legally required by the Real Estate Specialist in order to validate and fully enact the basis of performance of one (1) common Buy-sell agreementBuy-sell agreement
A buy–sell agreement, also known as a buyout agreement, is a binding agreement between co-owners of a business that governs what happens if a co-owner dies or is otherwise forced to leave the business, or chooses to leave the business. It may be thought of as a sort of premarital agreement between...
between two (2) outgoing parties herein represented under one (1) preeminent program.
world Zoning breakthrough On June 29, 2010, the Governor of Puerto Rico
Governor of Puerto Rico
The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
signs a sweeping unconventional bill transferring thirty (30) installations to municipalities with the objective of providing postmodern art space, avant-garde
Avant-garde
Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....
security
Security
Security is the degree of protection against danger, damage, loss, and crime. Security as a form of protection are structures and processes that provide or improve security as a condition. The Institute for Security and Open Methodologies in the OSSTMM 3 defines security as "a form of protection...
and cutting-edge
State of the art
The state of the art is the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field, achieved at a particular time. It also refers to the level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the latest methodologies employed.- Origin :The earliest use of the term...
Head Start centers with contemporary health
Health
Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain...
amenities for communities. According to Luis Fortuño
Luis Fortuño
Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset is the governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States of America. Fortuño is also the president of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico , a member of the Republican National Committee, and will be president of the Council of State...
, the municipalities receiving the properties are Barceloneta, Caguas, Cidra, Comerío, Guayama, Gurabo, Humacao, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Morovis, Naguabo, Peñuelas, Ponce, Salinas, San Lorenzo, San Sebastián, Yabucoa and Yauco. He also transferred the administration of the Yabucoa Diagnostic and Treatment Center to that municipality. According to the new law, the municipal authority should cede its jurisdiction, in case of jurisdictional conflict, to the state authority in order to limit the violations of municipal laws from police action. This world evolutionary breakthrough, a platform promise for a new generation, will mark a new era in the history of municipal autonomy which represents a concrete contribution by the government to seek solutions to prevent crime in Puerto Rico.
Housing stimulus 2011 program
During the month of August 2010, Luis Fortuño implements a revolutionary real estate / market plan (HS 2011) to reduce a large inventory of 20,000 unsold new homes.- A full exception on paying any Treasury Department financial stamps or payment receipts on new houses.
- Zero (0) payment on Treasury cancellation stamps and receipts when selling an existing property.
- Zero (0) property tax on any new home purchased up to 5 years after the sale.
- No capital gains tax on residential homes sold now.
- No capital gains tax on future residential sales.
- An increase from $1,000 to $5,000 in the mitigation loss cushion.
- Zero tax payment on rental properties for 10 years starting January 2011.
Digital application of 2010
Urban Kibbutz (digitalDynamic web page
A dynamic web page is a kind of web page that has been prepared with fresh information , for each individual viewing. It is not static because it changes with the time , the user , the user interaction , the context A dynamic web page is a kind of web page that has been prepared with fresh...
) is the driving force application for real estate
Real estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
in Puerto Rico.
Protocol
Urban Kibbutz is a sophisticated digital network composed of micro-channels and innovative virtual spaces that empowers other countries mirror Puerto Rico's new business protocol (for next new markets) by promoting inspiration, evolution, sustainability and responsibility to the artistry of building brands for the retail, hotel, restaurant and entertainment industries. The metaphysical moniker of a nonlinear kibbutzKibbutz
A kibbutz is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism...
was conceived and formulated by Jules Florencio Cortázar during the process of writing Hopscotch between 1961 and 1963. Urban Kibbutz also connotes a social gathering (of profound cosmopolitan revival) influenced by public art
Public art
The term public art properly refers to works of art in any media that have been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited or staged in the physical public domain, usually outside and accessible to all...
exhibitions, alternative lifestyle events, experimental media paraphernalia, urban beach festivals and downtown music
Downtown music
Downtown music is a subdivision of American music, closely related to experimental music. The scene the term describes began in 1960, when Yoko Ono—one of the Fluxus artists, at that time still seven years away from meeting John Lennon—opened her loft at 112 Chambers Street to be used...
extravaganza.
- dba: digital brand assets extricated from prevalent physical properties within the zoning of a predetermined area
- urkibs: used to launch viral security measures targeting particular sectors within districts or municipalities
Urban Kibbutz is a form of kibbutz
Kibbutz
A kibbutz is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism...
located within any existing urkiz
Municipalities of Puerto Rico
The Municipalities of Puerto Rico number 78 and they make up the smallest electoral division of the Commonwealth. Each municipality is divided into barrios, though the latter are not vested with political authority.-Administrative divisions:...
of Puerto Rico. According to top Israeli Diplomat & Consul General Ofer Bavly
Ofer Bavly
Ofer Bavly is an Israeli diplomat with an experience spanning twenty years. His last posting abroad was as Consul General of Israel to Florida and Puerto Rico from 2007 to 2011.-Biography:...
, the island of Puerto Rico is getting closer to a more beneficial economic liaison with a new state of mind for business.
District blueprint RC-1
RC-1 este es un distrito super puesto a los distritos R-3, R-4, R-5 y R-6.- R-0
- R-1
- R-2
- R-3
- R-4
- R-5
- R-6
- CL
- CO-1
- CO-2
- C-1
- C-2
- C-3
- C-4
- C-5
- C-6
- CT-1
- CT-2
- CT-3
- CT-4
- RT-00
- RT-1
- RT-2
- RT-3
- RT-4
- RT-5
- I-1
- I-2
- IL-1
- IL-2
Un distrito mixto con las siguientes limitaciones:
- el administrador o dueño tiene que vivir en la pertenencia.
- horario negocio: siete de la mañana hasta las diez de la noche.
- proveer para ruidos excesivos y disposición de basuras, así como para la rotulación de medios publicitarios con resplandor excesivo.
Locotorp
Urban cooperative communities began to be established in the 1970s, when former kibbutz members and graduates of the Nahal (Fighting Pioneer Youth) program, which combines military service with civilian service, decided they wanted the collective aspect of kibbutz life while being part of society and exerting an influence on it. There are about 2,000 members of urban kibbutzim in Israel, most of whom are involved in education and social action. Four of the urban kibbutzim belong to the Kibbutz Movement, and the rest, about 100, do not. Urban kibbutz youth steer at-risk teens away from life of crime.Federal District of America
On August 2010, The Governor of Puerto RicoGovernor of Puerto Rico
The Governor of Puerto Rico is the Head of Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Since 1948, the Governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico...
names Appellate Court Judge Edgardo Rivera García
Edgardo Rivera García
Edgardo Rivera García is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. He was nominated by Governor Luis Fortuño to succeed retired Justice Efraín Rivera Pérez...
as the new Associate Judge of the Supreme Court in the Federal District of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan
Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
Old San Juan is the oldest settlement within Puerto Rico and it is the historic colonial section of San Juan, Puerto Rico.-Location:...
. Edgardo Rivera García has a B.A. in education from the University of Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico
The University of Puerto Rico is the state university system of Puerto Rico. The system consists of 11 campuses and has approximately 64,511 students and 5,300 faculty members...
, an M.B.A. in Public Administration from the UPR Public Administration Graduate School and Juris Doctor from the UPR Law School, where he graduated with top honors in 1989. He will be finally joining forces with The Honourable
The Honourable
The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable is a style used before the names of certain classes of persons. It is considered an honorific styling.-International diplomacy:...
Jay García-Gregory
Jay A. Garcia-Gregory
Jay A. Garcia-Gregory is a United States federal judge.Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Garcia-Gregory received an A.B. from Assumption College in 1966, an M.A. from the University of Madrid in 1969, and an LL.B. from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law in 1972. He was a law clerk, Hon....
Sacks
Quarterback sack
In American football and Canadian football, a sack occurs when the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage before he can throw a forward pass, or when the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage in the "pocket" and the intent of what he was going to do is unclear...
.
Business property management
District growth market perpetuation in Sustainable urban infrastructureSustainable urban infrastructure
Sustainable urban infrastructure is a term used to describe infrastructure that facilitates a place or regions progress towards the goal of sustainable living...
s is empowering the need of a BPM in the Sustainable city
Sustainable city
A sustainable city, or eco-city is a city designed with consideration of environmental impact, inhabited by people dedicated to minimization of required inputs of energy, water and food, and waste output of heat, air pollution - CO2, methane, and water pollution...
of San Juan
San Juan, Puerto Rico
San Juan , officially Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista , is the capital and most populous municipality in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 395,326 making it the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of...
. The high demand for strategic programs that will generate brand equity
Brand equity
Brand equity is the marketing effects and outcomes that accrue to a product with its brand name compared with those that would accrue if the same product did not have the brand name. Fact of the well-known brand name is that, the company can sometimes charge premium prices from the consumer . And,...
is being evaluated by the FDA to ensure and safeguard the aim of transmuting the current economic resources and financial obligations of any organization into a long-term sustainable business. This will be a top-notch kill to stamp out and overhaul the old futile ADP in Puerto Rico which still lives under the following paradox for mediocrity:
El incremento de la construccíon de urbanizaciones y condominios, las nuevas técnicas de construccíon y el creciente desarrollo de inversiones de capital extranjero, han creado en bienes raices la necesidad de la en la Administración de Propiedades: el manejar el funcionamiento o Modus operandiModus operandiModus operandi is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as "mode of operation". The term is used to describe someone's habits or manner of working, their method of operating or functioning...
general de la propiedad por una persona que estará a cargo de una propiedad mediante una contratación y quien representará y actuará en interés de lo (s) dueño(s) que lo contrata(n) en todo lo concerniente a la propiedad objeto de contrato o Administrador de Propiedades.
LadyDelay in conjunction to GreenOrder
GreenOrder
GreenOrder is a consulting firm that works with companies to improve environmental sustainability. It was established in 2000 by Andrew L. Shapiro.- Emergence :...
has been established as the one (1) being-entity lead to counterattack
Counterattack
A counterattack is a tactic used in response against an attack. The term originates in military strategy. The general objective is to negate or thwart the advantage gained by the enemy in attack and the specific objectives are usually to regain lost ground or to destroy attacking enemy units.It is...
, obliterate
Obliterate
Obliterate is a grindcore band from Košice. Founded in 1992, as one of the first band of this genre in Slovakia-Discography:1993 Pieces Of Superior Life 1995 Blindness 1997 Blindness Merciless Core...
and revamp the following ADP proem:
Las urbanizaciones son complejas, y la falta de tiempo para la administración de casas por sus propios dueños así como los apartamentos en determinado condominio, ha generado un campo de arrendamiento en gran escala. Las relaciones entre los inquilinos y el propietario envuelven problemas sociales, legales y económicos. Estas unas de las razones por las cuales se han hecho necesaria la intervención de un administrador especializado en este negocio. El tipo de edificio que se construye hoy requiere antención especializada. Los edificios modernos son de grandes proporciones; tienen servicios de ascensores, acondicionadores de aire y e algunos casos calefacción, incinerador y otros equipos que requieren destrezas técnicas BSBSBS, B.S., Bs or bs may refer to:-Academics:*Bachelor of Science degree, also abbreviated BSc*Bachelor of Surgery*Behavioural sciences-Standards:*Venezuelan bolívar's currency sign*Bolivian boliviano's currency sign...
; demandan una atención especializada. La ADP constituye una división del campo de Bienes Raices especializada: IREM-ARM-CPM-EE-JPM-ANRBSBS, B.S., Bs or bs may refer to:-Academics:*Bachelor of Science degree, also abbreviated BSc*Bachelor of Surgery*Behavioural sciences-Standards:*Venezuelan bolívar's currency sign*Bolivian boliviano's currency sign...
.
Unlawful sales figures inflation in marketing projects
According to the complaint that was filed in the Federal District Court of ManhattanManhattan
Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...
on August 2010, representatives of Trump SoHo said the project was “30, 40, 50, 60 percent or more sold” — both in individual sales pitches and statements to the press—but after the offering plan became effective in May, buyers learned that just over 15 percent of the building, 62 of the 391 units, had been sold.
Year 2010
Although the economy has been stagnant over the past three (3) years, it has not been as hard hit by the sub-prime mortgage crisis as in some parts of the United States. The hundred million St. Regis Bahia Beach Resort will be one of the few new resorts to open this year amid all the prepossessing financing from local institutions because Puerto Rico, unlike the U.S. government, subsidizes its hotel industry. According to the Latin America Weekly Outlook of ScotiabankScotiabank
The Bank of Nova Scotia , commonly known as Scotiabank , is the third largest bank in Canada by deposits and market capitalization. It serves some 18.6 million customers in more than 50 countries around the world and offers a broad range of products and services including personal, commercial,...
Group, the island's economy has experienced a dramatic turnaround after three (3) years of uninterrupted economic decline. This nascent recovery is being supported by an ambitious and aggressive fiscal plan implemented by Puerto Rico's government backed by the fiscal stabilization package established last year in the United States.
Green LEED
The Sheraton Hotel of Puerto Rico at Isla Grande BoulevardIsla Grande Boulevard
Isla Grande, today also known as the Convention Center District, and formerly known as Miraflores and is roughly bounded by Miramar, the Condado Lagoon, the Dominicci Airport of Isla Grande and the Port of San Juan...
becomes the first in the Caribbean Basin
Caribbean Basin
The Caribbean Basin is generally defined as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf coast, then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America. This region includes the islands of the archipelago of the West Indies...
built and certified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design consists of a suite of rating systems for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings, homes and neighborhoods....
of the U.S. Green Building Council. This building complex within the District
District
Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipalities, or subdivisions of municipalities.-Austria:...
of Santurce
Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Santurce is a district of San Juan, Puerto Rico.-Summary:Santurce is one of the top ten most populated areas of the island holding Miramar, Loíza, Isla Grande, Barrio Obrero, and Condado as main cultural hot spots for art, music, cuisine, fashion, hotels, technology, multimedia, film, textile and...
is distinguished for fulfilling all the requirements of a LEED CERTIFIED HOTEL with electrical models, recycling, disposal
Disposal
A disposal occurs in Australian rules football when a player either kicks or handballs the football. A disposal is not counted if a player fumbles or illegally disposes the ball...
of construction materials, and the use of local and recycled materials. According to Anthony Torres, the hotel also runs with environmental rules involving energy consumption, quality and filtration of air, green cleaning detergents and materials, and a controlled laundry process designed to maximize the use of natural resources.
Fortuño
Recent evidence developments continue to support the February 2010 estimation of a 2.5% economic expansion during FY2011, representing the first (1st) yearly expansion in five (5) years. According to the new Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis FortuñoLuis Fortuño
Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset is the governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States of America. Fortuño is also the president of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico , a member of the Republican National Committee, and will be president of the Council of State...
, the island's republic estate will be a competitor in the world of high luxury with the construction of a six-star hotel after closing a $231 million construction-financing agreement that turns the Dorado Beach Resort into a Ritz-Carlton Reserve.
The hotel is expected to be completed by 2012.
Fortuño also anticipated that Puerto Rico will count on a Integrated Construction Code by a family of codes established by The International Council of Codes to maximize the construction standards in the island and enact corporate social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model...
with the intention of forging safe sustainable methods in construction.
Value
According to The EconomistThe Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd. and edited in offices in the City of Westminster, London, England. Continuous publication began under founder James Wilson in September 1843...
, "developed economies'" assets at the end of 2002 were the following:
- Residential property: $48 trillion;
- Commercial propertyCommercial propertyThe term commercial property refers to buildings or land intended to generate a profit, either from capital gain or rental income.-Definition:...
: $14 trillion; - Equities: $20 trillion;
- Government bonds: $20 trillion;
- Corporate bondCorporate bondA corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation. It is a bond that a corporation issues to raise money in order to expand its business. The term is usually applied to longer-term debt instruments, generally with a maturity date falling at least a year after their issue date...
s: $13 trillion; - Total: $115 trillion.
That makes real estate assets 54% and financial assets 46% of total stocks, bonds, and real estate assets. Assets not counted here are bank deposits
Deposit account
A deposit account is a current account, savings account, or other type of bank account, at a banking institution that allows money to be deposited and withdrawn by the account holder. These transactions are recorded on the bank's books, and the resulting balance is recorded as a liability for the...
, insurance
Insurance
In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for payment. An insurer is a company selling the...
"reserve" assets, natural resources
Natural Resources
Natural Resources is a soul album released by Motown girl group Martha Reeves and the Vandellas in 1970 on the Gordy label. The album is significant for the Vietnam War ballad "I Should Be Proud" and the slow jam, "Love Guess Who"...
, and human assets. It is not clear if all debt
Debt
A debt is an obligation owed by one party to a second party, the creditor; usually this refers to assets granted by the creditor to the debtor, but the term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value.A debt is created when a...
and equity
Ownership equity
In accounting and finance, equity is the residual claim or interest of the most junior class of investors in assets, after all liabilities are paid. If liability exceeds assets, negative equity exists...
investments are counted in the categories equities and bond.
Organic law to be amended on 2011
Law Five (5) DACO (Ley Número 5 del 1973) also known as Ley Orgánica del Departamento de Asuntos del Consumidor (or the Organic Law) clearly states the strict prohibition of real estate false advertising in commercial spaces including but not limited to wallscapes, newspapers, magazines, digital media and visual promotional street marketingStreet marketing
Street marketing is a term used to refer to certain marketing techniques used to promote products and/or services in an unconventional way in public places. The main point of street marketing is that the activities are done exclusively on the streets or other public places, such as shopping centers...
material: Articles 6A-6J-6K and 19.
Resolution
The real estateReal estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
businesses in Mexico and Central America are different from the way that they are conducted in the United States. Some similarities include a variety of legal formalities (with professionals such as real estate agents generally employed to assist the buyer); taxes need to be paid (but typically less than those in U.S.); legal paperwork will ensure title; and a neutral party such as a title company will handle documentation and money in order to make the smooth exchange between the parties. Increasingly, U.S. title companies are doing work for U.S. buyers in Mexico and Central America. Prices are often much cheaper than most areas of the U.S., but in many locations, prices of houses and lots are as expensive as the U.S., one example being Mexico City. U.S. banks have begun to give home loans for properties in Mexico, but, so far, not for other Latin American countries.
One important difference from the United States is that each country has rules regarding where foreigners can buy. For example, in Mexico, foreigners cannot buy land or homes within 50 km of the coast or 100 km from a border unless they hold title in a Mexican Corporation or a Fideicomiso (a Mexican trust). In Honduras
Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
, however, they may buy beach front property directly in their name. There are different rules regarding certain types of property: ejidal land communally held farm property can only be sold after a lengthy entitlement process, but that does not prevent them from being offered for sale. In Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
, real estate agents do not need a license to operate, but the transfer of property requires a lawyer.
Trivia
Some people have claimed that the word real in this sense is descended (like French royal and Spanish real) from the Latin word for 'king'. In the feudal systemFeudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
(which has left many traces in the common law
Common law
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action...
) the king was the owner of all land, and everyone who occupied land paid him rent directly or indirectly (through lords who in turn paid the king), in cash, goods or services (including military service). Property tax
Property tax
A property tax is an ad valorem levy on the value of property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located; it may be paid to a national government, a federated state or a municipality...
, paid to the state, can be seen as a relic of that system, as is the term fee simple
Fee simple
In English law, a fee simple is an estate in land, a form of freehold ownership. It is the most common way that real estate is owned in common law countries, and is ordinarily the most complete ownership interest that can be had in real property short of allodial title, which is often reserved...
. However, this derivation of real is a misconception.
Further reading
- Buy vs. Rent Calculator - from The New York TimesThe New York TimesThe New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
. - Residential Real Estate