Red Turbans invasions of Korea
Encyclopedia
The Red Turban invasions of Korea occurred in the 14th century between Goryeo Dynasty and Chinese Red Turban army.
since Mongol invasion of Korea. However, mid-14th century, King Gongmin began efforts to reform Goryeo government and repulse the Mongolian influences. In those days, Yuan Dynasty
was beginning to crumble, because of rebellion of the Red Turbans.
, and took the city of Pyeongyang. In January 1360, Goryeo army led by An U and Yi Bang-sil retook the Pyeongyang and northern region which had been captured by the enemy. Red Turban army was crossed the Amnok River, only 300 troops returned to Liaoning.
, the capital of Goryeo, for a short period, King Gongmin escaped to Andong
. However, General Choe Yeong
, Yi Seonggye, Jeong Seun and Yi Bang-sil repulsed the Red Turban army. Sha Liu and Guan Xiansheng, who was general of Red Turbans, was killed in the battles. Goryeo army continually chased the their enemy and evacuated in the Korean Peninsula
.
had been troubling the southern peninsula for same time. General Choe Yeong
and Yi Seong-gye were called upon by Gongmin to combat them. Thus, the two generals increased their influence and power base in the country. General Yi Seong-gye, especially, identified himself with the Sinjin aristocracy.
In 1388, unwilling to lead the invasion of Liaodong and fight with the Ming Dynasty
, General Yi Seong-gye decided to revolt against King U
and Choe Yeong
and swept back to the capital, Gaegyeong, to secure control of the government. In 1392, General Yi became the king of Korea, and founded Joseon Dynasty
.
Background
Goryeo had been a dependency of the Mongol Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
since Mongol invasion of Korea. However, mid-14th century, King Gongmin began efforts to reform Goryeo government and repulse the Mongolian influences. In those days, Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
was beginning to crumble, because of rebellion of the Red Turbans.
First Red Turban invasion
In December 1359, part of the Red Turban army moved their base to the Liaodong Peninsula. But, they were experienced a shortage of war materials and lost their withdrawal route to Chinese mainland. The Red Turban army led by Mao Ju-jing invaded Goryeo Dynasty KoreaKorea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
, and took the city of Pyeongyang. In January 1360, Goryeo army led by An U and Yi Bang-sil retook the Pyeongyang and northern region which had been captured by the enemy. Red Turban army was crossed the Amnok River, only 300 troops returned to Liaoning.
Second Red Turban invasion
In November 1360, the Red Turban troops invaded again Goryeo's northwest border with 200,000 troops and they occupied GaegyeongKaesong
Kaesŏng is a city in North Hwanghae Province, southern North Korea , a former Directly Governed City, and the capital of Korea during the Koryo Dynasty. The city is near Kaesŏng Industrial Region and it contains the remains of the Manwoldae palace. It was formally named Songdo while it was the...
, the capital of Goryeo, for a short period, King Gongmin escaped to Andong
Andong
Andong is a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, South Korea. It is the largest city in the northern part of the province with a population of 167,821 in October 2010. The Nakdong River flows through the city...
. However, General Choe Yeong
Choe Yeong
Choe Yeong , also romanized as Choi Young, was a Korean general born in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province, in Goryeo .-Early years:...
, Yi Seonggye, Jeong Seun and Yi Bang-sil repulsed the Red Turban army. Sha Liu and Guan Xiansheng, who was general of Red Turbans, was killed in the battles. Goryeo army continually chased the their enemy and evacuated in the Korean Peninsula
Korean Peninsula
The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water.Until the end of...
.
Aftermath
Although Goryeo had repulsed the Red Turbans, population and economy were severely damaged. Also WokouWokou
Wokou , which literally translates as "Japanese pirates" in English, were pirates of varying origins who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th century onwards...
had been troubling the southern peninsula for same time. General Choe Yeong
Choe Yeong
Choe Yeong , also romanized as Choi Young, was a Korean general born in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province, in Goryeo .-Early years:...
and Yi Seong-gye were called upon by Gongmin to combat them. Thus, the two generals increased their influence and power base in the country. General Yi Seong-gye, especially, identified himself with the Sinjin aristocracy.
In 1388, unwilling to lead the invasion of Liaodong and fight with the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
, General Yi Seong-gye decided to revolt against King U
U of Goryeo
U of Goryeo ruled Goryeo from 1374 until 1388.-Cultural background:In the thirteenth century, Mongol forces had advanced into China, and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271...
and Choe Yeong
Choe Yeong
Choe Yeong , also romanized as Choi Young, was a Korean general born in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province, in Goryeo .-Early years:...
and swept back to the capital, Gaegyeong, to secure control of the government. In 1392, General Yi became the king of Korea, and founded Joseon Dynasty
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
.