Rissooidea
Encyclopedia
Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Grey, 1847, is a large taxonomic superfamily
of small and minute saltwater, brackish water
, freshwater
, and semi-terrestrial snail
s which have gill
s and an operculum
. The gastropod mollusks in this superfamily are mostly marine
, but as can be seen from the following list, the superfamily also includes some freshwater, brackish water, and semi-terrestrial families and genera
.
, many invertebrate superfamily names ended in the suffix -acea, or -aceae, not -oidea as now required according the ICZN article 29.2. The suffix -oidea used to be used for some subclasses and superorders, where it is stll found. In much of the older literature including Keen 1958, Moore et al. 1952, and the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, gastropod superfamilies are written with the suffix -acea.
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
of small and minute saltwater, brackish water
Brackish water
Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root "brak," meaning "salty"...
, freshwater
Freshwater snail
A freshwater snail is one kind of freshwater mollusc, the other kind being freshwater clams and mussels, i.e. freshwater bivalves. Specifically a freshwater snail is a gastropod that lives in a watery non-marine habitat. The majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions....
, and semi-terrestrial snail
Snail
Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...
s which have gill
Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water, afterward excreting carbon dioxide. The gills of some species such as hermit crabs have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist...
s and an operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
. The gastropod mollusks in this superfamily are mostly marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...
, but as can be seen from the following list, the superfamily also includes some freshwater, brackish water, and semi-terrestrial families and genera
Genera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
.
Families
Families within the superfamily Rissooidea include:- AnabathridaeAnabathridaeAnabathridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Afriscrobs W.F. Ponder, 1983* Genus Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864** Amphithalamus subg. Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864...
, marine - AssimineidaeAssimineidaeAssimineidae is a family of minute snails with an operculum that live in saltwater, freshwater or on the land; they are mostly aquatic gastropod mollusks or micromollusks, in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Ecology :...
, semiterrestrial, also saltwater and freshwater - Barleeiidae, marine
- BithyniidaeBithyniidaeBithyniidae is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Their minute shell is often colored. They are characterized by a calcareous operculum, a lobe on the upper surface of the neck. The ctenidium, the respiratory gill-comb, is...
, freshwater - CaecidaeCaecidaeCaecidae is a taxonomic family of very small and minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha.- Habitat :...
, marine - CalopiidaeCalopiidaeCalopiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea....
, marine - CochliopidaeCochliopidaeCochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha ....
, freshwater - ElachisinidaeElachisinidaeElachisinidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :Genera within the family Elachisinidae include:* Genus Elachisina W.H...
, marine - Emblandidae, marine (one species only)
- EpigridaeEpigridaeEpigridae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea, and clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :Genera within the family Epigridae include:* Genus Epigrus C. Hedley, 1903 - the type genus- References :...
, marine - FalsicingulidaeFalsicingulidaeFalsicingulidae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- References :*...
, marine - HelicostoidaeHelicostoidaeHelicostoa sinensis is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the clade Littorinimorpha.Helicostoa sinensis is the only species in the genus Helicostoa, which in turn is the only genus in the family Helicostoidae...
, freshwater (one species only) - HydrobiidaeHydrobiidaeHydrobiidae, common name mud snails, is a large cosmopolitan taxonomic family of very small freshwater snails and brackish water snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Distribution :...
(including Amnicolidae, Istrianidae, Sadlerianidae), freshwater and brackish water - HydrococcidaeHydrococcidaeHydrococcidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera:* Hydrococcus Thiele, 1928** Hydrococcus brazieri : synonym : Assiminea brazieri - References :*...
, marine - IravadiidaeIravadiidaeIravadiidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera :Genera within the family Iravadiidae include:* Acliceratia Ponder, 1984* Ceratia H. & A. Adams, 1852...
, marine - LithoglyphidaeLithoglyphidaeLithoglyphidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha .- Taxonomy :Taylor , Ponder & Warén and Kabat & Hershler considered this taxon as a subfamily...
, freshwater - † MesocochliopidaeMesocochliopidaeMesocochliopidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Mesocochliopidae include:* Mesocochliopa, the type genus- References :*...
Yu, 1987, marine (fossil only) - MoitessieriidaeMoitessieriidaeMoitessieriidae is a family of small freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Moitessieriidae has no subfamilies....
, freshwater - † PalaeorissoinidaePalaeorissoinidaePalaeorissoinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
, marine (fossil only) - PomatiopsidaePomatiopsidaePomatiopsidae is a family of small mainly freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea ....
, freshwater - RissoidaeRissoidaeRissoidae is a large family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Distribution and habitat:...
, marine - StenothyridaeStenothyridaeStenothyridae is a family of freshwater snails, snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Distribution :...
, freshwater - TornidaeTornidaeTornidae is a family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha. This family used to be known as the Vitrinellidae.-General characteristics:...
, synonym Adeorbidae, marine - TruncatellidaeTruncatellidaeTruncatellidae, common name the "looping snails", is a family of small amphibious snails, with gills and an operculum, semi-marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks.-Shell description :...
, semiterrestrial
Nomenclature
This superfamily was previously known as Rissoacea. Prior to the recent ruling by the ICZNInternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 28 members from 20 countries, mainly practicing zoological taxonomists...
, many invertebrate superfamily names ended in the suffix -acea, or -aceae, not -oidea as now required according the ICZN article 29.2. The suffix -oidea used to be used for some subclasses and superorders, where it is stll found. In much of the older literature including Keen 1958, Moore et al. 1952, and the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, gastropod superfamilies are written with the suffix -acea.