Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 2007
Encyclopedia
A parliamentary election was held in the Republic of the Congo
on 24 June 2007, with a second round initially planned for 22 July 2007, but then postponed to 5 August 2007. According to the National Commission of the Organization of the Elections (CONEL), 1,807 candidates stood in the first round for 137 seats in the National Assembly
. The ruling Congolese Labour Party and parties and independent candidates allied with it won 125 seats, while two opposition parties won a combined 12 seats.
, the President of the National Assembly, and Justin Lekoundzou
, the President of the Parliamentary Group of the Presidential Majority, sent a letter to President Denis Sassou Nguesso
on 24 March 2007. In this letter, Lekoundzou and Thystère Tchicaya urged the establishment of an independent national electoral commission to oversee the 2007 parliamentary election. Coming from two leading members of the Presidential Majority, the letter was a significant gesture of dissent, as it called into question the government's existing efforts to establish an independent electoral commission. In response to the letter, the deputies of the Presidential Majority, led by Alexandre Denguet Atiki
, held a meeting in Mpila on 11 April 2007 to clarify that they did not endorse the letter. They criticized Lekoundzou and Thystère Tchicaya for acting outside of the parliamentary process and for making a statement that could be misinterpreted as reflecting the broader wishes of the deputies of the Presidential Majority, given their leadership roles.
On 23 April 2007, 42 groups of the presidential majority, supporting President Sassou Nguesso, signed an electoral agreement in Brazzaville
providing for a common electoral strategy. Parties signing this agreement included Sassou Nguesso's party, the Congolese Labor Party (PCT), as well as Club 2002-Party for the Unity of the Republic
, led by Wilfrid Nguesso, the Dynamic for Democracy and Social Progress (DDPS), led by Marcel Mbani, the Union for the Defense of Democracy (UDD), led by Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba
, the Republican Pole of Renovators (PRR), and the Party for the Safeguarding of Republican Values (PSVR), led by Michel Mampouya.
The PCT and the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
(MCDDI) of Bernard Kolélas
signed an agreement on 24 April to form an alliance for the parliamentary election as well as subsequent local, senatorial, and presidential elections. This marked the official renewal of a previous alliance between the two parties in the early 1990s, which had lapsed later in the decade. A joint technical committee was to oversee the implementation of the agreement.
In April 2007, the National Assembly approved a bill providing for the creation of an independent electoral commission, but it was not signed into law by Sassou Nguesso in time for the election; as a result, the election was conducted according to older legislation. The opposition criticized this, but it also criticized the bill passed in April on the grounds that the powers of the proposed electoral commission would be too limited.
About 40 opposition parties chose to boycott the election, seeking a new, independent electoral commission and a later date for the election. Parties that said they would participate in the election included the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
(UPADS) of former President Pascal Lissouba
and the Union for Democracy and the Republic
(UDR-Mwinda) of former Prime Minister André Milongo
. The Rally for Democracy and Development
(RDD) also initially intended to participate, but later, in a statement on June 8, said that it would not. Emmanuel Ngouolondélé Mongo of the Reflection for a New National Order and Ambroise Hervé Malonga of the Convention of Republicans called for a boycott
on May 12, describing the election as a farce.
Despite signing an agreement with the government in late April 2007, the National Council of Republicans (CNR), the party of former rebel leader Pasteur Ntumi
, later announced that it would not participate in the election due to what it described as a lack of transparency. On June 7, Ntumi said that his party would participate, but on June 19 the CNR demanded that the government delay the election within two days or the party would boycott. It alleged that the organization of the election was not transparent and said that electoral rolls had not yet been posted and that voter cards had not yet been distributed. Ultimately the CNR participated in the election, putting forward six candidates, including Ntumi. The end of hostilities with Ntumi's "Ninja
" rebels enabled the 2007 election to be held fully in the Pool Region; in the previous parliamentary election in 2002
, voting did not take place in the eight of the 14 constituencies in the Pool Region due to the activities of Ntumi's rebel group.
Prior to the vote, the boycotting opposition appealed to the Constitutional Court regarding alleged electoral flaws, seeking to have the election cancelled, but on June 22 the Constitutional Court rejected this and ruled that only candidates could dispute the election.
Campaigning for the election began on June 8 and continued until June 22. Although many voters did not receive their voter cards, Armand Baboutila, the Director-General of Electoral Affairs, assured them on June 20 that their voter cards would be available at the polling stations on election day.
In the first round of the election, held on 24 June, serious problems were reported, including the absence of electoral rolls and voter cards, or errors in them, in some places. Widespread delays were reported in the opening of polling stations, and turnout was said to be low. The electoral commission said that results would not be available for a week or more. The opposition denounced the election, with Ambroise Hervé Malonga, acting as spokesman for the boycotting opposition parties, calling it "chaos, not an election". The President of CONEL, Henri Bouka, acknowledged problems, but said that they were limited to Brazzaville
and Pointe-Noire
, the country's two main cities.
The observer missions of the African Union
and the Economic Community of Central African States
said in a joint statement on June 26 that, among other shortcomings, polling stations were opened late, electoral materials were often unavailable, voters were often not included on the voter rolls, and many voters did not receive voter registration cards. They also judged voter turnout to be very low. On the other hand, they said that voting was peaceful and without intimidation.
Minister for Territorial Administration François Ibovi
suspended Baboutila, the Director-General of Electoral Affairs, on June 28, accusing him of negligence due to the problems in the election; Gaston Ololo was appointed in Baboutila's place for the second round. Opposition spokesman Malonga demanded on June 29 that the election be annulled and that the government, and particularly Ibovi, resign. Malonga said that the suspension of Baboutila was insufficient and that Ibovi and the President of CONEL, Henri Bouka, should have resigned. Roger Bouka of the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights was also sharply critical of irregularities and the failure of voting to take place in some areas, calling for the election to be annulled.
On June 30, results from the Ministry of Territorial Administration showed the ruling PCT winning 23 seats out of the 44 seats declared in the first round (21 in the north and two in the south). Another 12 seats went to its allies: four for the MCDDI, three for the Movement for Action and Revival, two for the Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress, one for the Movement for Solidarity, one for the Club 2002 PUR, and one for To Act for Congo. Seven seats were won by independent candidates, who were considered to be allies of the ruling party, and two were won by the opposition UPADS. Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou
, the President of the UPADS Parliamentary Group in the outgoing National Assembly, denounced the election as "faked" and said that the voter lists were "totally false".
Results for two additional seats were declared on July 1: one for UPADS and one for an independent candidate.
On July 8, the election was held again in five districts due to the problems that plagued the first attempt. These districts were located in Niari Region
, Plateaux Region
, Cuvette Region
, and Cuvette-Ouest Region
. In 14 other districts, seven of them in Brazzaville and six in Pointe-Noire, the election was held again on July 15. CONEL President Henri Bouka described this vote as proceeding calmly and without incident.
UPADS Secretary-General Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala said on July 4 that the party would only participate in the second round of the election on July 22 if the electoral rolls were improved, voter registration cards were properly distributed, and the composition of the electoral commissions was changed. He also said that the second round should be delayed to allow time for these things to be done.
On July 12, President Sassou Nguesso stated that the second round would be postponed to a more appropriate date due to the necessary repetition of the first round in many districts. Ibovi announced on July 19 that the second round would be held on August 5, with campaigning from July 20 to August 3. He also announced the results of the first round revotes: the PCT and its allies won seven seats, while the opposition won none.
CONEL President Henri Bouka announced the publication of new voter registration cards on August 1 in an attempt to ensure that the second round would not be as marred by problems as the first round. He later said that the distribution of the cards would continue until August 4 and that those cards not distributed would be available in polling stations. Tsaty-Mabiala doubted that the election would be transparent and said that the UPADS did not understand why the new cards were being introduced. Malonga was also critical, saying that "the second round will be no different from the first". Observers expressed concern over the failure to post electoral lists in some districts.
The second round took place in 84 districts, with a total of 168 candidates. Reports indicated a low turnout and delays in the opening of polling stations. Bouka gave a positive appraisal of the vote, although there were reports of voters' names, some of whom had been able to vote in the first round, not being included on electoral lists. Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou of UPADS denounced the second round as fraudulent and accused the government of seeking to restore single-party rule. Malonga said that the second round was poorly organized.
A report by African Union observers said that there were major problems in the second round; among other things, it cited voter list errors, with some names absent and others listed more than once, and "incomplete distribution of the new voter registration cards". The report recommended a number of improvements in the organization of elections.
According to results announced by Ibovi on August 9, the PCT won a total of 44 seats, while its allies won a total of 80 seats, including the MCDDI with 12 seats. Opposition parties won a total of 11 seats, 10 for UPADS and one for the UDR. Two seats, for Bouaniela and Liranga districts, were not yet decided, because voting could not be held there on the date of the election. Tsaty-Mabiala denounced the results as fraudulent on August 11 and said that the election was neither transparent nor fair. He alleged that five UPADS candidates, in Mossendjo, Moutamba, Nkayi, Mabombo and Dolisie electoral districts, had won but were deprived of victory in the results. The party appealed to the Constitutional Court. On August 13, Ibovi announced a correction in the results for one of the electoral districts UPADS claimed to have won, Mabombo (in Bouenza Region
), which had gone to Marcel Kalla in the previous results, but which Ibovi said was actually won by the UPADS candidate, Christophe Moukouéké, with 59.01% of the vote; the previously announced result was attributed to a clerical error. This raised the number of UPADS seats to 11.
In the two districts where voting was not held on August 5, it took place on August 19–20. On August 24, Ibovi announced that these seats were won by Raymond Ebonga and Alexandre Koumou, both independents who are considered to be allied with the PCT, thus bringing the total number of seats won by the ruling party and its allies to 125.
The new National Assembly held its first session on September 4, chaired by MCDDI President Bernard Kolélas, the oldest member, who won a seat from Goma Tsé-Tsé. Justin Koumba
of the PCT was elected as the President of the National Assembly without opposition, receiving 121 votes from the 129 participating deputies. François Ibovi, the Minister of Territorial Administration, was elected as First Vice-President of the National Assembly, Bernard Tchibambelela
of the MCDDI was elected as Second Vice-President, Pierre Ngolo
of the PCT was elected as First Secretary, and Claudine Munari
, an independent, was elected as Second Secretary. All of the seven members of the National Assembly's bureau were from the ruling majority, and six of them were elected without opposition. In the only contested election, a UPADS candidate received 12 votes against 115 for the ruling majority's candidate in the vote for the position of First Quaestor.
The heads of the seven permanent commissions in the National Assembly, as well as the heads of its three parliamentary groups, were elected later in September. Alexandre Dengué Atiki was chosen as the President of the Parliamentary Group of the PCT and the Presidential Majority, while Rodrigue Mouyéké was chosen as President of the MCDDI Parliamentary Group, which was allied with the Presidential Majority. Tsaty-Mabiala was chosen as President of the UPADS Parliamentary Group, which was the only opposition parliamentary group. Also in September, 12 elected deputies notified the National Assembly that they would not sit as deputies due to the incompatibility of that position with another position they already held, and would therefore be replaced by their substitutes. These 12 deputies included two presidential advisers (Laurent Tengo and Thierry Moungala) and ten ministers in the government (Lamyr Nguelé
, Emile Mabondzo, Pierre-Michel Nguimbi
, Henri Ossebi
, Jean-Claude Gakosso
, André Okombi Salissa
, Martin Parfait Aimé Coussoud-Mavoungou, Jean-Baptiste Tati-Loutard, Bruno Itoua
, and Jeanne Dambendzet
).
On September 28, Tsaty-Mabiala criticized the failure of the Constitutional Court to issue decisions on appeals regarding the election despite the passage of the one-month period for examination of the appeals. He said that UPADS had submitted five appeals.
The Constitutional Court held public hearings beginning on October 22, and on October 26 it annulled the election in four constituencies—Yamba (in Bouenza Department
), where Raoul Mboungou Nzoumba, who was previously credited with victory, was to again face Clément Mouanda; Kayes
(also in Bouenza Department), where Michel Bidimbou, the initial winner, was to again face Pierre Ngaka; Kibangou
(in Niari Department
), where Serge Victor Ignoumba, the initial winner, was to again face UDD President Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba; and Mbomo (in Cuvette Ouest Department), where Jean Réné Matamaya, the initial winner, was to again face Léon Alfred Opimbat. There were a total of 22 candidates contesting the partial election: 16 of them in Kibangou, where the first round was held over again, and two in each of the other three constituencies, where the second round was being held over again. The Court rejected appeals for 15 other constituencies; these rejected appeals were from Jacques Mouanda Mpassi in Nkayi
, Emmanuel Bongouanza in Mossendjo
, Jean-Claude Adédé in Souanké
, René Dambert Ndouane in Sembé
, Sylvain Ngambolo in Makotimpoko, Antoine de Saint Nicephore Eudes Fylla in Poto-Poto I
, Mouyecket (Ngala Nicole Sylvie) in Tié-Tié II, Minister of Communication Alain Akoualat Atipault in Gamboma II
, Julien Makoundi Tchibinda in Hinda I, Jean Moukoumbi in Moutamba
, Pierre Malonga in Mbinda
, Thomas Djolani in Boko, Solange Pauline Dendé Moudoki in Bétou
, Jean Baptiste Nombo in Loandjili I, and Pierre Mabiala in Makabana
.
The government announced on 15 November that the election would be repeated in these four constituencies on 7 December 2007. On 15 November, Antoine Evoundou was appointed as Director-General of Electoral Affairs, replacing the suspended Baboutila. Campaigning began on 22 November and continued until December 5.
In Yamba and Kayes, the candidates of the PCT and the Union for the Republic (a party allied with the PCT) who were initially elected were confirmed, respectively, but in Mbomo, the initial winner from the MSD was beaten by Opimbat, the FDN candidate. A run-off was held in Kibangou on December 26 between the UDD candidate Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba and Serge Victor Ignoumba, an independent. This final run-off was won by Ignoumba, who received 57.24% of the vote.
Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo , sometimes known locally as Congo-Brazzaville, is a state in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The region was dominated by...
on 24 June 2007, with a second round initially planned for 22 July 2007, but then postponed to 5 August 2007. According to the National Commission of the Organization of the Elections (CONEL), 1,807 candidates stood in the first round for 137 seats in the National Assembly
National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo
The Parliament of the Republic of Congo has two chambers. The lower house is the National Assembly . It has 153 members, for a five year term in single-seat constituencies.-See also:...
. The ruling Congolese Labour Party and parties and independent candidates allied with it won 125 seats, while two opposition parties won a combined 12 seats.
Course of the election
Jean-Pierre Thystère TchicayaJean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya was a Congolese politician. He was briefly Acting Head of State of the Republic of the Congo in February 1979 and was President of the National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo from 2002 to 2007...
, the President of the National Assembly, and Justin Lekoundzou
Justin Lekoundzou
Justin Lekoundzou Itihi Ossetoumba is a Congolese politician. He is a founding member of the Congolese Labour Party , and during the PCT's single-party rule he held important party and government positions in the 1970s and 1980s...
, the President of the Parliamentary Group of the Presidential Majority, sent a letter to President Denis Sassou Nguesso
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Denis Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician who has been the President of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party for 12 years...
on 24 March 2007. In this letter, Lekoundzou and Thystère Tchicaya urged the establishment of an independent national electoral commission to oversee the 2007 parliamentary election. Coming from two leading members of the Presidential Majority, the letter was a significant gesture of dissent, as it called into question the government's existing efforts to establish an independent electoral commission. In response to the letter, the deputies of the Presidential Majority, led by Alexandre Denguet Atiki
Alexandre Denguet Atiki
Alexandre Denguet Atiki is a Congolese politician. Under the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party , he served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Labour from 1971 to 1975 and was Ambassador to France in the late 1970s...
, held a meeting in Mpila on 11 April 2007 to clarify that they did not endorse the letter. They criticized Lekoundzou and Thystère Tchicaya for acting outside of the parliamentary process and for making a statement that could be misinterpreted as reflecting the broader wishes of the deputies of the Presidential Majority, given their leadership roles.
On 23 April 2007, 42 groups of the presidential majority, supporting President Sassou Nguesso, signed an electoral agreement in Brazzaville
Brazzaville
-Transport:The city is home to Maya-Maya Airport and a railway station on the Congo-Ocean Railway. It is also an important river port, with ferries sailing to Kinshasa and to Bangui via Impfondo...
providing for a common electoral strategy. Parties signing this agreement included Sassou Nguesso's party, the Congolese Labor Party (PCT), as well as Club 2002-Party for the Unity of the Republic
Club 2002
The Club 2002-Party for the Unity of the Republic is a political party in the Republic of the Congo. It was founded on January 30, 2002 and is led by Wilfrid Nguesso, a nephew of President Denis Sassou Nguesso....
, led by Wilfrid Nguesso, the Dynamic for Democracy and Social Progress (DDPS), led by Marcel Mbani, the Union for the Defense of Democracy (UDD), led by Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba
Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba
Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba is a Congolese politician. During the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party , he served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Health from 1979 to 1984, as Minister of Scientific Research from 1984 to 1989, and as Minister of Basic Education...
, the Republican Pole of Renovators (PRR), and the Party for the Safeguarding of Republican Values (PSVR), led by Michel Mampouya.
The PCT and the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
The Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development is a political party in the Republic of the Congo, led by Bernard Kolélas....
(MCDDI) of Bernard Kolélas
Bernard Kolélas
Bernard Bakana Kolélas was a Congolese politician and President of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development...
signed an agreement on 24 April to form an alliance for the parliamentary election as well as subsequent local, senatorial, and presidential elections. This marked the official renewal of a previous alliance between the two parties in the early 1990s, which had lapsed later in the decade. A joint technical committee was to oversee the implementation of the agreement.
In April 2007, the National Assembly approved a bill providing for the creation of an independent electoral commission, but it was not signed into law by Sassou Nguesso in time for the election; as a result, the election was conducted according to older legislation. The opposition criticized this, but it also criticized the bill passed in April on the grounds that the powers of the proposed electoral commission would be too limited.
About 40 opposition parties chose to boycott the election, seeking a new, independent electoral commission and a later date for the election. Parties that said they would participate in the election included the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy is a political party in the Republic of the Congo, led by former president Pascal Lissouba....
(UPADS) of former President Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997. He was overthrown by the current President Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war....
and the Union for Democracy and the Republic
Union for Democracy and Republic (Congo)
The Union for Democracy and the Republic is a political party in the Republic of the Congo. André Milongo, who was the country's transitional Prime Minister from 1991 to 1992, was the President of the UDR-Mwinda until his death in July 2007.The UDR-Mwinda was founded in October 1992...
(UDR-Mwinda) of former Prime Minister André Milongo
André Milongo
André Ntsatouabantou Milongo was a Congolese politician who served as Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from June 1991 to August 1992. He was chosen by the 1991 National Conference to lead the country during its transition to multiparty elections, which were held in 1992...
. The Rally for Democracy and Development
Rally for Democracy and Development
The Rally for Democracy and Development is a political party in the Republic of the Congo. It has been one of the main participants in a coalition known as the African Socialist Movement-Congolese Progressive Party .The RDD was founded in 1990 under the leadership of former Head of State Joachim...
(RDD) also initially intended to participate, but later, in a statement on June 8, said that it would not. Emmanuel Ngouolondélé Mongo of the Reflection for a New National Order and Ambroise Hervé Malonga of the Convention of Republicans called for a boycott
Boycott
A boycott is an act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for political reasons...
on May 12, describing the election as a farce.
Despite signing an agreement with the government in late April 2007, the National Council of Republicans (CNR), the party of former rebel leader Pasteur Ntumi
Frederick Bintsamou
Frédéric Bintsamou, also known as Pastor Ntumi, is a Protestant clergyman and was the leader of the "semi-religious" rebel group The Ninjas which led a civil war in Congo-Brazzaville....
, later announced that it would not participate in the election due to what it described as a lack of transparency. On June 7, Ntumi said that his party would participate, but on June 19 the CNR demanded that the government delay the election within two days or the party would boycott. It alleged that the organization of the election was not transparent and said that electoral rolls had not yet been posted and that voter cards had not yet been distributed. Ultimately the CNR participated in the election, putting forward six candidates, including Ntumi. The end of hostilities with Ntumi's "Ninja
Ninja (militia)
The Ninjas were a militia in the Republic of the Congo, which participated in numerous wars and insurgencies in the 1990s and 2000s. The Ninjas were formed by the politician Bernard Kolélas in the early 1990s and were commanded by Frédéric Bintsangou, alias Pastor Ntoumi when Kolelas was in exile...
" rebels enabled the 2007 election to be held fully in the Pool Region; in the previous parliamentary election in 2002
Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 2002
A parliamentary election was held in the Republic of the Congo in 2002; the first round was held on 26 May and the second round on 20 June. The Congolese Labour Party and its allies won a majority of seats in the National Assembly....
, voting did not take place in the eight of the 14 constituencies in the Pool Region due to the activities of Ntumi's rebel group.
Prior to the vote, the boycotting opposition appealed to the Constitutional Court regarding alleged electoral flaws, seeking to have the election cancelled, but on June 22 the Constitutional Court rejected this and ruled that only candidates could dispute the election.
Campaigning for the election began on June 8 and continued until June 22. Although many voters did not receive their voter cards, Armand Baboutila, the Director-General of Electoral Affairs, assured them on June 20 that their voter cards would be available at the polling stations on election day.
In the first round of the election, held on 24 June, serious problems were reported, including the absence of electoral rolls and voter cards, or errors in them, in some places. Widespread delays were reported in the opening of polling stations, and turnout was said to be low. The electoral commission said that results would not be available for a week or more. The opposition denounced the election, with Ambroise Hervé Malonga, acting as spokesman for the boycotting opposition parties, calling it "chaos, not an election". The President of CONEL, Henri Bouka, acknowledged problems, but said that they were limited to Brazzaville
Brazzaville
-Transport:The city is home to Maya-Maya Airport and a railway station on the Congo-Ocean Railway. It is also an important river port, with ferries sailing to Kinshasa and to Bangui via Impfondo...
and Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo, following the capital of Brazzaville, and an autonomous department since 2004. Before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region . It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean...
, the country's two main cities.
The observer missions of the African Union
African Union
The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
and the Economic Community of Central African States
Economic Community of Central African States
The Economic Community of Central African States is an Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa...
said in a joint statement on June 26 that, among other shortcomings, polling stations were opened late, electoral materials were often unavailable, voters were often not included on the voter rolls, and many voters did not receive voter registration cards. They also judged voter turnout to be very low. On the other hand, they said that voting was peaceful and without intimidation.
Minister for Territorial Administration François Ibovi
François Ibovi
François Ibovi is Congolese politician. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Communication from 1997 to 2002 and as Minister of Territorial Administration from 2002 to 2007...
suspended Baboutila, the Director-General of Electoral Affairs, on June 28, accusing him of negligence due to the problems in the election; Gaston Ololo was appointed in Baboutila's place for the second round. Opposition spokesman Malonga demanded on June 29 that the election be annulled and that the government, and particularly Ibovi, resign. Malonga said that the suspension of Baboutila was insufficient and that Ibovi and the President of CONEL, Henri Bouka, should have resigned. Roger Bouka of the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights was also sharply critical of irregularities and the failure of voting to take place in some areas, calling for the election to be annulled.
On June 30, results from the Ministry of Territorial Administration showed the ruling PCT winning 23 seats out of the 44 seats declared in the first round (21 in the north and two in the south). Another 12 seats went to its allies: four for the MCDDI, three for the Movement for Action and Revival, two for the Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress, one for the Movement for Solidarity, one for the Club 2002 PUR, and one for To Act for Congo. Seven seats were won by independent candidates, who were considered to be allies of the ruling party, and two were won by the opposition UPADS. Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou
Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou
Joseph Kignomba Kia Mbougou is a politician in the Republic of Congo. He stood in the 2002 presidential election for the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy Party. He came second in the election gaining 33,154 votes....
, the President of the UPADS Parliamentary Group in the outgoing National Assembly, denounced the election as "faked" and said that the voter lists were "totally false".
Results for two additional seats were declared on July 1: one for UPADS and one for an independent candidate.
On July 8, the election was held again in five districts due to the problems that plagued the first attempt. These districts were located in Niari Region
Niari Region
Niari is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the western part of the country. It borders the departments of Bouenza, Kouilou, and Lékoumou, and internationally, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Cabinda portion of Angola. The regional capital is Dolisie.Niari is divided...
, Plateaux Region
Plateaux Region (Congo)
Plateaux is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the central part of the country. It borders the departments of Cuvette, Lékoumou, and Pool, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the east and Gabon on the west. The regional capital is Djambala...
, Cuvette Region
Cuvette Region
Cuvette is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the central part of the country. It borders the departments of Cuvette-Ouest, Likouala, Plateaux, and Sangha, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital is Owando...
, and Cuvette-Ouest Region
Cuvette-Ouest Region
Cuvette-Ouest is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the western part of the country. It borders the departments of Cuvette and Sangha, and Gabon. The capital is Ewo...
. In 14 other districts, seven of them in Brazzaville and six in Pointe-Noire, the election was held again on July 15. CONEL President Henri Bouka described this vote as proceeding calmly and without incident.
UPADS Secretary-General Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala said on July 4 that the party would only participate in the second round of the election on July 22 if the electoral rolls were improved, voter registration cards were properly distributed, and the composition of the electoral commissions was changed. He also said that the second round should be delayed to allow time for these things to be done.
On July 12, President Sassou Nguesso stated that the second round would be postponed to a more appropriate date due to the necessary repetition of the first round in many districts. Ibovi announced on July 19 that the second round would be held on August 5, with campaigning from July 20 to August 3. He also announced the results of the first round revotes: the PCT and its allies won seven seats, while the opposition won none.
CONEL President Henri Bouka announced the publication of new voter registration cards on August 1 in an attempt to ensure that the second round would not be as marred by problems as the first round. He later said that the distribution of the cards would continue until August 4 and that those cards not distributed would be available in polling stations. Tsaty-Mabiala doubted that the election would be transparent and said that the UPADS did not understand why the new cards were being introduced. Malonga was also critical, saying that "the second round will be no different from the first". Observers expressed concern over the failure to post electoral lists in some districts.
The second round took place in 84 districts, with a total of 168 candidates. Reports indicated a low turnout and delays in the opening of polling stations. Bouka gave a positive appraisal of the vote, although there were reports of voters' names, some of whom had been able to vote in the first round, not being included on electoral lists. Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou of UPADS denounced the second round as fraudulent and accused the government of seeking to restore single-party rule. Malonga said that the second round was poorly organized.
A report by African Union observers said that there were major problems in the second round; among other things, it cited voter list errors, with some names absent and others listed more than once, and "incomplete distribution of the new voter registration cards". The report recommended a number of improvements in the organization of elections.
According to results announced by Ibovi on August 9, the PCT won a total of 44 seats, while its allies won a total of 80 seats, including the MCDDI with 12 seats. Opposition parties won a total of 11 seats, 10 for UPADS and one for the UDR. Two seats, for Bouaniela and Liranga districts, were not yet decided, because voting could not be held there on the date of the election. Tsaty-Mabiala denounced the results as fraudulent on August 11 and said that the election was neither transparent nor fair. He alleged that five UPADS candidates, in Mossendjo, Moutamba, Nkayi, Mabombo and Dolisie electoral districts, had won but were deprived of victory in the results. The party appealed to the Constitutional Court. On August 13, Ibovi announced a correction in the results for one of the electoral districts UPADS claimed to have won, Mabombo (in Bouenza Region
Bouenza Region
Bouenza is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the southern part of the country. It borders the departments of Lékoumou, Niari, and Pool, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The regional capital is Madingou...
), which had gone to Marcel Kalla in the previous results, but which Ibovi said was actually won by the UPADS candidate, Christophe Moukouéké, with 59.01% of the vote; the previously announced result was attributed to a clerical error. This raised the number of UPADS seats to 11.
In the two districts where voting was not held on August 5, it took place on August 19–20. On August 24, Ibovi announced that these seats were won by Raymond Ebonga and Alexandre Koumou, both independents who are considered to be allied with the PCT, thus bringing the total number of seats won by the ruling party and its allies to 125.
The new National Assembly held its first session on September 4, chaired by MCDDI President Bernard Kolélas, the oldest member, who won a seat from Goma Tsé-Tsé. Justin Koumba
Justin Koumba
Justin Koumba is a Congolese politician who has been President of the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville since September 2007...
of the PCT was elected as the President of the National Assembly without opposition, receiving 121 votes from the 129 participating deputies. François Ibovi, the Minister of Territorial Administration, was elected as First Vice-President of the National Assembly, Bernard Tchibambelela
Bernard Tchibambelela
Bernard Tchibambelela is a Congolese politician. He is a member of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development and has been the Second Vice-President of the National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo since 2007....
of the MCDDI was elected as Second Vice-President, Pierre Ngolo
Pierre Ngolo
Pierre Ngolo is a Congolese politician who has been Secretary-General of the Congolese Labour Party since August 2011. He has also been First Secretary of the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville since 2002.-Political career:...
of the PCT was elected as First Secretary, and Claudine Munari
Claudine Munari
Claudine Munari Mabondzo is a Congolese politician. She was Director of the Cabinet of President Pascal Lissouba from 1992 to 1997. Although Munari fled into exile when Lissouba was ousted, she later returned to politics in Congo-Brazzaville; she was a MP in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2009...
, an independent, was elected as Second Secretary. All of the seven members of the National Assembly's bureau were from the ruling majority, and six of them were elected without opposition. In the only contested election, a UPADS candidate received 12 votes against 115 for the ruling majority's candidate in the vote for the position of First Quaestor.
The heads of the seven permanent commissions in the National Assembly, as well as the heads of its three parliamentary groups, were elected later in September. Alexandre Dengué Atiki was chosen as the President of the Parliamentary Group of the PCT and the Presidential Majority, while Rodrigue Mouyéké was chosen as President of the MCDDI Parliamentary Group, which was allied with the Presidential Majority. Tsaty-Mabiala was chosen as President of the UPADS Parliamentary Group, which was the only opposition parliamentary group. Also in September, 12 elected deputies notified the National Assembly that they would not sit as deputies due to the incompatibility of that position with another position they already held, and would therefore be replaced by their substitutes. These 12 deputies included two presidential advisers (Laurent Tengo and Thierry Moungala) and ten ministers in the government (Lamyr Nguelé
Lamyr Nguélé
Lamyr Nguélé is a Congolese politician. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister-Delegate in charge of Land Reform from 2002 to 2005 and then as Minister of Land Reform from 2005 to 2009...
, Emile Mabondzo, Pierre-Michel Nguimbi
Pierre-Michel Nguimbi
Pierre-Michel Nguimbi is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Technical and Vocational Education from 2002 to 2009. Previously, he was briefly a minister in 1992 and was an ambassador during the mid-1990s.-Political career:Nguimbi was born in...
, Henri Ossebi
Henri Ossébi
Henri Ossébi is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Higher Education from 2002 to 2009 and has been Minister of Scientific Research since 2009.-Political career:...
, Jean-Claude Gakosso
Jean-Claude Gakosso
Jean-Claude Gakosso is a Congolese politician. He has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Arts and Culture since 2002.-Professional and political career:...
, André Okombi Salissa
André Okombi Salissa
André Okombi Salissa is a Congolese politician. A member of the Congolese Labour Party , he has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville since 1997 and is currently the Minister of Tourism and the Environment; he is also the President-Coordinator of the Action Committee for the Defense of...
, Martin Parfait Aimé Coussoud-Mavoungou, Jean-Baptiste Tati-Loutard, Bruno Itoua
Bruno Itoua
Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua is a Congolese political figure, currently serving as Minister of Energy and Hydraulics of Congo-Brazzaville....
, and Jeanne Dambendzet
Jeanne Dambendzet
Jeanne Dambendzet is a Congolese politician. She served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville from 1989 to 1991 and again from 1997 to 2009. Since 2009 she has been the First Vice-President of the Economic and Social Council, a state institution.-Background and early political career:Dambendzet...
).
On September 28, Tsaty-Mabiala criticized the failure of the Constitutional Court to issue decisions on appeals regarding the election despite the passage of the one-month period for examination of the appeals. He said that UPADS had submitted five appeals.
The Constitutional Court held public hearings beginning on October 22, and on October 26 it annulled the election in four constituencies—Yamba (in Bouenza Department
Bouenza Region
Bouenza is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the southern part of the country. It borders the departments of Lékoumou, Niari, and Pool, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The regional capital is Madingou...
), where Raoul Mboungou Nzoumba, who was previously credited with victory, was to again face Clément Mouanda; Kayes
Kayes
Kayes is a city in western Mali on the Sénégal River, with a population of roughly 100,000 people. Kayes is the capital of the administrative region of the same name. The name "Kayes" comes from the Soninké word "karré", which describes a low humid place that floods in rainy season...
(also in Bouenza Department), where Michel Bidimbou, the initial winner, was to again face Pierre Ngaka; Kibangou
Kibangou
- Industry :It is a possible site for a cement works to be built by CMKC Group....
(in Niari Department
Niari Region
Niari is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the western part of the country. It borders the departments of Bouenza, Kouilou, and Lékoumou, and internationally, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Cabinda portion of Angola. The regional capital is Dolisie.Niari is divided...
), where Serge Victor Ignoumba, the initial winner, was to again face UDD President Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba; and Mbomo (in Cuvette Ouest Department), where Jean Réné Matamaya, the initial winner, was to again face Léon Alfred Opimbat. There were a total of 22 candidates contesting the partial election: 16 of them in Kibangou, where the first round was held over again, and two in each of the other three constituencies, where the second round was being held over again. The Court rejected appeals for 15 other constituencies; these rejected appeals were from Jacques Mouanda Mpassi in Nkayi
Nkayi
Nkayi is a town and a commune in the Bouenza Department of the Republic of the Congo. It is the country's fourth largest city with a population of 56,700 .Nkayi is a major sugar production centre in the country.- Transport :...
, Emmanuel Bongouanza in Mossendjo
Mossendjo
- Infrastructure :Mossendjo is a fairly rapidly growing city of approximately 10,000 people. It is the regional hub city of the Chaillu Massif mountainous region, north of Dolisie and south of Mayoko and Mbinda. The infrastructure of Mossendjo has been greatly improved since 2006, owing to the...
, Jean-Claude Adédé in Souanké
Souanké
Souanké is a city and capital of Souanké District in the Sangha Region of northwestern Republic of the Congo.The city is served by Souanké Airport....
, René Dambert Ndouane in Sembé
Sembé
Sembé is a town located in the Sangha Region of the Republic of the Congo. It is located about 1193 km from Accra, about 1581 km from Lagos and about 3297 km from Fortaleza....
, Sylvain Ngambolo in Makotimpoko, Antoine de Saint Nicephore Eudes Fylla in Poto-Poto I
Poto-Poto
Poto-Poto is the name of one of the original residential neighborhoods of the city of Brazzaville, capital of the Republic of Congo.-History:...
, Mouyecket (Ngala Nicole Sylvie) in Tié-Tié II, Minister of Communication Alain Akoualat Atipault in Gamboma II
Gamboma
Gamboma is a town located in the Plateaux Region of the Republic of the Congo....
, Julien Makoundi Tchibinda in Hinda I, Jean Moukoumbi in Moutamba
Moutamba
- External links :*...
, Pierre Malonga in Mbinda
Mbinda
Mbinda is a town in the Republic of Congo, lying on the border with Gabon. It is a transport hub and lies at the end of a railway line to Brazzaville....
, Thomas Djolani in Boko, Solange Pauline Dendé Moudoki in Bétou
Bétou
Bétou is a town on the right bank of the Ubangi River in the Likouala Department, Republic of the Congo. Betou is a "Sous-prefecture" and has its own Mayor. The town has a disused air-strip . Betou is the border town with the Central African Republic , located approximately 90km from the border by...
, Jean Baptiste Nombo in Loandjili I, and Pierre Mabiala in Makabana
Makabana
Makabana is a small town in the south of the Republic of Congo....
.
The government announced on 15 November that the election would be repeated in these four constituencies on 7 December 2007. On 15 November, Antoine Evoundou was appointed as Director-General of Electoral Affairs, replacing the suspended Baboutila. Campaigning began on 22 November and continued until December 5.
In Yamba and Kayes, the candidates of the PCT and the Union for the Republic (a party allied with the PCT) who were initially elected were confirmed, respectively, but in Mbomo, the initial winner from the MSD was beaten by Opimbat, the FDN candidate. A run-off was held in Kibangou on December 26 between the UDD candidate Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba and Serge Victor Ignoumba, an independent. This final run-off was won by Ignoumba, who received 57.24% of the vote.